Lecture 10-Traffic Collision & Avoidance TCAS
Transcript of Lecture 10-Traffic Collision & Avoidance TCAS
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Lecture 10: Traffic alert
and Collision AvoidanceSystem (TCAS)
By: Zuliana Ismail,2010
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What is TCAS
TCAS stand for Traffic alert and CollisionAvoidance System
TCAS is a special system designed to reduce the
incidence of Mid-air Collisions (MAC) between
aircraft.
According to ICAO, all aircraft with MTOW over
5700 kg or carry more than 30 passengers arecompulsory to equipped with TCAS.
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Mid-Air Collision (MAC)
A mid-air collision is an aviation accident in which two or
more aircraft come into contact during flight.
Worst MAC in History
Saudi Arabian Airlines VS
Kazakhstan Airlines , 1996
(349 people killed)Bashkirian Airlines collided
with DHL,2002 (71 People
Killed)
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TCAS Equipments
TCAS
Antenna
TCAS
Display
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HOW TCASWORKS
TCAS operates similar as Secondary SurveillanceRadar (SSR), but in air to air role.
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HOW TCASWORKS
TCAS consists ofantennas on aircraft body,computer processor & TCAS display inside cockpit.
TCAS antenna continually surveys the airspacearound an aircraft & transmit the signal.
Other aircraft that also equipped with TCAS in thesurrounding area will reply the signal.
TCAS continuously calculates tracked aircraftposition, therefore TCAS display constantly
updated and provide real time positioninformation.
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HOW TCASWORKS
Targets (other aircraft) are displayed on theTCAS screen as different symbols which showlevel of threat.
Aircraft relative altitude also will be displayed.
Relative altitude is the targets altitude inrelation to the aircraft. EX: -03 depicts atarget 300 feet below and climbing.
TCAS can not display aircraft without TCASantenna/transponders.
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Traffic Advisory (TA) &
Resolution Advisory (RA)
Range = 14 NM
Maximum number of aircraft processed = 30
Determination of the alerts: TA & RAAUDIOWARNING
Traffic Advisory (TA)help the pilots in the visual search
for the intruder aircraft, and alert
them to be ready for a potential
resolution advisory
Intruder be at 45
and 35 seconds
from the collision
area.
Traffic, Traffic
Resolution Advisory (RA)avoidance maneuvers
recommended to the pilot.
Intruder be at 30
and 20 seconds
from the collision
area.
Climb, Climb
Descent,
Descent
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TYPICAL TCAS DISPLAY
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TCAS Display
In modern glass cockpit aircraft, the TCAS display may be integrated in the
NavigationDisplay
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TCAS Advantages
Highly accurate distance measurements, with aone-second refresh rate.
All threats taken into account
Detection of all transponding aircraft, includingthose which are not displayed on the air traffic
controllers screen
Independent system, which acts as a last resort
measure to avoid mid-air collision when other
safety precautions fail.
TCAS reduced the risk of mid-air collision
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