Lecture 1.2 – the Octet Rule
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Transcript of Lecture 1.2 – the Octet Rule
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LECTURE 1.2 – THE OCTET RULE
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CA STANDARDSStudents can determine the number of
valence electrons for an element, draw a Lewis dot notation for an element and explain how the Octet rule leads to the formation of ions.
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I. VALENCE SHORTCUT!• All elements in the same
group (1A, 2A, etc.) have the same number of valence electrons.
• Lewis Dot Notation shows only Valence e-
o Nitrogen (#7) = o Magnesium (#12) =o Sulfur (#16) =o Sodium
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WHAT IS THE OCTET RULE?
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II. THE OCTET RULE• Atoms like to have a
full outer valence shell Stable atom.
• gain or lose electrons to have an outer orbit with 8 electrons (or 2 if it is the first energy level).
• Gain/lose based on what is easiest.
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III. OCTET SHORTCUT• All metals will lose
their valence electrons• All non-metals will
gain the missing ones.
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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF IONS THAT CAN FORM?
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IV. IONS• When atoms gain/lose
electrons, they gain a charge.
• Ion – A charged atom due to unequal number of protons and electrons
• Cation – A positively charged ion
• Anion – A negatively charged ion
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E- = DETENTION HRS. • If you gain
electrons (detention hrs.) you become negative (sad)
• If you lose electrons (detention hrs.) you become positive (happy)
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CATS MAKE PEOPLE FEEL POSITIVE
CATION POSITIVE
ANION NEGATIVE
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CLASS EXAMPLE• Draw dot notation for Be. Determine the
ion that forms for fluorine after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
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TABLE TALK• Draw the dot notation for Chlorine.
Determine the ion that forms for nitrogen after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
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STOP AND JOT• Draw the dot notation for Sulfur.
Determine the ion that forms for oxygen after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
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ION SHORTCUT!• All elements in the same group, form ions
with the same charge.
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MOVIE