Lecture 1 Introduction-- GRAMMAR.ppt

8/10/2019 Lecture 1 Introduction-- GRAMMAR.ppt

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English Grammar

Zhong Caishun

Tel: 13699529035

Email: [email protected]

!!: 6"1911103


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#irs$ $hing goes %irs$&

1. 'ha$ is grammar(

2. 'h) do *e s$ud) grammar(

3. +o* an grammar ,e

a-uiredlearned(

". 'ha$ shall *e do in $his ourse(


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1. 'ha$ is grammar

Grammar is $he %ormal s$ud) o% $he

s$ru$ure o% a language and desri,es ho*

*ords %i$ $oge$her in meaning%ulons$ru$ions.

/ roer$) o% ,rain

a sei%i desri$ion s$ud) or anal)sis o%rules %or language use


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Home computers are now much cheaper.

Home computers now much are cheaper.

Susan likes Tom.

Tom likes Susan.


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Descriptive vs. prescriptive

/ descriptive rule is one $ha$ desri,es ho* eole use $heirlanguage. ome$imes eole seaking $he same diale$ disagree in $heir

ealua$ion o% ar$iular sen$enes. #or e4amle some seakers o%

s$andard 7ri$ish English %ind ae$a,le I demand that she gives herreasons8 o$hers re%er or re-uire a di%%eren$ %orm o% $he er, in $he thatlause ei$her that she give her reasons or that she shouldgive herreasons.

ules $ha$ sei%) *hih usages should ,e ado$ed or aoided arealled prescriptive rules. E4amles o% resri$ie rules are: ;on


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=no*ing $he rules in ealua$ie and

oera$ional senses does no$ mean $ha$

)ou an sa) *ha$ $he rules are.


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'ha$ makes a good rule(

Tru$h

>imi$a$ion

Clari$)

imlii$)

#amiliari$) eleane


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2. 'h) do *e s$ud) grammar(

ead $he %ollo*ing $*o re%le$ie

ommen$s and disuss )our oinions


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e%le$ion


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/ language is learned $hrough ra$ie. ?$

is merel) er%e$ed $hrough grammar.


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3. +o* an grammar ,e a-uired

or learned( ?mlii$ or e4lii$

?ndu$ie or dedu$ie


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resen$a$ionra$ierodu$ion

AB odels a s$ru$ured $hrees$age se-uene:

a resen$a$ion s$age ?n $he resen$a$ion s$age $he ne* grammar rule or s$ru$ure is in$rodued

usuall) $hrough a $e4$ a dialogue or a s$or) $ha$ inludes $he s$ru$ure. The

s$uden$s lis$en $o $he $e4$ or read i$ ou$ loud. The main urose o% $his s$ageis $o hel s$uden$s ,eome %amiliar *i$h $he ne* gramma$ial s$ru$ure andkee i$ in $heir shor$$erm memor) ADr 19B.

a ra$ie s$age ?n $his s$age s$uden$s are gien arious kinds o% *ri$$en and soken

e4erises $o reea$ maniula$e or rerodue $he ne* %orms. The ra$ies$age usuall) ,egins *i$h on$rolled ra$ies $ha$ %ous learners< a$$en$ionon sei%i s$ru$ures and $hen moes $o less on$rolled ra$ies *i$h more

oenended a$ii$ies. The aim o% $he ra$ie s$age is $o hel s$uden$s gainon$rol o% $he kno*ledge in$rodued in $he resen$a$ion s$age $o $ake i$ inand $o moe i$ %rom $heir shor$$erm memor) $o $heir long$erm memor) ADr19B.

and a rodu$ion s$age ?n $he rodu$ion s$age learners are enouraged $o use $he rules $he) hae

learned in $he resen$a$ion and ra$ie s$ages more %reel) and in moreommunia$ie a$ii$ies. The aim o% $his las$ s$age is $o %ull) mas$er $he ne*%orm ,) ena,ling learners $o in$ernaliFe $he rules and use $hem au$oma$iall)and son$aneousl).


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resen$a$ionresen$ on$inuous

Can an) ,od) $ell me *ha$ im is doing( 'ha$ is ar) doing(

ra$ieee$i$ion in horus or indiiduall)

rodu$ion;esri,e an ongoing a$ii$)


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ri$iism

'hile $here is su,s$an$ial eidene $ha$ grammar ins$ru$ion resul$s inlearning as measured ,) disre$eoin$ language $es$s Ae.g. $hegrammar $es$ in $he THE#>B $here is muh less eidene $o sho*$ha$ i$ leads $o $he kind o% learning $ha$ ena,les learners $o er%orm

$he $arge$ed %orm in %ree oral rodu$ion Ae.g. in a ommunia$ie$askB. 'here s)n$a4 is onerned researh has demons$ra$ed $ha$ learners

rarel) i% eer moe %rom Fero $o $arge$like mas$er) o% ne* i$ems inone s$e. 7o$h na$uralis$i and lassroom learners ass $hrough %i4eddeelomen$al se-uenes in *ord order nega$ion -ues$ions rela$ielauses and so onIse-uenes *hih hae $o inlude o%$en -ui$eleng$h) s$ages o% non$arge$like use o% %orms as *ell as use o%non$arge$like %orms.

7esides ra$ie language a-uisi$ion roesses aear $o ,egoerned ,) man) s)hologial ons$rain$s Aienemann 199B.


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Communia$ie aroahes

$he aim o% language learning as a-uiringommunia$ie a,ili$) $ha$ is $he a,ili$) $o useand in$erre$ meaning in realli%e ommunia$ionA'iddo*son 19JB no$ siml) learning %ormalgramma$ial rules and s$ru$ures

linguis$i ome$ene Ai.e. kno*ledge o%

grammar rulesB and ommunia$ie ome$eneAi.e. kno*ledge o% language use and $he a,ili$)$o use languageB


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no es$a,lished ins$ru$ional roedures

no$ional%un$ional urriulums $he

roedural roess,ased s)lla,useson$en$,ased and immersion models

$ask,ased ins$ru$ion


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?n$egra$ie aroahes

een$ researh in seond language a-uisi$ionA>/B ho*eer has led $o a reonsidera$ion o%$he imor$ane o% grammar. an) researhers

no* ,eliee $ha$ grammar $eahing should no$ ,eignored in seond language lassrooms.>anguage $eahing ro%essionals hae also,eome inreasingl) a*are $ha$ grammarins$ru$ion la)s an imor$an$ role in language$eahing and learning. There are a num,er o%reasons %or $his reealua$ion o% $he role o%grammar.


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". 'ha$ $o do in $his ourse(

Course s)lla,us


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The %ous $oda) is on en$er$ainmen$ $o

suh a degree $ha$ soie$) e4e$s een

learning $o ,e K%unL an a$$i$ude $ha$$riialiFes $he hard *orkneessar) $o

mas$er an) su,je$ Asee 'illiams 2002B.


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(


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Lecture 1 Introduction-- GRAMMAR.ppt

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