Lecture 1 (Intro)

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Lecture 1 (Intro) And some rin uphill and down dale, Knapping the chucky stones to pieces wi’ hammers, Like sae mony roadmakers run daft – They say it is to see how the warld was made. - Sir Walter Raleigh Of Igneous rocks and volcanoes Webpage for course (dayt ime) Webpage for course (nigh ttime)

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And some rin uphill and down dale, Knapping the chucky stones to pieces wi ’ hammers, Like sae mony roadmakers run daft – They say it is to see how the warld was made. - Sir Walter Raleigh Of Igneous rocks and volcanoes. Lecture 1 (Intro). Webpage for course (daytime). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Lecture 1 (Intro)

Page 1: Lecture 1 (Intro)

Lecture 1 (Intro)

And some rin uphill and down dale,Knapping the chucky stones to pieces wi’ hammers,

Like sae mony roadmakers run daft –They say it is to see how the warld was made.

- Sir Walter Raleigh

Of Igneous rocks and volcanoes

Webpage for course (daytime)

Webpage for course (nighttime)

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Difference between rocks and minerals

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Three types of rocks:

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Minerals in igneous rock

Fig. 3.2Minerals distributed randomlyCrystals grow into one another

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Continental vs. oceanic crust

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Mineral composition of earth crustContinental crust

Feldspar 58%Chain silicates 13%Quartz 11%Micas (incl. clays)10%Calcite, Gypsum,

Halite 3%Olivine 3%Misc. 2%

Oceanic crust

Olivine 30%Chain silicates 30%Plagioclase

feldspars 40%

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Types of Igneous environments Volcanic (extrusive)

fine-grained

Plutonic (intrusive)

coarse-grained

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Mineral compositions Continental Intermediate Oceanic

Volcanic Plutonic

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Three types of volcanoes

due to mineral characteristics

Continental Composite Oceanic

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shield

Three types of volcanoes

pyroclastic composite

< http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/

gly3150/mt_st_helens2.gif >

< http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/

06/Mauna_Kea_cinder_cone.jpg >

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Fig. 3.14b

Fig. 3.15a

obsidian

pumice

History of a volcano

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Eroded volcano – volcanic neck

http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/wyoming/devils-tower-national-monument

Example: Devil’s Tower, Wyoming

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Volcanic crater - caldera

http://www.dustydavis.com/longride/2004

Example: Crater Lake, Oregon

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“Ring of Fire”

Where do composite volcanoes occur?

Fig. 4.33

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Unusual volcanoes - kimberlites

http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/170&usg

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Associated with hotspots

Unusual volcanoes - kimberlites

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Loper and McCartney hypothesis of dinosaur extinction

http://www.astro.virginia.edu/class/oconnell/astr121/marsImages.html&usg