Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This lecture was originally prepared by Dr....

Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode

Alternatives

This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dr. Jeff LaMondia, Auburn University; and Candace Brakewood, Georgia Institute of Technology as part of the STRIDE project Developing a New Course for Public Transportation Education (2012-029S).

Transit Planning, Design & Operations

Module Outline

o Modal Classificationo Benefits of Public Transportationo Transit System Design and Operationso Context-specific Transit Choices


What is “transit”?


Source: Willamor Media - http://www.flickr.com/photos/bz3rk/3682041548/ Source: Chris Yunker, http://www.flickr.com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/

Familiar Forms of Transit


Simple Answer:Collective Transportation

But why do we have to travel collectively in

urban spaces?


Source:

Goal: To Maximize Space


Source: Willamor Media - http://www.flickr.com/photos/bz3rk/3682041548/ Source: Chris Yunker, http://www.flickr.com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/

Same Modes, New Context


Source:

Source:

Source: Source:

Are These Transit, too?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Roosevelt_Island_Tramway.jpg


Transit Mode Definition

4 Basic Characteristics:

• Right-of-Way (ROW)• System Technology• Types of Service• Organizational Oversight


ROW CMixed Traffic

ROW BPhysically Separated

ROW AFully

controlled

Street Transit Semi-rapid Transit Rapid Transit

Speed of Vehicles

Operating & Capital Costs

Characteristic 1: Right-of-way


Characteristic 2: System Technology

Support: Vertical contact

• Rubber tire on pavement

• Steel wheel on rail

• Vehicle on water, mag lev, etc.

Guidance: Lateral control

• Steered by driver

• Guided by track

Propulsion: Power system

• Diesel engine• Electric motor• Hybrid• Magnetic

forces, etc

Control: Spacing

• Manual/visual• Manual/signals• Automatic


Characteristic 3: Types of Service

Express

Rapid

Local


Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight

On-Demand Individuals On-Demand Group

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/IMGP1004.JPG


Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight

Public Group


Classification by Type of Usage

Characteristic Private For-hire Public

Designation Private Paratransit Transit

Availability Owner Public Public

Supplier User Carrier Carrier

Route determination User (flexible) User User (carrier) Carrier (fixed)

Time-schedule determination

User (flexible) User User (carrier) Carrier (fixed)

Cost-price User absorbs Fixed RATE Fixed FARE

Carrier type Individual Group Individual Group Group

Modes SOV Carpool Taxi Dial-a-ride Street transit

Motorcycle Vanpool Rent Car Jitney Semirapid transit

Bicycle Car Share Charter Rapid Transit

Walking Bike Share Specialized

Adapted from Vuchic, 2007


4 Major Transit Families

• Street Transit– Right-of-Way (ROW)– System Technology– Types of Service– Organizational

Oversight

• Semi-rapid Transit– Right-of-Way (ROW)– System Technology– Types of Service– Organizational

Oversight

• Rapid Transit– Right-of-Way (ROW)– System Technology– Types of Service– Organizational Oversight

• Specialized Transit– Right-of-Way (ROW)– System Technology– Types of Service– Organizational Oversight


Paratransit Modes

• Taxicabs• Car Sharing• Dial-a-ride• Jitney / Publico


Taxicabs

NYC Taxis

Source:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Cabs.jpg


Car Sharing

National Zipcars ProgramSource:

http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/atlanta-residents-go-on-615835.html


Dial-a-ride

Dallas Area Regional Transit

Austin CapMetroSource:

Source:


Jitney / Publico

Philippine JeepneySource:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/IMGP1004.JPG


Street Transit Modes

• Regular Bus• Express Bus• Trolleybus• Streetcars (trolleys)

http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/atlanta-residents-go-on-615835.html


Regular Bus

Hamburg Articulated BusSource:


Express Bus

Source: http://www.xpressga.com/

Source: http://www.xpressga.com/

GRT Xpress Bus


Trolleybus

Seattle Metro Transit

Source:


Streetcar

Source: http://georgiatransitconnector.com/about/

Atlanta Streetcar


Semi-rapid Transit Modes

• Bus Rapid Transit• Light Rail Transit• Automated Guideway Transit


Bus Rapid Transit

Lane Transit in Eugene, ORSource:


Bus Rapid Transit

TransMilenio in Bogota, Colombia

Source:


Light Rail Transit

Dallas Area Regional TransitSource:


Automated Guideway Transit

Source: Wikimedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATL_People_Mover_2.jpg

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport


Rapid Transit Modes

• Rail Rapid Transit (Metro)• Light Rail Rapid Transit• Rubber-tired Rapid Transit• Monorail• Regional (Commuter) Rail


Light Rail Rapid Transit

Vancouver SkyTrainSource:


Rubber-tired Metro

Montreal, Canada

Mexico City, Mexico

Source:

Source:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Montreal_metro_tires.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Metro_Mexico_City.jpg


Monorail

Seattle, WAWalt Disney World, Florida

Source:

Source:


Commuter Rail

Seattle, WASource:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/aa/Sounder_Commuter_Train_2004-03-05.jpg


2009 APTA Modal Facts

# Systems Passenger Trips Passenger MilesBus 1,088 5,452 mil 21,477 milCommuter Rail 27 468 mil 11,232 milParatransit 6,700 190 mil 1,477 milHeavy Rail 15 3,490 mil 16,805 milLight Rail 35 465 mil 2,199 milTrolleybus 5 104 mil 168 milMonorail 2

212 mil 1,875 mil

Inclined Plane 4Publico 1Aerial Tramway 2Automated Guideway Transit 7Cable Car 1Ferryboat 32


2009 Service Statistics

Vehicles in Max

Service

Weekday Unlinked

Trips

Saturday Unlinked

Trips

MARTA Rail 182 ~267,000 ~161,000

MARTA Bus 507 ~232,000 ~139,000

CCT 79 16,567 7,703

Gwinnett 67 8,814 1,237

GRTA 83 7,337 0

BUC 6 557 154


2009 APTA Metro Facts

Un Pass Trips

Rank Pass Miles

Rank Population Rank

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT 4,019 mil 1 21,788 mil 1 17,800,000 1

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 705 mil 2 3,449 mil 3 11,790,000 2Chicago, IL-IN 633 mil 3 3,986 mil 2 8,308,000 3Washington, DC-VA-MD 495 mil 4 2,557 mil 5 3,934,000 8San Francisco-Oakland, CA 443 mil 5 2,589 mil 4 3,229,000 12Boston, MA-NH-RI 376 mil 6 1,921 mil 6 4,032,000 7Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD 369 mil 7 1,744 mil 7 5,149,000 4Seattle, WA 190 mil 8 1,231 mil 8 2,712,000 14Atlanta, GA 169 mil 9 992 mil 9 3,500,000 11Miami, FL 160 mil 10 932 mil 10 4,919,000 5Baltimore, MD 125 mil 11 814 mil 11 2,076,000 19Portland, OR-WA 115 mil 12 512 mil 15 1,583,000 24


Why Transit?


• Congestion• Energy / Environment• Equity• Safety

Critical Issues in Transportation


Congestion

Source:


Energy / Environment

• In 2005, Public transportation reduced CO2 emissions by 6.9 million metric tons

• 340 million gallons of gasoline saved


Equity

Source:


Safety

Source:


…And More

• Health• Land Use / Availability• Aging Population• Community


Conclusion

• Wide range of transit modes to choose from– Pros and cons of each

• Transit addresses many critical transportation issues– Congestion– Environmental problems– Equity– Safety– More


Moving Forward

• Issues today– Congestion– Environmental problems– Equity– Financial problems– Unsatisfactory quality

Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This lecture was originally prepared by Dr....

Documents

Transcript of Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This lecture was originally prepared by Dr....