Lecture 1 FMP-715 Energy Scenario

8/15/2019 Lecture 1 FMP-715 Energy Scenario

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Renewable Energy Engineering

FMP-715 3(2-1)


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Recent World’s Energy Overview


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Definitions

When energy is released it is conerted to

either wor! (which i"#lies "otion o$ bodies

or "atter) or another $or" o$ energy s%chthat the s%" o$ wor! and other $or"s o$

energy is always consered&

Energy is a #ro#erty o$ eery #hysical

syste"' describing its ability to #er$or" wor!&

Energy !


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inetic energy

Potential energy her"al energy

*he"ical energy

Radiant energy

Electrical energy

For"s o$ energy

Energy!


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.

Renewable energy resources:Renewable energy reso%rces are that reso%rces which

be re#laced ra#idly by nat%ral #rocesses

e&g&' +olar energy' wind energy' biogas energy' energy$ro" bio"ass etc

Non-Renewable energy resources:

,on-renewable energy reso%rces are that reso%rces

which are not re#laced or are re#laced only ery slowly by nat%ral #rocesses

e&g&' energy $ro" $ossil $%els (#etrol' diesel' coal etc)

Renewable & Non-renewableenergy resources


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Energy Units

Joule:

1 J = work done by a force of 1 Newton moving a body overa distance of 1 meter

1 J = 1 newton.metre = 1 kg.m/s2.m = 1 kg.(m/s)2

Calorie:

1 Cal = amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of distilled water by 1 K at sea level and normal

temperature (15°C).

1 Cal = 4.185 J

Energy!


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Units of HeatCalorie (Cal)

It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperatre of onegram of water through 1°C

I kCal = 1000 Calories (1 kg through 1°C)

ritish !hermal Unit (!U)

It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1

pound (l") of water through 1°#

Centigrade heat unit (CHU)

It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temeperature of

one pound of water through 1°C

$oule

It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of

1%&'1 gram of water through 1°C

I k$oule(k$) = 1000 $oules


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Energy!

Units of Energy (continued)

Barrel of Oil Equivalent (BOE):

The barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) is a unit of energy based

on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (42

US gallons or 158.9873 liters) of crude oil

US gallon =3.785 liters

UK gallon = 4.546 liters

Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe):

The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the

amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil,

approximately 42 GJ


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kilowatt-hour:

1 (kW h) = 3.6×106 J

Electronvolt (eV):

1eV = 1.60217653×10−19 J

British Thermal Unit:

1 BTU = amount of heat needed to raise the temperatureof 1 lb. of water from 63°F to 64°F.

1 BTU = 252 Cal = 1054.6 J

Erg:

1 Erg = g cm2 / s2 = 1×10−7 J.

Units of Energy (continued)


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History of manind wit te Energy

ncient discoery o$ $ire and the #ossibility o$ b%rning wood

"ade large a"o%nt o$ energy aailable $or "an!ind' $or the

$irst ti"e .ater (abo%t /000 years &*&) c%lt%ral deelo#"ent began to

accelerate For seeral tho%sands years h%"an energy de"ands were

coered only by renewable energy so%rces


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History of Mankind with The Energy

his re"ained only %ntil the start o$ ind%strial reol%tion and

the ability to trans$or" heat into "otion&

hen ind%strial deelo#"ent and energy cons%"#tionaccelerated ra#idly&

he reol%tion o$ energy technology based "ainly on $ossil

$%els& t changed $ro" the %se o$ coal de#osits to oil and nat%ral gas

$ields on a global scale&


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History of Mankind with The Energy

Firewood used for the most of the 19 century.

By the beginning 20 century coal was the dominant energy

source

%ring the 1420s' oil in t%rn began to challenge and by the1470s had oerta!en it as the leading contrib%tor to world

s%##lies&

y then' nat%ral gas was also "a!ing a ery s%bstantial

contrib%tion' with n%clear energy and hydro #ower alsos%##lying s"aller b%t signi$icant a"o%nts&


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+%stainability "eans e$$icient %se o$ reso%rces $or e$$ectie

deelo#"ent that "eets the needs o$ the #resent witho%t

disgracing the ability o$ $%t%re generations to "eet their own

needs&

Energy Resources and Sustainability.

What does Sustainability mean ?


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Energy is a universal wealth has provided to the whole of

mankind.

Conclusions

Every thing we see around us has cost a lot more to create (in

terms of fuel consumption) than most of us are aware.

Small car costs about five times more energy to build than it

will actually consume in fuel during a service life of 200,000

miles. We (engineers) have to adopt the genuine philosophy of

‘build it’ to last forever, ‘maintain it’ to make it last forever.


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We must take care of the quality of life of thefuture generations as well as our’s.

We have to handle energy rationally which means;

Economically and,

Efficiently.

Conclusions

Moreover we must utilize energy and raw material wisely:

it is the moral obligation of our generation because energy

and raw material shortage involves economic decline and

poverty.


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Distribution of proved oilreserves


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Oil production by region


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Oil consumption by region


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Distribution of proved naturalgas reserves


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Natural gas production byregion


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Natural gas consumption byregion


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Coal production – Coalconsumption


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Nuclear energy consumption byregion


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Hydroelectricity consumption byregion


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World #ri"ary energy cons%"#tion


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Regional primary energyconsumption

patterns


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Pakistan’s Energy Sector


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Energy Potentials in Pa!istan

Potential $or al"ost all ty#es o$ renewable energies eists

in the co%ntry&

hese ty#es incl%de solar (P6 and ther"al)' wind' biogas'

"icrohydelcanal $all' biodiesel #rod%ction' bio"asswaste

to energy #rod%ction' geother"al' tidalocean energies' etc

8n aerage' solar global insolation 597 !Wh"2d eists inthe co%ntry oer "ore than 45: o$ its area&

Wind s#eed 597 "s #ersists in coastal regions o$ +indh

and alochistan #roinces and in a n%"ber o$ ,orth West

$rontier alleys& ccording to a s%rey' Pa!istan #ossesses"ore than 20'000MW o$ econo"ically iable wind #ower

#otential


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More than 1200 MW "icro"ini hydro#ower #otentialis esti"ated to be aailable in the co%ntry while

incl%ding #ower generation at northern "o%ntaino%s

region and so%thern #lane region incl%ding energy

generation thro%gh canal $all also&otal biogas generation #otential aailable in the

co%ntry is 1/&25 "illion "3 d-1


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he cr%de oil and nat%ral gas were /3&;3 and 551&22M8E res#ectiely& With #resent rate o$ cons%"#tion'

the reseres are s%$$icient $or "eeting oil and gas

energy de"ands o$ net 2&2; and 1;&/5 years

res#ectiely&he coal reseres were e

Lecture 1 FMP-715 Energy Scenario

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