Lecture 01 Introduction Engineering Graphics
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Transcript of Lecture 01 Introduction Engineering Graphics
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology
ME-102 Engineering Graphics
Lecture #: 01
Introduction
Lecture By: Muhammad Jawad Qarni
Research Associate
Office # G-14 - FME
Email: [email protected]
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Course Outline
Role of graphics in engineering
Drawing instruments and equipment
2D and 3D space relationship
Multiview and orthogonal representations
Pictorial drawings and free hand sketching
Sectional views
Auxiliary views development
Dimensioning and tolerancing
Fasteners and connectors
Production drawings Computer-aided drawings and drafting
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Text Book and Other Resources
Text Book: Technical Graphics Communication 3rd
edition by Eric N. Wiebe and Garry R. Bertoline
Lectures, Soft Copy of the Book and for other
information, Please visit FME homepage
http://192.168.151.150/
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Grading Policy (Subject to Change)
Quizzes = 4% (2 Mega Quizzes)
Assignments = 6% (At least 4)
Lab = 30% 20% ED Hall + 10% AutoCAD
Mid Exam = 20%
Final Exam = 40%
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Drawing
A drawing is a graphical representation of objects and
structures and is done using freehand, mechanical orcomputer methods.
A drawing serves as a graphic model or representation
of real object or idea.
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Engineering Graphics
It refers basically to the use of drawings to represent
design ideas, configurations and specifications and touse analysis required for an engineering project.
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Engineering Drawing
An engineering drawing is a set of drawings that
communicates an idea, design, schematic or model. Engineering drawing is an universal graphic language,
known as the language of engineers.
It is used by engineers to develop and record their ideas
and transmit them to others for execution.
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Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing can express the complete
information about any object with exactness and details.
Different types of drawing
For e.g. mechanical engineers need productions drawing
to manufacture a component or assembly.
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Typical Engineering Design CycleProblem
Identification
Preliminary
Ideas
DesignRefinement
Analysis
Optimization
Documentation
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Sketching Process
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Graphics in Design Process
Technical graphics is a real and complete language used
in the design process for:
1. Visualization
2. Communication
3. Documentation
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Visualization
Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that
are not there.
Ability to visualize problem solutions and communicate
them through sketches is one of the most important skill
of a designer.
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Communication
Refinement of your initial sketches
so that your design solution can be
communicated to others withoutambiguity.
Usually done by creating a three
dimensional (3D) model
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Documentation
Is a process to permanently record
that solution.
2D drawing follow strict standard
practices.
These standards are the languageused to communicate graphically.
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Standards
Standards are sets of rules that govern how technical
drawing are presented.
Some common standards are:
ANSI: American national standard institute
ASME: American society of mechanical engineers.
ISO: International standard organization.
JIS: Japanese standards
MIL: U.S. Military
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Instruments
In order to create a manual engineering drawings various
instrument are used.
They are.
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Drawing Boards
Size:
1000(mm) x 1500(mm)
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Compass
The compass is used to draw
circles and arcs of varying
diameters.
T S
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T-Square
T-Square is used for drawing parallel
horizontal lines and also as a base for set
squares, for drawing vertical, inclined ormutually parallel lines.
The stock of the T-square moves over the
working edge of the drawing board.
The working edge of the blade should be
perfectly straight.
Stock Drawing Edge
Blade
S t S
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Set Squares
A set square or triangle is an object used in technical drawing,
with the aim of providing a straight edge at a particular point to a
baseline. The most simple form of set square is a triangular piece of
transparent plastic.
Drawing
perpendicular lines.
Drawingparallel lines.
S l (R l )
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Scales (Ruler)
mm
inch
The international organization that
established the metric standard is
ISO. The system is called theInternational System of Units.
Mostly use millimeter scale
Conversion (Inch to mm)
1(1 inch) = 25.4 mm
F h C
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French Curves
They are made mostly of plastic
and come in various shapes.
French curves are used fordrawing curves which cannot be
drawn with a compass.
The curves should be drawn with
a single stroke, so that no cornersare formed.
They are used for drawing many
non-circular curves on graphic
charts and for plotting motion,
forces and engineering graphs.
P il
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Pencils
The following will be used in labs..
1 H 2 H HB
Drawing Sheet Sizes
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Drawing Sheet Sizes
Drawing Sheet Size Size in mm Size in inches
A0 1189 x 841 46.81 x 33.11
A1 841 x 591 33.11 x 23.39
A2 594 x 420 23.39 x 16.55
A3 420 x 297 16.55 x 11.69
A4 297 x 210 11.69 x 8.27
A5 210 x 148 8.27 x 5.84
A6 148 x 105 5.84 x 4.13
Common Line Types
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Common Line Types
Visible Lines: Represent the outline of the object. Continuous
thick lines.
Hidden Lines:Used to show the hidden part of the drawings.
Center Lines:Used to indicate the axes of cylinder, cone etc.
Phantom Lines: Used to indicate an alternate position of a
moving component.
2mm 1mm
Common Line Types (Contd )
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Common Line Types (Contd)
Cross Section Lines:Used to show the edges of a cutting plane.
Dimension Lines:Thin continuous lines. Terminate with an arrow
head.
Extension Lines:Are continuous lines used in dimension lines. A
gap of about should be maintain these lines and the visible lines
of an object.
Dimensions (mm or inch)
Types of Lines
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Types of Lines
Types of Lines
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Types of Lines
Sketching Techniques
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Sketching Techniques
Engineering Drawing Rules
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Engineering Drawing Rules
Always use a sharp edge pencil.
Make all lettering the same size.
Use engineering paper (A3, A2 etc)
Freehand Technical Lettering
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LETTERS (Normal)
LETTERS (compressed)
LETTERS (Extended)
Proportions
Freehand Technical Lettering
Single stroke letters
General Proportions of letters No fix standards for proportions of standards
It should be such that it looks pleasant to eyes
Pencil Techniques
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Pencil Techniques
The best pencil for lettering on
most surfaces are the 1H, 2H,
and HB grades.
Hold your pencil in the position
shown. It should make
approximately a 60
o
angle withthe paper.
Lettering
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Lettering
The style of engineering lettering we will use in the lab is
Single Stroke Gothic Lettering
An example of the characters is shown on next slide
Notice that only capital letters are demonstrated, since
we will use only capital letters on drawings
Title Box
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Title Box
Name: A B C
Reg #: 2009XXX
Title :
Date : 19 JAN 2009
8
8
8
8
100
Note: All dimensions are in mm.
Assignment #1: Lettering Good Old Fashioned Way:
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Assignment #1:Lettering Good Old Fashioned Way:
Guidelines:
Note the letters width to height
ratio is 3/4 (like the "B") to 1 (like
the "A" or the "O"). In some cases,
like the "W", the ratio is actually
greater than 1.
Also note, the letters are drawn on
horizontal guide lines. The guide
lines used for the figure were
originally 3/16" (the height of the
letters) with 1/16" of space
between each line.
Spacing between letters shouldbe consistent and not too tight.
Submit this in your respective labs
next week.
Optical Illusion
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Try to follow the path of
water in this picture
Optical Illusion
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Thank you