Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung...
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![Page 1: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 13
Introduction to Embedded Systems
Graduate Computer ArchitectureFall 2005
Shih-Hao HungDept. of Computer Science and
Information EngineeringNational Taiwan University
![Page 2: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Computing Systems
• Desktop– PC, Workstations, Laptops
• Servers– Tier-0: network appliance– Tier-1: webserver– Tier-2: application/database server– File servers, Storage-area-network
• Embedded Systems– PDA– Cellphone– Routers– Microcontrollers
![Page 3: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Embedded?
• Computing system embedded within electronic devices.
• Combination of computer hardware and software designed to performance a specific function.
• Any computing system that is not a desktop computer nor a server.
![Page 4: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Area of Applications
• General purpose– PDA
• Control systems– Electronics, Automotive
• Signal processing– Media player, Camera
• Communication– Cellphone, switch
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Market
• Average household uses ~225 embedded processors; about 35 for automobile
• Estimated 5 billion embedded processors in use– 94% share of world market– 6%: Pentium, PowerPC, etc.
[Source: World Semiconductor Trade Statistics Bluebook]
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Key IssuesUser’s Point of View
• Single function/application– Dedicated to specific type of tasks
• Tight constraints– Size– Power– Cost– Time-to-market
• Real-time– Respond to environment in real time
• Safety/Reliability– Failure can result in critical damages
![Page 7: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Key IssuesDeveloper’s Point of View
• Concurrent development of HW and SW, i.e. HW/SW codesign
• Wide selection of uP’s.• Wide selection of OS, mostly real time (RTOS)• Few system resources• Specialized development tools• Debugging skills important• Robust HW/SW
![Page 8: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example
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Elements
![Page 10: Lecture 13 Introduction to Embedded Systems Graduate Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Shih-Hao Hung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6f5503460f94b6c677/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Trends
• High level of integration– System-on-chip (SoC)– Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC)
• HW/SW co-design– Concurrent development– Optimization
• Design flow– Design tools– Experiences
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Microcontroller
• Usually a simple uP plus peripheral support devices integrated in a single package
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SoC
• A uP plus peripheral support devices integrated in a single chip
• E.g. Intel StrongARM
• SoC vs uController?
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SoC Design
• Intellectual Property (IP)– Circuits or cores pre-deisgned/pre-verified for
certain functions– Implications:
• Lower design cost• Fast time-to-market
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Requirements
• Functional– Functions– I/O
• Non-functional– Performance– Cost– Power consumption– Size/weight
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Architecture
• How to implement the specifications– Components– System structure– Hardware/software partitioning
• HW/SW work together to solve a problem• Partitioning decided by
– Performance– Flexibility– Cost
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Architecture Design
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Designing An Embedded System
• Understand the big picture
• Understand the details
• Design SW with– Real time constraints– Low power– Small code size
• Domain-specific knowledge