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12 January 2017

LECB FINAL PROJECT REPORT

1. Project Background and Rationale

a. Situation prior to LECB: relevant policies, institutional capacity for climate policymaking, the highest GHG emitting sectors.

The Republic of Moldova (RM) signed the UNFCCC on June 12, 1992 and it was ratified by the Parliament on March 16, 1995. On February 13, 2003, Republic of Moldova ratified the Kyoto Protocol (the official date of accession was April 22, 2003).

Since UNFCCC entering into force the Ministry of Environment (MoEN) of the Republic of Moldova is the state authority responsible for development and promotion of policies and strategies addressing environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and biodiversity conservation. On behalf of the Government of RM, MoEN is in charge of the implementation of international environment treaties to which RM is a Part (including UNFCCC). Representatives of MoEN also act as GEF and UNFCCC Focal Points.

In view of implementing and accomplishing the UNFCCC provisions, as well as mechanisms and provisions of Kyoto Protocol based on Ministerial Resolution No. 21 as of February 11, 2004, the Climate Change Office (CCO) was established under the Ministry of Ecology, Constructions and Territory Development of the Republic of Moldova (reorganized into Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources in April 2005, respectively into the Ministry of Environment in September 2009).

The CCO was entirely responsible for the activities related to preparation of National Communications (NCs) and National Inventory Reports (NIRs). Within the CCO the National Inventory Team (NIT) was responsible for estimating emissions by categories of sources and removals by categories of sinks, Key Categories Analysis (KCA), Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) procedures, uncertainties assessment, documentation, reporting and archiving of data related to GHG inventory preparation process. The de facto status of the Climate Change Office was that of a Project Implementation Unit (PIU), supporting the implementing of the national climate change related policies, programs and projects. By now the CCO is still project financed without funding allocated from the state budget.

As a Party to the UNFCCC, the RM has prepared three national communications, which included the GHG National Inventories. The first GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-1998, was reported as part of the First National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC and made available at the COP 6 (Hague, 2000).

The second GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-2005, was reported as part of the Second National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC, as well as a separate publication entitled National Inventory Report: 1990-2005, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova, and made available at SBI 30 (Bonn, 2009).

The third GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-2010, was reported as part of the Third National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC, submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat in January 2014, as well as a separate publication entitled National Inventory Report: 1990-2010, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova, submitted to COP 19 in Warsaw in November 2013.

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According to obtained results, the Energy Sector was the most important source of national direct GHG emissions (without LULUCF), its share varying from 79.8 per cent to 67.3 per cent over the time series from 1990 through 2010. Other relevant sources are represented by the Agriculture Sector (having a share of 11.8 per cent in 1990 and respectively 16.0 per cent in 2010), Waste Sector (3.8 per cent in 1990 and respectively 11.9 per cent in 2010), and Industrial Processes Sector (4.4 per cent in 1990 and respectively 4.2 per cent in 2010). In the time series 1990 through 2010, total direct emissions and removals in the Republic of Moldova tended to decrease, so emissions under Energy Sector decreased by circa 74.1 per cent; Industrial Processes Sector – by circa 70.3 per cent; Solvents and Other Products Use Sector – by circa 40.7 per cent; Agriculture Sector – by 58.4 per cent; LULUCF Sector – by 100.4 per cent; and Waste Sector – by 3.0 per cent.

In May 2010, the MoEN of the Republic of Moldova initiated a dialogue with UNDP Moldova and UNDP Bratislava Regional Center, requesting financial and capacity building support for developing the Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) of the Republic of Moldova until 2020 and the Republic of Moldova’s Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (CCAS). The LEDS was supposed to translate the targets announced when the Republic of Moldova associated with the Copenhagen Accord into national and sectoral targets.

The LEDS and CCAS were developed by CCO in collaboration with International Consultants hired by UNDP Bratislava Regional Center (RBRC). At the national level, the activities were realized under the UNDP Moldova Project “Support to Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources” (September 2010 - December 2012).

The draft Low Emission Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2020, complemented by a prioritized list of NAMAs containing three types of NAMAs (unilateral, supported and credited), as well as the Republic of Moldova’s Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (CCAS) were finalized by CCO in May 2013 and provided to MoEN for being forwarded to the Government for consideration and approval. MoEN considered both draft documents around a year trying to improve their content and adjust them in accordance with the requirements of national legislation to such kind of policy documents, starting the public consultations of respective documents in June 2014 (both documents were available for being publicly consulted on Governmental webpage: www.particip.gov.md).

The Republic of Moldova Climate Change Adaptation Strategy was finally approved through the Government Decision No.1009 as of 10.12.2014. The general objective of the CCAS is oriented towards “increasing the capacity of the Republic of Moldova to adapt and respond to actual or potential climate change effects" and it provides for an integrated vision on the development opportunities of the Republic of Moldova to react in a resilient manner to the impact of these changes, and it is underpinned by an in-depth study of future climate risks and impacts of climate change on vulnerable sectors.

With reference to the LEDS until 2020 and the list of NAMAs, the first draft was built on Government Programme “European Integration: Liberty, Democracy, Welfare” for 2011-2014 (2011), National Development Strategy “Moldova 2020” (2012), and a range of sectoral policy documents, like Energy Strategy until 2030 (2013), Road Transport Infrastructure Strategy for 2008-2017 (2008), National Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Complex of the Republic of Moldova for 2008-2015 (2008), and others. Mitigation priorities were identified for each major economic sector of the Republic of Moldova (i.e., energy, industry, transportation, buildings, agriculture, forestry, waste). As stated already above, the analytical basis for the draft LEDS development was the GHG Inventory for 1990-2010 and emission projections broken down by sector until 2030, developed in the framework of the Third National Communication of the Republic of Moldova under the UNFCCC (2013). In 2014, by start of LECB

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Project in the Republic of Moldova, the MoEN decided to postpone LEDS consideration on later term, considering the opportunity to extend in the meantime its initial coverage until 2030.

b. Why LECB was needed (e.g., briefly describe sectoral situation that led to NAMA design, and describe the pre-LECB condition of the GHG inventory, data management or MRV, and relevant institutional structures).

As noted above, RM had a series of extensive programs, policies and initiatives that were designed to integrate mitigation into the National and Sectoral Development Strategies, to decarbonize the national economy while increasing the energy security, maximize economic opportunities and establish a climate-resilient economy.

Stakeholder consultations in all target groups, including ministers, academic institutes and universities, private sector actors and NGOs, were conducted as part of the preparatory phase of project design (since September 2012 to December 2013). These stakeholder consultations included meetings, round-tables discussions and interviews. A thorough desk review preceded the consultations.

One key aspect of the consultations was to identify the weaknesses in the RM’s institutional framework that hindered the country’s low emission development trajectory. It was revealed through this process that the weaknesses primarily relate to limited capacity (human and funding resources) within the Ministry of Environment (MoEN) and other key ministries for coordinating the climate change activities and policy development at the national and sectoral level. Also, the inter-ministerial and technical capacities to mainstreaming climate change into national planning and for creating an enabling environment for private sector involvement in mitigation activities were quite limited.

The stakeholder consultations revealed that the legal and institutional frameworks in place at that time for reporting GHG Inventories, National Communications (NCs) and Biannual Update Reports (BURs) should be strengthened through legislative/regulatory initiatives, taking into account the requirement for more frequent (i.e., on biennial basis) reporting, and the continuing need for enhancing the skills of the national inventory team following the newly available national GHG inventories guidelines (i.e., 2006 IPCC Guidelines). It was recognized that the system in place was project-driven and largely relied on external financing.

Certain difficulties were noted also in the RM with collecting the activity data and ensuring the time series consistency (specifically for the energy, agriculture and waste sectors). In this context, the issue of strengthening the capacity of data providers, specifically of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), to collect the required statistical indices and to provide the activity data (AD) needed to compile the BURs (as of December 2014, on biennial basis), NCs (once in 4 years) and National Inventory Reports (as part of BURs), was envisaged as a priority.

It was concluded that for the normal functioning of the National Inventory System (NIS), NCs and BURs preparation, at least two experts should be trained and available for each inventory sector. Also, the situation when the existing human potential in relevant areas for National GHG Inventories and NCs preparation was lost should be avoided. Additional experts might be nominated to the UNFCCC Roster of Experts, allowing them to gain experience and skills from the exercise of reviewing the Annex I Parties GHG emissions inventories.

During the consultations, it was revealed that while building the national inventory system, it was necessary to take into consideration both, positive and negative experience of some Annex I Parties (specifically, economies in transition from Central and Eastern Europe) in their efforts to set-up NIS and/or

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to redesign already existing NIS, following the Parties commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, which in some cases resulted in failing to operate fully in accordance with the general and specific functions required by the national systems, as defined by Decision 19/CMP.1.

The stakeholder meeting also highlighted the need to build capacity for better coordination, planning and implementation of the LEDS and NAMAs, incl. the associated MRV systems. Moreover, the dialogue platform for LEDS and NAMAs should be enhanced to provide a stronger basis for a continuing interaction with stakeholders. It was also proposed – in line with the provisions of the draft LEDS until 2020 - to update the composition of the National Commission for the implementation and execution of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol mechanisms and provisions, set up through the Government Decision No. 1574 as of 26 December 2003 (here after “National Commission”), in order to ensure a higher political representation of the Government and key ministries, as well as to revise the regulation of respective body, in order for the National Commission to be responsible for monitoring the implementation of LEDS, as well as to consider and approve NAMAs at the national level. This activity was already taken up by the Ministry of Environment as a result of the provisions of the draft LEDS as well as prompted by an ongoing review of “outdated” Government Decisions by the State Chancellery of the Republic of Moldova.

c. LECB contributions to national policy goals, including discussion on INDC and areas of common interest with the LECB project.

The forth GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-2013, was reported as part of the First Biennial Update Report of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC, submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat on 5 of April 2016. First BUR of the Republic of Moldova had two technical annexes, the first being entitled “National Inventory Report: 1990-2013, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova”, while the second “Report on National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System in the Republic of Moldova”. The second technical annex to BUR1 of the Republic of Moldova was fully developed in the frame of EU/UNDP Project “Low Emission Capacity Building Programme – Republic of Moldova”.

It is worth mentioned that the outputs of the Technology Needs Assessment Reports in Mitigation and Adaptation Areas (2011-2013), of the First BUR of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC (2014-2016), Forth National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC (2014-2017), as well as of LECB Programme in the Republic of Moldova (2014-2016) were considered and applied while preparing the Republic of Moldova’s INDC, officially submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat on 25th of September 2015, for being considered in the Paris Agreement.

The Low Emission Capacity Building Programme in the Republic of Moldova has provided full support to the Government of the Republic of Moldova in considering the circumstances and arguments for signing the Paris Agreement, which was signed by the Prime-Minister of the Republic of Moldova at UN meeting in New York on 21st of September 2016. The LECB project provided also support to the MoEN for preparing the draft Law on ratification of the Paris Agreement by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (it is expected being approved in the first quarter of 2017 year).

However, the most relevant contribution of the LECB project to national policy goals in the Republic of Moldova refers however to the revising and updating the draft Low Emissions Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2020 into a new version of the LEDS until 2030. The Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, has been approved by the Government of the Republic of Moldova on 14th December 2016 (http://gov.md/sites/default/files/document/attachments/intr07_97.pdf).

d. Description of country ownership of LECB, including institutional arrangements.

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The LECB Project contributed essentially to the establishing of a national MRV System for LEDS and NAMAs. Below is provided detailed information on this.

Regarding the mitigation activities impact, the key elements of the national MRV system for LEDS and NAMAs manifest themselves through the UNFCCC mechanisms for reporting the effective and projected emissions produced by the country, and through a number of energy efficiency activities and promotion of renewable energy sources, as well as through CDM Projects of the Kyoto Protocol.

In the above context, it is worth mentioned that the national GHG emissions and trends are regularly reported by the Republic of Moldova in its National Communications under the UNFCCC1 (since 2000) and in its National Inventory Reports2 (since 2010). These documents are developed on the basis of studies, researches, reports and surveys undertaken by national consultants of the highest qualification, inclusively experts with international experience in the area of GHG Inventory, Climate Change Mitigation, Climate Modelling, Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments; national experts selected for making calculations and realizing analysis of retroactive information, with responsibilities for development short- and medium-term GHG emissions projection scenarios for each individual gas, category and sector, based on macroeconomic development scenarios of the country.

Additionally, aiming at enhancing transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy of the national inventory of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from sources or removals of carbon dioxide non-regulated by the Montreal Protocol, the Republic of Moldova has recently developed in the frame of LECB Program the "Report on National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System in the Republic of Moldova" using the six templates developed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America (US EPA)3 as a starting point (institutional arrangements; assessment methodologies and data documentation; quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures; archiving system; key categories analysis, and national inventory improvement plan).

As part of the on-going effort to develop a high quality, transparent and credible inventory, in 2005 the Republic of Moldova developed, and is regularly updating the Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan. The key specifics of the QA/QC Plan comprises detailed procedures for Tier 1 (general procedures) and Tier 2 (specific procedures), as well as templates and standard checklists for quality control that serve to standardize the process of implementing the activities for quality insurance and quality control, to ensure the quality of the inventory at national level; also external technical review (audit) carried out by experts who are not directly involved in drafting and development of the national inventory (both national consultants, as well as the international consultants4 included in the UNFCCC Roster of expert5); activity data quality verification, including by comparing sets of data from various sources; planning and coordination of the inventory process at the inter-institutional level; as well as on-going documentation of the national inventory development process.

Regarding the activities focused on reducing GHG emissions, comprising elements of measurement, reporting and verification, the most relevant are:

CDM projects – to-date eight CDM projects were registered in the RM;

1 <http://clima.md/lib.php?l=ro&idc=81&> 2 <http://clima.md/lib.php?l=ro&idc=82&> 3 <www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghginventorycapacitybuilding> 4<http://clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=82&id=3853> <http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3852> 5<http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/roster_of_experts/items/534.php>

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MoSEFF6 program - is one of the largest funded projects in energy efficiency in the country, supported by the EBRD. The eligible projects receive up to 20% of funds as grants, and the outputs are measured, inclusively, in GHG emissions reductions;

MoREEFF7 – an EBRD project supported by the EU and the Swedish government in the buildings sector (similar to MoSEFF);

Energy and Biomass Program8, funded by the EU and UNDP, focuses on installing boilers for heat production in schools, kindergartens and hospitals; UNDP appoints a third-party evaluator;

The National Action Plan for 2013-20209 on energy from renewable sources 2013-2020 sets forth specific figures for substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy and ways for assessing the objectives to be achieved up to 2020;

The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency for 2013-201510 sets forth specific figures regarding reducing power consumption as compared to the baseline scenario for each sector and ways for assessing the objectives to be achieved.

Current MRV Legal and Institutional Framework

The Ministry of Environment (MoEN) is the state authority responsible for the development and promotion of policies and strategies that address environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and biodiversity conservation. The MoEN is responsible for implementing international environmental treaties to which the Republic of Moldova is a Party (including the Rio Conventions). Under MoEN, Climate Change Office (CCO) is responsible for development of National Communications, Biennial Update Reports and the National Inventory Reports. The National Inventory Team of the CCO is responsible for estimating emissions by source and removals by categories of sinks, key sources analysis, quality assurance and quality control activities, uncertainty assessment, documentation and archiving of the information related to GHG inventory preparation process.

The monitoring of pollution, including air pollution, is conducted by the State Environmental Inspectorate (SEI). SEI checks enterprises and installations with potential for environmental pollution, records and intervenes in cases of exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of pollutants, including exhaust gas emissions, but is not including so far, the GHGs, which are not yet covered by the national legislation.

In the RM, the National Commission for the Implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as well as mechanisms and provisions of the Kyoto Protocol (National Commission) is operational, which was established by Government Decision no. 1574 of 26.12.2003, and has a mandate to communicate with UNFCCC and assess CDM projects. The National Commission has no mandate yet to prioritize, evaluate, approve / reject and monitor NAMA related projects and associated MRV systems.

Currently there is no accreditation system yet for monitoring and verification of environmental impact for experts and authorities responsible for monitoring and verification.

Establishing the Institutional Framework for LEDS and NAMA’s MRV System

Following the Bali Action Plan (2007) on implementation of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) in the context of sustainable development, supported and secured on the basis of technology, financing and capacity-building, in a Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable (MRV) manner, the RM has committed to establish an adequate National MRV System, in compliance with subsequent decisions

6 <www.moseff.org> 7 <www.moreeff.org> 8 <www.biomasa.md> 9 GD no. 1073 as of 27.12.2013 10 GD no. 113 as of 07.02.2013

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adopted at COP 16 (Cancun, 2010), COP 17 (Durban, 2011), COP 18 (Doha, 2012), COP 19 (Warsaw, 2013) and COP 20 (Lima, 2014).

To achieve this goal, the country received EU/UNDP support through the Project "Low-Emission Capacity Building Project - Republic of Moldova". With the support of international experts selected by UNDP, the MRV concept associated with NAMA11 projects was developed, to be effectively implemented over the coming years.

The administrative structure for national MRV - NAMA system is shown in the figure below. It comprises the Ministry of Environment, the National Commission, the Technical Committee and the MRV – NAMA team.

Figure 1: The administrative structure for the National MRV – NAMA System

MoEN will hold overall responsibility for the LEDS and NAMAs MRV system, while the National Commission will have the mandate to prioritize, evaluate, approve / reject and monitor NAMA projects are related to MRV systems. The Technical Committee will provide technical support to the National Commission. It will evaluate specific NAMAs, including their MRV component integrated in all phases of the project cycle. The Technical Committee will submit evaluation reports to the National Commission. The Working Group will support the Technical Committee on MRV and NAMA with informal consultations as needed. According to its competencies, the Working Group MRV - NAMA will cover all areas of expertise needed to develop NAMA, being made up of national experts, who will get involved at the request of NAMA beneficiaries, while consultancy relationships will be determined upon free negotiations between the parties. Initially the Working Group MRV-NAMA will be posted in the MoEN, having the support of the Climate Change Office. Later, when Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established in the Republic of Moldova, the Working Group MRV-NAMA might be taken over by EPA.

Domestic MRV System Use

The National MRV System will be focused on the three types of MRV:

11 <http://clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&id=3640&idc=267> <http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&id=3640&idc=267>

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1. MRV of GHG emissions; 2. MRV of LEDS and NAMA projects and activities focused on reducing GHG emissions; 3. MRV of the support obtained from external donors for supported NAMA projects.

MRV for GHG emissions include identifying and/or defining institutional roles and responsibilities clearly spelled out to ensure smooth movement and standardization of information for all entities which develops; reports; and verifies GHG estimates. It is expected the current MRV system of GHG emissions will be further developed and improved by establishing an appropriate regulatory framework.

MRV for LEDS and NAMA projects and activities focused on reducing GHG emissions will be developed for three types of measures:

a) Unilateral NAMA - reducing GHG emissions through nationally appropriate mitigation actions implemented with domestic financial support;

b) NAMA developed with donor support - reducing GHG emissions through nationally appropriate mitigation actions implemented with external financial support;

c) CDM Projects - reducing GHG emissions through carbon financing mechanisms.

To reduce costs and the time of the staff involved in the implementation of the MRV system, NAMA projects will be monitored using templates. In this respect, the regulatory framework will also require periodic filling in of said templates, with updated information about the proposed or on-going NAMAs, which shall be submitted to the Climate Change Office for processing. When the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established, the MRV authorities for unilateral NAMAs will pertain to it. The templates will serve for monitoring of emission reductions for NAMA projects of all categories. However, the NAMA projects of type (b) and (c) will have their own MRV systems, while in the NAMA projects of type (b) the MRV system will be set up by donors. In case of NAMA projects of type (c), the MRV system will comply with UNFCCC requirements. The templates for NAMA projects of type (a) and (b) shall include: data on support obtained for the specific NAMA, such as: financial flows and their impact; transfer of technology and its impact; capacity building and associated impact, etc.

Regarding the process of NAMA approval, whether it has the support of donors, or it of CDM type, it shall be submitted to the National Commission in two stages. First, a concept note on the NAMA project will be sent and in the second stage – the NAMA as such. Both documents will have a chapter on the MRV system. During preparation of the Concept Note of the NAMA project, the beneficiaries will apply to the Working Group MRV-NAMA for advice if needed.

The National Commission, upon evaluation of the NAMA Project Concept Note or of the NAMA project itself, will issue a decision approving or rejecting the document submitted for approval. Schematically, the processing of a NAMA project proposal by the National Commission is shown in Figure 2 below. At the time of the NAMA Project Concept Note approval, it will be decided who will maintain communication with the UNFCCC in order to record the NAMA project.

The regulatory framework for the implementation of the National Concept for MRV-NAMA mentioned above has been developed under the EU/UNDP Project “Low Emission Capacity Building Programme – Republic of Moldova”. Within the same project, of a total number of 136 NAMA proposals, 2 priority NAMAs were selected for each of the seven sectors (power generation, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste) by applying the Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Respectively, of the total of 14 priority NAMAs identified at the first stage four NAMAs have been selected to be developed in detail as full project proposals to be submitted to donors for seeking financial support, and for being registered in the UNFCCC NAMA Register.

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Figure 2: Processing of a NAMA Project Proposal by the National Commission (figures show also sequence of actions)

e. Indicate if there were changes in scope from the Project Document, and why.

No changes were noted in project scope, as compared with the project Document.

2. Summary of Project Outcomes and Outputs

a. Descriptions of outcomes and outputs.

The LECB project consisted of three outcomes:

1) strengthening the institutional and technical capacity of the Republic of Moldova to develop a National Inventory System to support development of national GHG inventories on a regular basis;

2) identify and formulate Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the context of national development; and

3) monitor, verify and report progress on mitigation actions.

The LECB project consisted also of three outputs, each with specific activities and actions that were aligned with the Low Emission Capacity Building Programme and the Republic of Moldova’s low emission development, climate and disaster resilient priorities and needs.

Output 1: Robust institutionalized inventory systems have been established at a national level

The purpose of this component was to support the technical and institutional capacity to develop a National Inventory System that can support the preparation of GHG emission inventories and national communications, including for MRV-related activities, inclusive of further institutionalization of the process, aiming at putting in place a nationally maintained system. This action facilitated the set-up of a system to ensure the long-term sustainability of GHG inventory preparation on a continuous basis. Activities and actions under this component included:

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Activity 1.1: Develop a planning process for building a robust national system for preparation of GHG emission inventories

Action 1.1.1 Establish and maintain during the project implementation a thematic working group on GHG inventory Action 1.1.2 Prepare the work plan for the thematic working group on GHG inventory

Activity 1.2: Strengthen the national capacities for inventory planning

Action 1.2.1 Set-up the National Inventory System of the Republic of Moldova, regulated through a legal act in correspondence with its commitments under the UNFCCC. Action 1.2.2 Revise the ‘Manual of Procedures’, to define and allocate specific responsibilities in the inventory development process, including those relating to the choice of methods, data collection, particularly activity data and emission factors from statistical services and other entities, processing and archiving, QC and QA Action 1.2.3 Revise the QA/QC plan, to describe specific QC procedures to be implemented during the inventory development process, facilitate the overall QA procedures to be conducted, to the extent possible, on the entire inventory and establish quality objectives

Activity 1.3: Strengthen the national capacities for inventory preparation

Action 1.3.1 Targeted training provided to the national institutions and their inventory experts whose role in improving the quality of GHG inventory reporting increased as a result of the improved and further institutionalized system. These specifically include the National Bureau of Statistics, Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Technical University of Moldova, Forest Agency Moldsilva, Forest Research and Management Institute, State Agricultural University of Moldova, specifically their staff responsible for estimating GHG emissions from Energy Sector and GHG emissions and removals from LULUCF Sector.

Activity 1.4: Strengthen the national capacities for inventory management

Action 1.4.1 Develop a database and database management software, based on best international practice, to be used for archiving and tracking of inventory information for each inventory cycle Action 1.4.2 Train the national inventory team in techniques and procedures for archiving inventory information for each inventory cycle

Output 2: NAMAs have been formulated within the context of national development priorities

The purpose of this component was to support the Republic of Moldova to design, implement and evaluate NAMAs and the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova. Activities and actions under this component included:

Activity 2.1: Develop a planning process for formulating NAMAs within the context of national development priorities

Action 2.1.1 Establish and maintain during the project implementation a thematic working group on NAMAs development Action 2.1.2 Prepare the work plan for the thematic working group on NAMAs development Action 2.1.3 Translation of the LEDS into Russian and English in support of the final consultation/approval process and promotion of the Strategy, as well as its subsequent operationalization with support of the LECB Programme

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Activity 2.2: Build capacity to develop, consider and approve NAMAs

Action 2.2.1 Update the BAU scenarios for sectors from which NAMAs were selected Action 2.2.2 Analyze quantitatively the development and climate impacts of considered mitigation scenarios Action 2.2.3 Develop and implement a targeted training programme for the National Commission (or other relevant national body assuming this responsibility) for it to be prepared to assume its additional responsibilities for NAMA consideration and approval assigned to it by the LEDS

Activity 2.3: Identify, prioritize and select NAMAs in key areas/sectors

Action 2.3.1 Identify NAMAs, based on NCs, TNA and LEDS processes Action 2.3.2 Prepare short NAMA fact sheets Action 2.3.3 Present and discuss the developed NAMAs fact sheets with the National Commission for the implementation and execution of UNFCCC and KP mechanisms and provisions and relevant national counterparts and relevant stakeholders Action 2.3.4 Prioritize and select NAMAs proposals to be developed resulting in at least two NAMAs proposals by 2015

Activity 2.4: Develop at least two NAMAs proposals ready for submission for international support

Action 2.4.1 Evaluate sectoral background and existing policies and measures Action 2.4.2 Provide NAMAs description and rational Action 2.4.3 Assess NAMA’s economic and market potential Action 2.4.4 Evaluate implementation barriers Action 2.4.5 Undertake needs assessment and propose interventions Action 2.4.6 Evaluate benefits (emission reductions) and co-benefits Action 2.4.7 Assess the NAMA’s costs and identify financing options for implementation Action 2.4.8 Identify main actors and timeframes

Activity 2.5: Seek Government endorsement of NAMA proposals

Action 2.5.1 Present two full NAMAs proposals to the “National Commission for the implementation and execution of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol mechanisms and provisions” Action 2.5.2 Seek endorsement by the “National Commission” of the supported and/or credited NAMAs proposals Action 2.5.3 Request submission of two supported and/or credited NAMA proposals to the UNFCCC NAMAs Registry

Activity 2.6: Establish and facilitate dialogue platforms for NAMAs

Action 2.6.1 Establish a dialogue platform for stakeholders and interested actors for NAMA development and implementation (i.e., workshops, awareness raising campaigns, trainings, etc.) Action 2.6.2 Prepare a roadmap with short, mid and long-term priorities on supported and credited NAMA development and implementation Action 2.6.3 Disseminate the roadmap to stakeholders and key interested actors and validate it through a broad consultation process

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Output 3: MRV systems have been created to support implementation and evaluation of NAMAs and LEDS

Within this component, the project designed an MRV system for the proposed NAMAs and LEDS. This was done by establishing appropriate monitoring indicators. The focus was on establishing scope, metrics/indicators, reporting mechanisms, verification mechanisms, and timeframes. The priority of the project was the set-up of the MRV and reporting system for unilateral NAMAs, in line with the relevant COP decisions and guidelines; while the MRV system for supported and credited NAMAs are expected be operationalized at the national level, building on the experience and systems in place for CDM projects. This component included the following activities and actions:

Activity 3.1: Develop a planning process for creating MRV systems to support implementation and evaluation of NAMAs, LEDS.

Action 3.1.1 Establish and maintain during the project implementation a thematic working group on MRV systems Action 3.1.2 Prepare the work plan for the thematic working group on MRV systems

Activity 3.2: Build capacity in MRV-related activities in order that high government officials can support country low-emissions pathway.

Action 3.2.1 Build capacity in MRV-related activities in order that high government officials can support implementation of NAMAs and LEDS through workshops, awareness raising campaigns, trainings, etc.

Activity 3.3: Design a MRV system to support the implementation of NIS and NAMAs, and LEDS.

Action 3.3.1 Select appropriate methodologies and monitoring protocols Action 3.3.2 Organize training for the use of protocols and tools Action 3.3.3 Establish and organize a reporting process Action 3.3.4 Select verification bodies Action 3.3.5 Support the official adoption of the designed system

b. Description of outputs that were adjusted from the original scope based on changing needs.

With reference to Output 1 “Robust institutionalized inventory systems have been established at a national level”, the following adjustments were undertaken from the original scope based on changing needs:

Under the Actions 1.2.2 and 1.2.3, instead of revising the ‘Manual of Procedures’ and ‘QA/QC Plan’, the project team decided to develop a single document entitled “Report on National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System in the Republic of Moldova”, comprising 6 chapters: 1. Institutional Arrangements; 2. Methods and Data Documentation; 3. Description of Quality Assurance / Quality Control Plan; 4. Description of the Archiving System; 5. Key Category Analysis; and 6. National Inventory Improvement Plan. The report has been developed in two languages (Romanian and English) (it is available on: http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&id=3839&idc=82) and it is based on US EPA Template Workbook “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System” (it is available on: www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghginventorycapacitybuilding).

Also, under Action 1.4.1, instead of developing a database management software to be used for archiving and tracking of inventory information for each inventory cycle, the project team

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decided use instead the IPCC Inventory Software for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The respective IPCC Inventory Software implements the simplest Tier 1 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and as such is useful to users of all versions of the IPCC Guidelines. The IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) based in Japan is working on making it compatible with the Tier 2 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The reasons for the change is that this software has a number of improvements over earlier software for the Revised 1996 Guidelines, including: (i) standalone software that does not require any additional software or internet access; (ii) covers all inventory categories but can also be used for management of specific sectors, inclusive archiving inventory information from each inventory cycle; (iii) allows different parts of the inventory to be developed simultaneously; (iv) data entry in worksheets following 2006 IPCC Guidelines for ease-of-use; and (v) provides default data from 2006 IPCC Guidelines but gives users the flexibility to use their own country-specific information.

With reference to Output 2 “NAMAs have been formulated within the context of national development priorities”, the following adjustments were undertaken from the original scope based on changing needs:

Due to unpredictable long time required for four revision of the first draft of PDD NAMAs the “Action 2.5.2 Seek endorsement by the “National Commission” of the NAMAs proposals” and “Action 2.5.3 Request submission of two NAMA proposals by the UNFCCC NAMAs Registry” have been transferred from September 2016 to February 2017

According to the initially Moldova LECB project plan approved the Action 2.6.2 “Prepare a roadmap with short, mid and long-term priorities on NAMA implementation” should be carried out after the performing of Actions 2.5.2 and Action 2.5.3. Effectively, Action 2.6.2 was carried out before Actions 2.5.2 and Action 2.5.3 for the following reason: The final text of Road map of NAMAs implementation made up after it was developed and discussed with stakeholders should be part of final documents of PDD NAMAs, i.e. if the initially plan is followed the registered NAMAs would not contain detailed Road map of NAMAs implementation and, what is more, discussed with stakeholders.

With reference to Output 3 “MRV systems have been created to support implementation and evaluation of NAMAs and LEDS”, the following adjustments were undertaken from the original scope based on changing needs:

Due to the absence of the regulatory or expert bases on the NAMA developing and evaluation process, the MRV systems to support NAMA and LEDS should have been adjusted not only with a central legal act but also it was elaborated and completed with sub-legal acts that designed the developing and evaluation process under MRV system for proposed NAMA and LEDS. It was elaborated the documents and drafts that will be used by the developer and evaluators in the projected system.

It were elaborated methodologies for calculation of the GHG emission for different projects from energy, agriculture and forestry sectors. The most important ones according to National Communications on GHG emission.

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The regional trainings and workshops under Action 3.2.1 Build capacity in MRV-related activities in order that high government officials can support implementation of NAMAs and LEDS through workshops, awareness raising campaigns, trainings, etc; was adjusted with a bigger accent on the climate change mitigation and adaptation so that the local experts and authorities can understand the importance and thematic of the proposed instruments and components of MRV system

3. Project Organization and Management Arrangements

a. Names, work titles, organizations, contact information of LECB project team.

The project “Low Emission Capacity Building Project – Republic of Moldova” has been financially supported by European Union, Federal Ministry of Environment Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany, Australian Government and was implemented in the republic of Moldova by UNDP Moldova in partnership with Ministry of Environment and its Climate Change Office.

Contact information:

PhD Vasile Scorpan, Manager of Climate Change Office, Senior Project Manager; E-mails: vasile.scorpan@clima.md or v.scorpan@yahoo.com;

Mr. Marius Taranu, Leader of GHG Inventory Working Group (part-time – 40%); E-mails: marius.taranu@clima.md or tsaranu@yahoo.com;

PhD Ion Comendant, Leader of NAMA Development Working Group (part-time – 40%); E-mail: icomendant@gmail.com.

Mr. Sergiu Ungureanu, Project Manager (part-time – 40%), Leader of MRV System Working Group (part-time – 60%); E-mails: mitigation@clima.md or sergiuungureanu22@gmail.com;

Address:

Climate Change Office, Ministry of Environment, str. Mitropolit Dosoftei 156A, of. 37, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, MD 2004, E-mail: clima@clima.md, Tel/Fax: +373-22-232-247.

b. Organizational structure of the project planning and implementation team.

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Overall Management Arrangements

Figure 1: Management Arrangements for Implementing the LECB Project in the Republic of Moldova

The project was implemented under the National Implementation Mechanism (NIM). National Implementation is a tool to establish and maintain effective national institutions in the context of UNDP’s capacity development mandate. It means that the Government is responsible for the management and delivery of activities to achieve project outputs. For this project this responsibility lie with the Ministry of Environment which assigned the Climate Change Office (CCO) as responsible Party for this project. Government regulations, rules and procedures applied to the project implementation to the extent that they do not contravene to the principles of the Financial Regulations and Rules of UNDP and the partners have been identified to have adequate capacity to apply these. The national partner (CCO) was accountable to UNDP and the Ministry of Environment as representative of the Government of the republic of Moldova. The project has been managed in line with the “Harmonized Approach to Cash Transfer” (HACT). HACT is a common operational

Senior Project Manager

(CCO)

Project Board

Senior Beneficiaries

(incl. MoEcon, MoFin, MoAFI, MoT, National

Bureau of Statistics, NGOs)

Executive

Ministry of Environment

Senior Supplier

UNDP CO

Project Assurance

(UNDP)

Project Organization Structure

TEAM WG 1

GHG Inventories

Team Leader

TEAM WG 3

MRV System

Team Leader

TEAM WG 2

NAMAs development

Team Leader

Project Support

- Senior Team Leader / Project Manager

- Administrative Assistant - Accountant / Financial Ass.

- Admin Assistant

Technical Advisory Board

Ministry of Regional Development and Construction, Energy Efficiency Agency, Institute of Energy of the

ASM, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection

“Nicolae Dimo”, Forest Research and Management Institute, Technical

University of Moldova, Chamber of Industry and Commerce (private sector), NGOs, representatives of

related TA projects

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framework of cash transfers to government and non-government institutions and is the UN system’s response to strengthening national capacities for management and accountability with a view to gradually shifting to utilizing national systems in the context of Government’s increasing interest towards expanding the role of public agencies in implementation of external assistance projects. More specifically it contributed to increasing national capacities to plan, manage, implement, monitor and account for results of programmes and policies as well as to enhance public financial management and procurement systems. The project used the direct cash transfer mechanism (DCT) to transfer funds to the Responsible Party for the obligations and expenditures made by them in support of activities agreed by the Project Board in the Annual Work Plans (AWP). Signed AWP were a pre-requisite for providing funds to the responsible Party (CCO). The project used also Direct Payments by UNDP to vendors (specifically international consultants) and other third parties and UNDP support to National Implementation, specifically at the initiation phase or when justified for smooth implementation of the project.

The adopted project implementation approach contributed to the objective of creating nationally owned and retained capacities and mechanisms, rather than contributing to the continued project driven approach which is dominating activities in this area so far.

The Ministry of Environment, as the Central Public Authority with the mandate to work on climate change policy development and implementation and national focal point under the UNFCCC, acted through its Minister as Senior Executive (National Coordinator) and Chair of the Project Board. The National Coordinator represented the interests of the Government of the Republic of Moldova and was responsible for overseeing project implementation, while closely coordinating with all other relevant line Ministries and regional/local authorities.

The main decision making body for the project will be the Project Board, which will include representatives of the main relevant stakeholders, target groups, beneficiaries, and implementers.

UNDP Country Office

The UNDP Country Office and the UNDP LECB Global Support Unit were responsible for substantive guidance, technical backstopping and quality assurance; providing project inputs (specifically recruitment of international consultants as required) and support services (the extent of which was determined by the Capacity Assessment for Project Implementation of the proposed Responsible Party); providing financial services to the project; overseeing financial expenditures against project budgets approved by Project Board; timely reporting to the donor agency; coordination within the sector. Implementation Support Services (direct project costs) were charged according to the established Universal Price List (UPL). The assurance activities undertaken by UNDP were guided by the results of a standardized assessment of the partner’s financial management and procurement systems (“HACT Micro-Assessment”, finalized as part of project preparation). These activities included spot-checks, special audits, regular programmatic monitoring of activities and results, as well as scheduled audits. As the “HACT Micro-Assessment” for financial and procurement management capacities concluded with medium and high risk ratings respectively, UNDP was putting in place targeted capacity development activities and an assurance plan with activities monitored on a quarterly basis together with the requirement to develop and approve quarterly work plans by the Project Board as basis for cash transfers.

While project assurance was the responsibility of each PB member, UNDP assumed the overall project assurance role in support of the PB by carrying out objective and independent project

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oversight and monitoring functions, and ensured that appropriate project management milestones are managed and completed.

Project Board

The Project Board (PB) provided the overall guidance and direction in implementing the project with the full cooperation of all the PB members from relevant government and sectoral stakeholders and beneficiaries.

The PB was supposed met on quarterly basis during the course of the project (in fact there were organized 7 meetings of the PB during the course of the project). The PB was responsible for making management decisions for the project.

Based on the approved Annual Work Plan (AWP), the PB reviewed and approved quarterly work plans and authorized any major deviations.

The PB was the authority that signed off on the completion of each quarterly (in some cases, of half-year) plan as well as authorized the start of the next quarterly (half-year) plan. It ensured that required resources were committed.

In addition, it approved the responsibilities of the Project Manager and any delegation of its Project Assurance responsibilities. Formal minutes were prepared and adopted for each meeting of the PB, detailing any proposals made and decisions taken.

The PB composition took into consideration the results of the stakeholder consultation process and the recommendations of each participating institution and was composed of representatives of the following institutions:

Chair:

Mr. Valeriu MUNTEANU, Minister of Environment, National Coordinator.

Members:

1. Mr. Stefan LILLER, Deputy Resident, UNDP Moldova 2. Ms. Angela ȚURCANU, Senior Consultant, Direction for Policy Analysis, Monitoring and

Evaluation, Ministry of Economy. 3. Ms. Marcela STAHI, Senior Consultant, Agricultural Production Quality Service, Ministry of

Agriculture and Food Industry. 4. Mr. Iurie NASTAS, Head of the Service for financing the national economy, Ministry of

Finance. 5. Mr. Andrei CUCULESCU, Head of Direction for road infrastructure development, Ministry of

Transport and Road Infrastructure. 6. Ms. Ludmila LUNGU, Head of Environmental Statistics Service, National Bureau of Statistics. 7. Ms. Ioana BOBÎNĂ, Director of the center for information and coordination, Moldavian

Environmental Movement (NGO).

The PB meetings were considered valid if a simple majority (at least 4) of its members attend the meeting.

The Chair of the Project Board ensured national ownership and the effective and efficient steering of the project towards outcomes and outputs that are of relevance and interest to the Republic of Moldova.

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Technical Advisory Board

A Technical Advisory Board was established to facilitate effective and quality implementation and coordination of the project. It was composed of representatives of the following organizations:

1. Veronica Lopotenco, Senior Consultant, Ministry of Environment; 2. Dragomir Silvia, Senior Consultant, Ministry of Regional Development and Construction; 3. Serghei Jomiru, Senior Consultant, Ministry of Economy; 4. Grigorii Capustin, Ministry of Information Technology and Communications; 5. Andrei Dragancea, Ministry of International Affairs and European Integration; 6. Veronica Onesciuc, Civil Aeronautical Authority of the Republic of Moldova; 7. Angela Turcanu, Head of Service, Custom Service; 8. Alexei Negrescu, Deputy-Head, Agency for Land Resources and Cadasters; 9. Anatolie Tarita, Head of Ozon Office, Ministry of Environment; 10. Mihai Tirsu, Director, Institute of Energy of the ASM; 11. Tamara Leah, Deputy-Director, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection

“Nicolae Dimo”; 12. Ion Talmaci, deputy-Director, Forest Research and Management Institute; 13. Ion Sobor, professor, Energy Faculty, Technical University of Moldova; 14. Denis Tumuruc, Deputy-Head, Agency for Energy Efficiency; 15. Lilia Curchi, Moldavian Environmental Movement (NGO).

The Advisory Board composition was amended and extended as required during the course of the project and technical sub-groups were established when needed. It met when consultations with a wider group of stakeholders and interested parties was needed to facilitate project decisions and implementation.

Responsible Party

On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Moldova, the Ministry of Environment (MoEN) was responsible and accountable for managing the project at the highest level, including the monitoring and evaluation of project interventions in achieving project outputs.

The Climate Change Office has acted as the Responsible Party on behalf of the Ministry of Environment. CCO was providing procurement, finance, human resources, technical and other services necessary to produce the outputs of the project, and facilitated coordination and monitoring during the entire project cycle. In providing the services the CCO ensured full compliance with the relevant national procurement and finance procedures and regulations, proper maintenance of the project designated account and project accounting records, management of funds flow, preparation of quarterly and annual project financial and progress reports. UNDP commissioned scheduled independent financial audits of the project accounts in line with UNDP policies and procedures. Next to financial aspects the scope of audits of national partners covered also a systematic assessment of the partner’s processes as well as generated recommendations for capacity development of the partner.

The project was managed in line with the Harmonized Approach to Cash Transfers (HACT), including Direct Cash Transfers to the Responsible Party, and UNDP support to national implementation. The Direct Cash Transfer (DCT) mechanism implied that funds for implementation were transferred to the Responsible Party to the bank account opened for the project and managed according to the provisions of the Moldovan legislation. The replenishments to this account was done usually on a

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quarterly basis (in some case on half-year basis) by UNDP upon receipt of the financial report (FACE form) signed by the Implementing Partner (Ministry of Environment). The funds advanced to the project were used for the activities and inputs stated in the annual work plan (AWP) and approved quarterly work plans. The PB approved annual work plans (AWPs), quarterly work plans (in some cases also half-year work plans) and budget revisions. In order to ensure UNDP’s ultimate accountability, PB’s decisions were made in accordance to standards that ensured best value for money, fairness, integrity, transparency and effective international competition.

The Project Management Team (PMT) was headed by the Senior Project Manager (SPM) from the CCO of the MoEN – Mr. Vasile Scorpan, Manager of Climate Change Office. The Senior Project Manager liaised and worked closely with all partner institutions to link the project with complementary national programmes and initiatives. The Senior Project Manager was accountable to the Ministry of Environment and UNDP for the quality, timeliness and effectiveness of the activities carried out, as well as for the use of funds. UNDP participated as well in the recruitment process and selection of project personnel. The SPM was assisted by Administrative Assistant (AS) and Accountant/Financial Assistant (FA).

The SPM had the authority to run the project on a day-to-day basis on behalf of the EA and the NSC within the policies and guidelines set by the NSC. The Climate Change Office hired three Team Leaders (TLs) and a certain number of Source Leads (SLs) and international and national consultants, to help in delivering the Project Outputs. Experts including on GHG inventory; NAMAs/LEDS; MRV systems; information technology; promotion and knowledge management; training and capacity development; monitoring, evaluation and audit, comprised the team of national consultants.

The MRV Systems Team Leader has been designated as Project Manager (PM) (part-time, 40%) and assisted the SPM with the technical coordination of the three Thematic Working Groups (TWGs) in their respective areas and in the cross-cutting activities and operating concerns for the project. The PM assisted in progress reporting and communication and was able to represent the entire technical range of activities covered by the project in national and international fora as required.

Three TWGs were established to facilitate the determination of the final methodologies, framework and strategies delivered under the Project.

The WGs were recorded to ensure technical soundness and logical consistency of outputs with current policies and programs on climate change mitigation in the three key result areas of the project:

TWG 1: GHG Inventories TWG 2: NAMAs development TWG 3: MRV Systems

c. Partnerships and collaboration: description, information of key partners and effectiveness.

The Project was implemented by UNDP Moldova in partnership with the Climate Change Office under the Ministry of Environment.

UNDP Moldova was assigned with a leading role for technical assistance on environment and energy, including climate change adaptation and mitigation. It had a strong comparative advantage and long track record of projects in renewable energy, disaster and climate risk management, and sustainable regional, local and urban development. In recent years, a specific focus was put on providing support to policy development in the area of climate change and disaster risk

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management, assisting the development of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Low Emission Development Strategy and National Disaster Risk Management Strategy. This was complemented by capacity development at all relevant levels and implementation of demonstration projects at the regional and local level in partnership with Local Public Authorities, non-governmental organizations, micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises, financial institutions and other private sector actors. UNDP had also experience in managing Small Grants Schemes for NGOs and Local Authorities.

The Environment and Energy Programme of UNDP Moldova managed in the recent years a portfolio of US$ 25 million, consisting of two full-time dedicated staff, namely, an International Assistant Resident Representative on Environment and Energy who has more than 10 years of professional experience with a specific focus on climate change and a Programme Associate with extensive experience in environment protection and financial supervision of UNDP-supported projects. The Environment and Energy Programme was supported by a well capacitated Service Center, Finance and Operations Unit, with 12 specialized staff members, supporting project implementation with all aspects related to human resource management, finance, procurement, travel and logistics.

Additionally, UNDP Moldova brought to this project not only its own expertise and capacity, but also the expertise, knowledge and best practices from the region, made available through the LECB Global Support Unit and Regional Technical Advisors and Regional Centre and collaboration with other UNDP offices globally and specifically from Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries.

The Climate Change Office (CCO) was established in 2004 by the former Ministry of Ecology, Construction and Territorial Development by Order no. 21 of 21 February 2004. While the Ministry of Environment continues to be the founder of the CCO, the Office was legally registered at the Chamber of Registration in October 2008 with the mandate to support the Ministry of Environment in implementing Moldova’s commitments under the UNFCCC, ratified through the Law No. 404-XIII from 16.03.1995 and Kyoto Protocol, ratified through the Law 29-XV from 13.02.2003.

More specifically, the main tasks of the Climate Change Office include: (a) logistical support to the Government, central and local public administrations, NGO’s and educational establishments in the activities implemented and promoted by the Republic of Moldova under UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol; and (b) implementation of Climate Change projects and programmes, focused on the assessment of greenhouse gases by source and sink categories and producing the National Inventory Reports; development and implementation of mitigation projects; development and implementation of the climate change adaptation projects; evaluation of biological and socio-economic climate change impacts; ensuring cooperation, promotion and implementation of the activities and projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol; and implementation and facilitation of awareness raising and information activities aimed at civil society, professionals and decision-makers on climate change related issues.

The role of CCO is also specified also within the Government Decision No. 141 dated 24.02.2014 on creating the energy statistical system. Thus, Chapter 2.1, Paragraph 3(h) notes that the Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment is responsible for developing national inventories of direct (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6) and indirect greenhouse gases (NOx, CO, NMVOC and SO2), originated from six sectors (Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvents and Other Products Use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste).

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The Climate Change Office has a long-standing experience in the sector being directly involved in the ongoing international Climate Change negotiation process in its function as Secretariat of the National Commission for the implementation of the UNFCCC. The Climate Change Office was engaged in the whole process of development of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Low Emission Development Strategy, as national partner, including the facilitation of the inter-ministerial working group.

The Climate Change Office had adequate capacity for externally funded projects implementation. It had 2 staff members and part-time team members with relevant technical, project management, financial and procurement background. The office is fully externally funded (no core funding assigned by the state budget/Ministry of Environment), i.e. all operational and staff costs are covered from implemented projects (usually 3-5 projects are implemented in parallel). Additional technical needs for project outputs is covered as required from the pool of around 50 national consultants who are part-time affiliated with the CCO. The pool of experts consists of acknowledged professionals with high level of expertise in their respective domain.

In terms of project management, the CCO has a track record of successfully implemented Technical Assistance projects financed through Global Environment Facility, UNDP, UNEP, European Commission, UNIDO, UNECE and others. Mr. Vasile Scorpan (PhD), the Manager of the Office, has been coordinating most of the projects since its establishment in 2004.

d. Provide a general timeline for the project, tracking when the project began, major events, etc.

The project “Low Emission Capacity Building Project – Republic of Moldova” has been initiated officially on 13 of February 2014, when the project document has been signed by UNDP CO, MoEN and CCO; however, the project management team was hired only since 1st of April 2014, which is considered the actual date of project start.

Initially, the project was supposed be finalized by 30th of September 2016, but due to late start the Project Board and the LECB Global Support Unit, respectively the UNDP office in New York approved it prolongation until the 31st of December 2016.

The launching national workshop took place on 29th of May 2014, while the final national workshop was organized on 20th of January 2017.

4. Results and Achievements

a. Results for each project outcome.

As stated above, the LECB project consisted of three outcomes:

1) strengthening the institutional and technical capacity of the Republic of Moldova to develop a National Inventory System to support development of national GHG inventories on a regular basis;

2) identify and formulate Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the context of national development; and

3) monitor, verify and report progress on mitigation actions.

Below are presented the main results of each project outcome.

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Outcome 1: Strengthening the institutional and technical capacity of the Republic of Moldova to develop a National Inventory System to support development of national GHG inventories on a regular basis

The main purpose of the project in the area of GHG Inventory was to support the technical and institutional capacity to develop a National Inventory System that can support the preparation of GHG emission inventories and national communications, including for MRV-related activities, inclusive of further institutionalization of the process, aiming at putting in place a nationally maintained system. This was supposed facilitating the set-up of a system to ensure the long-term sustainability of GHG inventory preparation on a continuous basis.

The main results obtained are as following:

1) The National Inventory System regulated through a legal act in correspondence with the Republic of Moldova’s commitments under the UNFCCC.

It has been developed a draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change.

It partially transposes the Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting (MMR) greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC and take into consideration the COP 21 outcomes, specifically referring to the new reporting requirements under the Article 13 of the Paris Agreement.

On 22nd of December 2016 it was organized a national public consultations workshop of respective legal act (http://clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=4008).

Forty-three participants representing various stakeholders of the National Inventory System and relevant data providers attended the public consultations workshop, providing valuable comments and improvement proposals.

After the workshop, the national inventory team considered the received comments and improvement proposals and finalized the final draft of the Government Decision.

The draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change and the Information Note to the Draft Government Decision are available for being consulted in two languages (Romanian and English) on Climate Change Office website (http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=276&id=4022).

After the project finalization, the Climate Change Office will provide to the Ministry of Environment the final versions of respective documents, supplemented by the Compatibility Table of the Draft Governmental Decision with will the Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013.

Ministry of Environment will further promote the approval of the respective decision by the Government of the Republic of Moldova during 2017 year.

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2) The national capacities for inventory planning strengthened through setting-up the National Inventory System.

The national GHG inventory working group adapted into Romanian language the US EPA Template Workbook “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System” (the electronic version is available on: www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghginventorycapacitybuilding).

The adapted template workbook (in Romanian language it is entitled: Ghid practic pentru utilizatori “Dezvoltarea Sistemului national de inventariere a emisiilor de gaze cu effect de sera”) was published in the national language in a limited edition (115 ex.). The e-version of the workbook is available on CCO website (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=267&id=3711). The workbook was distributed and is being used by the national GHG inventory experts, data providers and other interested institutions in building their capacities for development of a national GHG inventory.

Based on this adapted template workbook, it was developed and published in two languages (Romanian and English) the “Report on the National GHG Inventory System of the Republic of Moldova” (it is available on CCO website: http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3839). Information provided in the Report is based on the most recent information used in the latest inventory cycle for development of the “National Inventory Report: 1990-2013, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova” (http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3829).

The Report provides complete documentation of every major component related to the inventory management process in the Republic of Moldova on anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by sources and removals by sinks, which are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol.

The advantages of using the predefined templates (adapted to national conditions of the Republic of Moldova) are as follows:

• They standardize the tasks to be achieved, which allows a comparative analysis of national inventory systems and a comparison and review of data from different countries;

• They ensure understanding of roles and responsibilities; • They are adapted to different levels of national capacity; • They provide an objective and effective system for identifying priorities for future

improvements; • They serve as guideline and starting point for the national team in the development of future

national GHG inventories; • They help the national team to apply the Good Practice Guidebook and management of

uncertainties in emission inventories of national greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC, 2000), Good Practice Guidebook for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector (IPCC, 2003), 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Emission Inventories of GHG emissions (IPCC, 2006) and other guidance of the UNFCCC on development of national GHG inventories;

• They ensure transparency in matters relating to the operation of the National Inventory System in the Republic of Moldova; and

• They facilitate the improvement of the inventory over time.

The six predefined templates for the development of the National Inventory System are as follows:

1. Institutional Arrangements for the National Inventory System (IA) – assist the national inventory team to assess and document strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional arrangements in developing the national inventory of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gas by sources and

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removals by sinks, ensure its continuity and integrity, promote the inventory institutionalization process and facilitate the prioritization of future improvements.

2. Methods and Data Documentation (MDD) – assist national inventory team in documentation and communication of the origin of the methodology used, of activity data sets and emission factors used to estimate future GHG emissions or removals; the future national teams inventory will be able to refer to the template completed for each source and sink category to determine what information was collected, how the data were obtained and what calculation methods were used, and to reproduce estimates of GHG emissions.

3. Description of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) – guides the national entity responsible for managing the national inventory system in creating a Plan for Quality Assurance and Quality Control in a cost-effective manner to improve transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy of the national inventory of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases from sources and sinks not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; the template includes checklists with recommended QA / QC procedures that are suitable for staff with management responsibility, such as the Inventory Coordinator, QA/QC Coordinator, as well as sectorial coordinators.

4. Description of the Archiving System (AS) – an archiving system is a relatively inexpensive component, but particularly important for a sustainable national inventory system; the archiving system allows for easy reproduction of estimates, ensures avoiding loss of data and information and facilitates further development of inventories by staff involved in the inventory process.

5. Key Category Analysis (KCA) – identifies sources or sinks that contributing the most to the total national emissions and therefore it constitutes a priority objective for improvement efforts. KCA tools and template are consistent with IPCC Guidelines.

6. National Inventory Improvement Plan (NIIP) – is a summary of conclusions on capacity building needs and it describe specific priorities for future activities based on the capacity needs identified following completion of the first five templates; the plan facilitates continual inventory improvements.

3) The national capacities for inventory preparation strengthened through quality assurance activities and targeted training programs.

There were undertaken two peer-reviews of the national GHG inventory, specifically for Energy and LULUCF sectors, available on the website of Climate Change Office:

“Report on the Technical Review of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the Republic of Moldova - Energy Sector” (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3852);

“Report on the Technical Review of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the Republic of Moldova - LULUCF Sector” (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=82&id=3853).

The respective peer-review reports provided conclusions on the quality of national GHG Inventory and came with a long list of potential improvements in the Energy and LULUCF Sectors, aimed on ensuring a better transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy of the national inventory of the Republic of Moldova. The improvement proposals identified by the international experts have been prioritized by the national inventory team and considered in full extent in the National Inventory Improvement Plan to be implemented in the next inventory cycles.

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In addition, there were organized a range of targeted training workshops provided to the national institutions and their inventory experts, specifically in the Energy and LULUCF sectors. These institutions included: National Bureau of Statistics, Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Technical University of Moldova, Forest Agency Moldsilva, Forest Research and Management Institute, State Agricultural University of Moldova, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection “Nicolae Dimo” Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Environmental Pollution Prevention Office of the Ministry of Environment, Ozone Office of the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment.

Dr. Veronika Ginzburg, Russian Federation, International Consultant – Technical Reviewer of National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories – Energy Sector, provided two training workshops:

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Energy Sector, held since 2 to 5 of November 2015 (http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=93&id=3803);

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Energy Sector, held since 23 to 25 November 2015 (http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3817);

Dr. Viorel Blujdea, Romania, International Consultant – Technical Reviewer of National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories – LULUCF Sector, provided two training workshops:

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - LULUCF Sector, held since 26 to 29 of October 2015 (http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3792);

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - LULUCF Sector, held since 25 to 27 November 2015 (http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3818).

4) The national capacities for inventory management strengthened through targeted thematic trainings and learning how to use the most recent inventory software developed by IPCC.

There were organized targeted thematic trainings focused on instructing the national team of inventory experts how to use the most recent inventory software developed by IPCC.

Mr. Atsushi Sato (Japan), International Trainer in Applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – AFOLU Sector, provided a hands-on training in June 2016.

Hands-on training workshop on applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – AFOLU Sector, held since 7 to 9 of June 2016. Detailed information of hands-on training agenda and outcomes are available on: http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=3953&idc=93. Eleven national experts in GHG inventory, representing various institutions (Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment, Forest Research and Development Institute of the “Moldsilva” Agency, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection “Nicolae Dimo” of the Academy of

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Sciences of Moldova and the State Agricultural University of Moldova) have participated to respective hands-on training workshop.

Mr. Jongikhaya Witi (South Africa), International Trainer in Applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – Energy, IPPU and Waste Sectors, provided a hands-on training in June 2016.

Hands-on training workshop on applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use and Waste Sectors, held since 20 to 22 of June 2016. Detailed information of the hands-on training agenda and outcomes are available on the: http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=3954&idc=93. Twelve national experts in GHG inventory, representing various institutions (Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment, Ozone Office of the Ministry of Environment, Environment Pollution Prevention Office of the Ministry of Environment, Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Technical University of Moldova and “TERMOELECTRICA” JSC) have participated to respective hands-on training workshop.

As result of respective targeted two hands-on training workshops provided in June 2016, the targeted audience (members of the national GHG inventory team) have been provided with an overview of how emissions inventories are developed for the Energy, IPPU, AFOLU and Waste Sectors following the simplest Tier 1 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; have had a general understanding of the tier methods available, as well as of the main challenges in those particular areas; were able to determine which tier methods suits the Republic of Moldova’s situation best; were able to understand where to find more detailed information on the topics discussed; and have been initiated how to apply the latest IPCC Inventory Software for developing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The members of the national GHG inventory team have been instructed also how to develop and manage inventory database, respectively how to archive and track inventory information after finalization of each inventory cycle.

Mr. Viorel Blujdea (Romania), International Consultant in National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories – Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector, provided two hands-on trainings in the second half of 2016 year. Six national experts in GHG inventory, representing various institutions (Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment, Forest Research and Development Institute of the “Moldsilva” Agency, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection “Nicolae Dimo” of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and the State Agricultural University of Moldova) have participated to respective hands-on trainings.

Hands-on training workshop on developing a database and a land use matrix to be used for developing the national GHG inventory, held since 15 to 17 June 2016. Under the supervision of the GHG Inventory Coordinator, and in close cooperation with the LULUCF sector lead and national consultants, the international consultant leaded the process of (i) designing the structure and content of the database, as well as of the land use matrix afferent to the LULUCF sector, in accordance with the reporting requirements defined in the IPCC 2006 Guidelines and in the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement); (ii) defining and

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developing a detailed representation of land use categories with clear explanation on how to implement the land use categories classification in the Republic of Moldova, by considering the national circumstances and existing statistical system in place; (iii) elaborating the list of data needed for being collected for the development of the database and land use matrix covering the 1970-2015 period; (iv) drafting the survey and questionnaire forms, by institutions, referring to the data and information to be collected for developing the database and the land use matrix for the period 1970-2015; (v) developing the database and the land use matrix to be used within the LULUCF sector, covering the period 1970-2015.

Hands-on training workshop on developing a database and a land use matrix to be used for developing the national GHG inventory, held since 10 to 13 October 2016. Under the supervision of the GHG Inventory Coordinator, and in close cooperation with the LULUCF sector lead and national consultants, the international consultant leaded the process of finalizing the database and the land use matrix covering the 1970-2015 period.

As result of respective two hands-on trainings provided in June and October 2016, the targeted audience (the LULUCF sector inventory team members) have been able to collect the needed activity data and national-specific parameters, requested for building an inventory database and land use matrix covering the 1970-2015 period, to be used for developing the national GHG inventory for 1990-2015 time-series, in accordance with the reporting requirements defined in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

Outcome 2: Identify and formulate Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the context of national development

The main purpose of the project in the area of NAMAs development was to support the Republic of Moldova to design, implement and evaluate NAMA proposals and the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova.

According to LECBP Output 2: “NAMAs have been formulated within the context of national development priorities”, the following main outcomes have been planned:

A. Develop at least two NAMAs proposal registered into UNFCCC NAMA Registry for international support

B. Build capacity to develop, consider and approve NAMAs

In this respect the following results have been achieved:

A. Instead of at least two planned, four detailed NAMAs have been prepared and registered into UNFCCC NAMA Registry for international support, as follows:

1. Waste to Energy (WTE) NAMA in Republic of Moldova (NAMA1), 104 pages;

2. Promotion of small CHPs in The Republic of Moldova (NAMA2), 81 pages ;

3. Promoting Energy Efficient Lighting in the Republic of Moldova (NAMA3), 88 pages;

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4. Afforestation of degraded land, riverside areas and protection belts in the Republic of Moldova (NAMA4), 91 pages.

All these NAMAs are available on http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=4024&idc=94 and http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/SitePages/Home.aspx, being developed based on UNDP Template.

In order to elaborate these NAMAs: two international experts, four national consultants (responsible for developing the overall NAMA) and 7 national experts responsible for assistance in data collection and drafting concrete chapters of NAMAs have been hired.

Carbon Partners Asiatica Co., Ltd., International Consultant, was responsible for drafting NAMA1 (Waste) and offering assistance on budgeting methodology, conservative cash flow model elaboration and financial structure for NAMA2 (only for first draft of this NAMA). Because the demonstration small CHP project from PDD NAMA was replaced from “Thermohouse” SRL to Falesti Hospital site, the following version of NAMA2 (starting with second up to final, fourth version) have been developed by NC, including the chapters devoted to budgeting, cash flow and financial structure.

Gesine Haensel, International Consultant, was responsible for drafting NAMA3 (Lighting) and NAMA4 (Afforestation).

Anderi Sula and Ion Comendant, National Consultants, were responsible for drafting NAMA 2 (CHP).

All four NAMAs suffered four reductions, the final version being submitted for approval to National Commission and registered into UNFCCC NAMA Registry, available on http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/SitePages/Home.aspx .

In order to develop these PDD NAMA, Moldova LECBP NAMA team started with the development of BAU scenarios for the sectors from which the NAMA should be selected for further detailed consideration. BAU should serve as landmark for calculation of GHG emission reduction from future NAMAs selected implementation. Than the National Consultants (NC) have been encourage to propose mitigation measures for the long list of possible NAMAs projects having in mind the lasts should be in compliance with the country sustainable development strategies. A total number of 136 mitigation measures have been submitted from all seven sectors considered: Energy, Building, Transport, Industry, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste. It was decided to use Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to select at least two NAMAs for their detailed development. A special Excel spreadsheet (Tool) was developed by Team Leader Ion Comendat and exposed for training to NC. NC have been required to select two NAMAs per each sector using this Tool. The following NAMAs have been chosen:

Sector NAMA selected

Energy 1. Implementation of power plants based on municipal solid waste (WTE) 2. The construction of cogeneration power plants based on internal combustion

engines and gas turbines of more than 1 MW power capacity

Building 3. Incandescent bulbs replacement with one energy-efficient type LED 4. The implementation of Stirling engines of 1-5 kWe power capacity based on solid biomass in rural areas

Transport 5. Biodiesel production 6. Bus Rapid Tranzit systems

Industry 7. Substitution of SF6 and HFC-134a by Novec 612

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8. Cement production line distinguished by low GHG emission and waste heat recovery

Agriculture 9. Mini-Till soil cultivation system with preliminary positive recovery of the post-arable layer and use of vetch as intermediary crop for green fertilizer. 10. The No-Till soil cultivation system with preliminary positive recovery of the post-arable layer and use of vetch as intermediary crop for green fertilizer

Afforestation 11. Afforestation of zones and strips served for protection from water of rivers and basins 12. Extension of forested areas

Waste 13 Construction MSW regional landfill and transfer stations in the Region 5 - Ungheni, Nisporeni, Calarasi 14. Development of primary collection and waste disposal in urban and rural areas.

In the next step, based on new arguments, NC have been invited to select one best NAMA per each sector from two above already selected, except for Energy and Waste sector. For these last sectors the NAMA „The construction of cogeneration power plants based on internal combustion engines and gas turbines of more than 1 MW power capacity” and „Construction MSW regional landfill and transfer stations in the Region 5 - Ungheni, Nisporeni, Calarasi” had been selected to be developed in detail much earlier. The decision was dictated by Asiatica (International Consultant) schedule on developing in time-restricting terms one full NAMA and some parts of one more NAMA in Moldova LECB project. The abovementioned two NAMAs correspond to ones prioritized in Moldova Technology Need Assessment project (http://unfccc.int/ttclear/tna/reports.html).

The result is shown in the table below:

Sector NAMA selected

Building 3. Incandescent bulbs replacement with one energy-efficient type LED

Transport 6. Bus Rapid Tranzit systems

Industry 8. Cement production line distinguished by low GHG emission and waste heat recovery

Agriculture 9. Mini-Till soil cultivation system with preliminary positive recovery of the post-arable layer and use of vetch as intermediary crop for green fertilizer.

Afforestation 12. Extension of forested areas

As it was mentioned above, Moldova team decided to develop four detailed NAMA instead of at least two planned according to Moldova LECB project. Since two already have been selected earlier, two others should be selected from those five specified in the table above. In order to do that on March 27, 2015 a training workshop on appraisal, approval and monitoring NAMAs and LEDS was organized, where NC were invited to describe their sector’s best NAMAs, having in mind the five NAMAs are in competition for best two. Seven criteria were used in the exercise of selection two NAMAs, based on MCDA: importance for the country; investments needed; O&M costs; GHG emission reduction; Social, economic and environmental impact; the level of NAMA preparation for implementation; institutional and legal enabling for implementation. 20 workshop participants took part into the scoring of criteria per each NAMA. The NAMA winners had been the following:

1. Extension of forested areas;

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2. Replacing incandescent bulbs with energy efficient LED bulbs.

Before start the development of detailed NAMAs the lasts had to be approved by National Commission. Two workshops were organized to reach this target. First on December 19, 2014 – a training programme for the National Commission for it to be prepared to assume its additional responsibilities assigned to it by the LEDS; the second - on June 1, 2015, it having an extension target to approve 2 additional NAMA selected for further detailed consideration. All four NAMAs have been approved by National Commission for detailed development.

First draft of all NAMAs have been presented for consultation with stakeholders at Workshop in Chisinau from April 19-21, 2016, “Workshop and training. Presentation and consultation of the First draft of PDD NAMAs developed. Site visits with stakeholders”. The comments received during the workshop and after have been considered into the following drafts of PDD Reports. In particular, NAMA2 (CHP) was finally redeveloped based on new demonstration CHP project recommended, located at Falesti public Hospital, replacing the demonstration CHP from Chisinau Municipality which, in the first draft of NAMA PDD, was planned to be built at “Thermohouse” SRL site, a private company, supplying heat to 20 living blocks in the district Melestiu, a region of Chisinau. The stakeholders contributed in the revision of NAMA names, as well recommending enlarging the field of NAMA application, covering all the country. All these stakeholders’ interventions and many other valuable advices have been taken into consideration further.

An intensive dialog was maintained between International Consultants and NC to reach the target of the LECB Project.

During NAMAs revision a very important assistance was provided by James Vener, Technical Specialist, LECBP Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction, Bureau for Policy and Programme Support, UNDP, which came with valuable comments and recommendations on NAMA design document improvement.

Having additional support of James Vener and UNDP financial contribution NAMA4 (Afforestation) was designed in a format for printing, available on http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=4024&idc=94

The portfolio of investments needed to implement the NAMAs elaborated is as follows, Euro:

NAMA TOTAL

Donors' contribution National:

Total Grant Concesional loan Budget, Beneficiaries,

ESCO

Waste (NAMA1) 14 7.8 0.8 7 6.2

CHP (NAMA2) 22 14 3.2 10.8 7.9

Lighting (NAMA3) 192 90.5 10.6 79.9 101.5

Afforestation (NAMA4) 116.7 85.5 85.5 0 31.2

TOTAL 344.7 197.8 100.1 97.7 146.9

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The performances of NAMAs’ elaborated are presented in the table below

NAMA

Total GHG emission

reduction, MtCO2

GHG reduction per year by 2030, MtCO2

Conditional INDC, (1990 minus 2030)

Sustanable Development Indicators

Objective, MtCO2

NAMAs' contribution, %

Waste (NAMA1)

3.39 0.095 2.5 4 MW; Heals improved; New job creation

CHP (NAMA2)

1.04 0.041 1.1

20 MW new PP; cost reduction by 4,4 mil $/year, 32% energy efficiency increase; new job creation

Lighting (NAMA3)

4.58 0.327 8.6

60% electricity consumption reduction; cost reduction by 64 mil $/year; 4000 new job creation, etc.

Afforestation (NAMA4)

5.15 0.284 7.4 Soil erosion removing; new job creation, etc

TOTAL 14.16 0.748 3.814 19.6

From the tables above is seen that the NAMAs elaborated may contribute with 19.6% to reach the country conditional (I)NDC. In order to implement these four NAMAs a total of Euro 344.7 million is required, including: Donors’ support in form Euro 100.1 million grant and Euro 97.7 million concessional loan; Euro 146.9 million come from Budget, Beneficiaries and ESCO.

All abovementioned final NAMAs have been approved by National Commission in its meeting from …January 2017 and then registered in UNFCC NAMA Registry on http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/SitePages/Home.aspx

B. In order to build capacity to develop, consider and approve NAMAs the following actions have been undertaken:

Based on experience accumulated by LECB NAMA Team during the project implementation process, a

total of 8 workshops and trainings were organized and devoted to capacity building on NAMA

developing. At each meeting around 20-50 participants attended the event, including at:

I. May 28-29, 2014. “Workshop: Launching the Low Emission Capacity Building Project in the Republic of Moldova”;

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II. December 19, 2014 (National Commission). “Workshop. NAMA as a priority mechanism in contribution to mitigating climate change and in attracting donor support”

III. December 29, 2014. “Workshop and training. NAMA selection”

IV. March 27, 2015. “Training. Criteria and MCDA for NAMA selection”

V. June 1, 2015 (National Commission). “Workshop. Setting at least 2 NAMA for their further development”

VI. April 19-21, 2016. “Workshop and training. Presentation and consultation of the First draft of PDD NAMAs developed. Site visits with stakeholders”

VII. October 20, 2016. “Workshop. NAMAs Project Design Document presentation and Roadmap with short, mid and long-term priorities on NAMAs implementation”

VIII. Awareness raising was done during data collection on site

IX. In December the Final version of four PDD NAMAs developed for registration into UNFCCC NAMA Registry were submitted to the National Commission. These four will be approved in a workshop “Workshop. Approval of four NAMAs developed for registration in UNFCCC NAMA Registry” that will be realized in February 2017.

The participants were trained in the following areas: Selection of NAMA for detailed examination from the multitude of candidate mitigation measures; MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) application; NAMA Application filling out; Registration into UNFCC NAMA Registry procedure, according to the Manual; Identification of CDM Methodologies for calculating of GHG emissions; Economic justification of NAMAs; Methodology on NAMA investment portfolio setting out; The organizational structure for implementation of NAMAs; Sustainable Development Indicators; Barriers to overcome and roadmaps for implementation of NAMAs; Potential donors and their capacities to invest in NAMA, etc.

Outcome 3: Monitor, verify and report progress on mitigation actions

The main purpose of the project in the area of MRV Systems was to support the Republic of Moldova to design an MRV system for the LEDS and proposed NAMAs. The priority of the project was to set-up a domestic MRV System for unilateral NAMAs, in line with the relevant COP decisions and guidelines; while the MRV system for supported and credited NAMAs was expected be operationalized at the national level, building on the experience and systems in place for CDM projects.

The main results obtained are as following:

Within the component was developed the concept for National MRV system framework. This work was done with support of international Consultant Morten Pedersen.

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The concept has putted the basis for developing the legal act for MRV system for Moldova. The republic had no any MRV or NAMA elements or knowledge up to the project launching. The system was based on the existing experience in energy and environmental projects of the focal points and partner institutions that the project is working with. From the concept and after discussions with partners it was decided to include in the institutional framework the following activities and documents to be elaborated:

Change the mandate for the National Commission for Implementing Provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Provisions and Mechanisms of Kyoto Protocol to include NAMA and MRV.

Establish the mandate for the Technical Committee and the MRV-NAMA Group. Prepare the following standard documents:

o Annotated NAMA Concept Note Template o Annotated NAMA Design Template o Template for Annual Report prepared by NAMA Project Developer o Standard letter of Approval NAMA Concept Note o Standard letter of Approval NAMA Design o Standard letter of Rejection of a NAMA Proposal o Template for evaluation report for Concept Note o Template for evaluation report for NAMA Design o Template for evaluation report for Annual Report

Model for standardized solutions Training courses on MRV for installations, entities and also public institutions

Following the proposal of the Chair of Project Board, the MRV System working group will undertake together with colleagues from two other working groups the revision of the LEDS.

In accordance with the recommendations exposed by MRV International Consultant, the MRV System Working Group started the process of developing the set of standard documents needed. The respective set of documents will be part of a draft Governmental Decision on establishing the National MRV System for NAMAs and LEDS.

As it was decided, to complete the legal act with institutional framework it was decided to elaborate a range of documents to be in the annexes of GD. It were elaborated the annexes for the governmental decision, the documents for the evaluation system for NAMA, the reporting annexes for the NAMA coordinators/developers in sectors: Forestry, Agriculture, Industry, Energy, Buildings. Also were elaborated the templates for Initial NAMA project (idea of NAMA) and the templates for complete NAMA proposal. Was elaborated the mechanism for NAMA analyzing and approving under the projected MRV system, were established the prerogatives of the Technical Committee under National Kyoto Commission and MRV NAMA group.

The annexes were elaborated It were finished and presented in final form the methodologies for calculation and determination of the GHG emission and mitigation effect calculation for the possible projects belonging to the most important sectors were the GHG emission are coming from. The sectors were the methodologies were elaborated are the Forestry sector, the Agriculture sector, the Energy production sector and Energy usage sectors. The developed methodologies will be published so that potential NAMA interested experts and beneficiaries can develop a proposal in the related areas.

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The Forestry methodology for mitigation calculations: http://atenuare.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3700

The agriculture sector calculations projects mitigation methodology: http://atenuare.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3702

Formularies for annual reporting on the NAMA projects implemented in different sectors: http://atenuare.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3701

A local consultant on analyzing the institutional capacities for the implementing and maintaining the MRV system for Moldova developed the report on the national capacities and efforts that are needed for implementing the system and presented for analyze.

All these methodologies were published in real form as small books and were distributed for interested experts and local partners during the workshops organized by the MRV component in the project. Also some materials were distributed to the universities as studying resources for future experts (Technical University and Agricultural University of Moldova)

The legal act for establishing MRV system that was developed contains several chapters

It was continued the elaboration of legal act in form of Governmental decision for MRV system, and were finished the chapters referring to

1. National Commission for Kyoto Protocol a) role and basic functions, b) Componence of commission c) Approval and mandate d) Role in the NAMA activity

2. NAMA elaboration and approval system

a) Main actors in the NAMA process

b) Main steps in NAMA elaboration

c) Templates and responsibilities in the elaboration process

d) Evaluation steps and responsible parties

e) Evaluation and verification criteria

3. MRV system

a) Main documents and templates

b) Responsibilities and steps

c) Recourse and validation

4. Inventory chapter.

The legal act will be given to the Ministry of Environment to be discussed internally and followed to the special commissions of Government to be discussed in the way to be approved.

b. Success factors.

While referring to the most relevant success factor, it is worth mentioning the long-standing experience of the Climate Change Office staff members in the area of GHG inventory and climate change mitigation.

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The Climate Change Office succeeded to maintain since it has been established in 2004, its core staff members, most of which are also members of the UNFCCC roster of experts, who are participating on regular basis in the negotiation process under the UNFCCC, as well as in the review process of Annex I Parties inventories, biennial reports and national communications, as well as its relevant pool of experienced national experts.

Respective pool of experts have had huge experience in developing the national communications, biennial update report, national inventory reports of the republic of Moldova under the UNFCCC; they have also participated in the process of identification and assessing the technology needs in the area of climate change mitigation and adaptation; and have also participated in the process of development of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Low Emission Development Strategy, thus gaining during the years enough experience and expertise to successfully implement respective project, obtaining outstanding results in all targeted project areas.

c. Project co-benefits or sustainable development benefits, including capacity development, institutional strengthening, job creation, health benefits, less contamination.

As result of project implementation, there were achieved a range of co-benefits, being related first of all to building institutional capacities for establishing and operation of the national system for monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change; as well as for establishing and operation of the national MRV – LEDS and NAMA System.

The project contributed also essentially to the development and approval of the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030, which in range while implementing its action plan is supposed provide many sustainable development benefits, create jobs and finally contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions and other pollutant emissions, thus ensuring less contamination of the soils, water and air, respectively providing health benefits at the national and global level, keeping in mind also the long-range transboundary pollution caused by respective emissions.

d. Were there unintended or unexpected benefits related to LECB activities?

Due to increased awareness raised as result of LECB activities, it was possible increase the number of NAMAs proposals developed from 2 to 4. Also, initially in the project document it was included the elaboration of only one draft Governmental Decision on setting-up the national inventory system, but finally the respective legal act is expected cover all reporting areas under the UNFCCC, including climate change mitigation, MRV system, and climate change adaptation. In addition, the LECB activities contributed substantially to the process of development of the INDC and ratification of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of Moldova.

e. Discussion of any gender impacts and how gender interests were addressed during project implementation.

As regarding the gender issues, consistent with the policies of the Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Protection, relating to the promotion of women into decision-making processes, women were actively involved in the recent years in climate change related activities in the Republic of Moldova, not only as beneficiaries but also as indispensable partners in the climate change decision-making. Understanding how the unique social and economic roles played by women is crucial to the effective implementation of sectoral and national projects and programs to adapt and to mitigate climate change in the Republic of Moldova. Although the role of women in the climate

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change adaptation actions is better understood in the Republic of Moldova, the role of women in climate change mitigation strategies has received relatively little attention until this moment. This is because programs to address GHG mitigation issues have been perceived to be rather technical or scientific in nature. However, attempts have been made during the project implementation to clearly identify ways and means of engaging women in mitigation actions and NAMA projects implementation in the Republic of Moldova.

f. Summary of key substantive products (e.g., project data, reports, training manuals, critical institutional authorizations), list of training events (including number of participants, description of institutions, and key objectives), and number of key stakeholders, and highlighted project communications.

X. GHG Inventory

Key substantive products:

Draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change (http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=276&id=4022).

The template workbook “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System” (Ghid practic pentru utilizatori “Dezvoltarea Sistemului national de inventariere a emisiilor de gaze cu effect de sera”), published in Romanian language in 115 ex. (the e-version is available on: http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=267&id=3711).

The “Report on the National GHG Inventory System of the Republic of Moldova”, published in Romanian language in 100 ex. and in English language in 15 ex. (the e-version is available on: http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3839).

Report on the technical review of the National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories of the Republic of Moldova – Energy Sector, by Ms. Veronika Ginzburg, PhD, leading research scientist, Department of Monitoring of GHG Emissions in Energy and Industry, Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation (the e-version is available on: http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3852).

Report on the technical review of the National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories of the Republic of Moldova – LULUCF Sector, by Mr. Viorel Blujdea, PhD, leading research scientist, National Institute for Forest Researches and Development "Marin Dracea", Bucharest, Romania (http://clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=82&id=3853).

List of training events:

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Energy Sector, held since 2 to 5 of November 2015, by Ms. Veronika Ginzburg, PhD, leading research scientist, Department of Monitoring of GHG Emissions in Energy and Industry, Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation (detailed information of the training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on the Climate Change Office website: http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=93&id=3803);

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Energy Sector, held since 23 to 25 November 2015, by Ms. Veronika Ginzburg, PhD, leading research scientist, Department of Monitoring of GHG Emissions in Energy and Industry, Institute of Global Climate and

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Ecology, Moscow, Russian Federation (detailed information of the training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on the Climate Change Office website: http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3817);

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - LULUCF Sector, held since 26 to 29 of October 2015, by Mr. Viorel Blujdea, PhD, leading research scientist, National Institute for Forest Researches and Development "Marin Dracea", Bucharest, Romania (detailed information of the training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on the: http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3792);

Training workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories - LULUCF Sector, held since 25 to 27 November 2015, by Mr. Viorel Blujdea, PhD, leading research scientist, National Institute for Forest Researches and Development "Marin Dracea", Bucharest, Romania (detailed information of the training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on the: http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=3818).

Hands-on training workshop on applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – AFOLU Sector, held since 7 to 9 of June 2016, by Mr. Atsushi Sato (Japan). Detailed information of hands-on training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on Climate Change Office website: http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=3953&idc=93.

Hands-on training workshop on applying the IPCC Inventory Software of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use and Waste Sectors, held since 20 to 22 of June 2016, by Mr. Jongikhaya Witi (South Africa). Detailed information of the hands-on training agenda, list of participants and outcomes are available on the: http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=3954&idc=93.

Hands-on training workshop on developing a database and a land use matrix to be used for developing the national GHG inventory, held since 15 to 17 June 2016, by Mr. Viorel Blujdea, PhD, leading research scientist, National Institute for Forest Researches and Development "Marin Dracea", Bucharest, Romania. Six national experts in GHG inventory, representing various institutions (Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment, Forest Research and Development Institute of the “Moldsilva” Agency, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection “Nicolae Dimo” of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and the State Agricultural University of Moldova) have participated to respective hands-on training.

Hands-on training workshop on developing a database and a land use matrix to be used for developing the national GHG inventory, held since 10 to 13 October 2016, by Mr. Viorel Blujdea, PhD, leading research scientist, National Institute for Forest Researches and Development "Marin Dracea", Bucharest, Romania. Six national experts in GHG inventory, representing various institutions (Climate Change Office of the Ministry of Environment, Forest Research and Development Institute of the “Moldsilva” Agency, Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection “Nicolae Dimo” of the Academy of Sciences of

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Moldova and the State Agricultural University of Moldova) have participated to respective hands-on training.

National public consultations workshop of the draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change, held on 22nd of December 2016 (see the workshop agenda and list of 43 participants on: http://clima.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=93&id=4008).

XI. NAMAs development

Key substantive products:

Four detailed PDD NAMAs developed for Donors support were developed and registered into UNFCCC NAMA Registry, as follows:

1. Waste to Energy (WTE) NAMA in Republic of Moldova (NAMA1), 104 pages;

2. Promotion of small CHPs in The Republic of Moldova (NAMA2), 81 pages ;

3. Promoting Energy Efficient Lighting in the Republic of Moldova (NAMA3), 88 pages;

4. Afforestation of degraded land, riverside areas and protection belts in the Republic of

Moldova (NAMA4), 91 pages.

All these NAMAs are available on http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&id=4024&idc=94

MCDA Tool in the format of Excel Spreadsheet developed for selection of best NAMAs from a long list of such.

The implementation roadmap chapters of all NAMAs have been developed by national consultants and discussed with stakeholders at the workshop organized on October 20, 2016. The comments received during this workshop and 10 days after the event have been incorporated into the NAMAs PDD text. The final detailed NAMA implementation roadmaps were attached as Annexes to PDD NAMA documents

The Application of all four NAMAs have been filled out for registration into UNFCC NAMA Registry

List of training events:

National targeted training programme for the National Commission for it to be prepared to assume its additional responsibilities assigned to it by the LEDS, held on December 19, 2014 “Workshop: NAMA as a priority mechanism in contribution to mitigating climate change and in attracting donor support”. Total number of participants - 18

National public training workshop on MCDA Tool to select the best NAMAs from a long list, held on December 29, 2014. “Workshop and training. NAMA selection”. Total number of participants - 24

National public training workshop on selection two best NAMAs from five in competition. 20 workshop participants took part into the scoring of criteria per each NAMA. The training

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workshop took part on March 27, 2015. “Training Workshop. Criteria and MCDA for NAMA selection”

National Commission members were familiarized with four NAMAs selected for detail development and they have been approved respectively in the Workshop from June 1, 2015. “Workshop. Setting at least 2 NAMA for their further development”. Total number of participant – 10.

First draft of all PDD NAMAs developed have been presented for consultation with stakeholders at Workshop in Chisinau from April 19-21, 2016, “Workshop and training. Presentation and consultation of the First draft of PDD NAMAs developed. Site visits with stakeholders”. The comments received during the workshop and after have been considered into the following drafts of PDD Reports. Total number of participants - 45

In December 2016 was organized a two days training for local experts hot to participate and to use the elaborated drafts of NAMA and evaluation NAMA documents under MRV system. The participants were experts from different fields like energy, forestry, agriculture. They were familiarized with existing mechanisms and financial opportunities in low emission development. Total number of participants were 30.

Project communications

All possible ways of communication with stakeholders was established and followed in the frame of Moldova LECBP NAMA component, including through: workshops and training events (total 8 events have been organized, specified above); the Climate Change Office site: the draft of NAMAs, the Road map of their implementation and workshops presentations have been exposed for consultation on www.clima.md; electronic communication, all e-mail address of NAMA team members were available to any interested party to use for exchanging the opinion on NAMA subject.

The communication between International Consultants and NC have be done through direct contacts (two visits of Asiatica representative (Kyoko Toshikava) and two visits of Gesine Haensel in Chisinau took place) and e-mail. Electronic communication was very intensive as the drafts of PDD NAMAs suffered four reductions.

XII. MRV Systems

Three regional Workshops within MRV component in Balti, Edinet and Cimislia were realized in December 2015. At these events were invited possible local partners in implementing NAMA measures, experts as possible developers of NAMA and participants in MRV system, the local authorities and experts were familiarized with MRV and NAMA mechanisms as well as the main issues of LEDS. Total number of participants were 78.

In December 2015 was organized a training workshop for local specialists that want to take part in the NAMA and MRV mechanisms. Were trained and familiarized with clean development financial mechanisms and main elements of the LEDS and INDCs for Moldova, total number of participants – 30.

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On October 20, 2016 the Workshop “ NAMAs Project Design Document presentation and Roadmap with short, mid and long-term priorities on NAMAs implementation” have been organized to get stakeholders’ comments on the draft of NAMAs’ Roadmap implementation. Total number of participants - 20

In October – November 2016 were organized 4 regional workshops of the project in Cahul, Ungheni, Balti and also separatist region of Transnistria. The workshop was concentrating on the awareness rising on the low emission development and Low carbon economy. The interest for the event was very high and were established a lot of useful links. The events were shown by the local press and has raised the interest on the climate change (mitigation and adaptation) mechanisms and possibilities to participate to this. The total number of participants was 110.

g. Efforts to collaborate with the private sector, the nature of the collaboration, and results.

I. GHG Inventory

With reference to the GHG Inventory component, the private sector representatives, as data providers to the national GHG inventory have been invited on permanent basis to attend all policy coordination workshops, peer-review reports coordination workshops and relevant hands-on trainings.

State Enterprises and Joint Stock Companies with State Share Subordinated to Central Public Authorities:

State Enterprise „Moldavian Railways” (Tatiana Bureac, bureac@railway.md), State Enterprise „ Chisinau Glass Factory” (Alexandru Baburin, alexandr-baburin@rambler.ru), State Enterprise „Moldelectrica” (Nelly Melnicenco, melnicenco@moldelectrica.md), Joint Stock Company "RED Nord" Bălți (Mihail Didilica, rednord@rednord.md), Joint Stock Company "TERMOELECTRICA" (Oxana Conțedailova, lpm@termoelectrica.md), Joint Stock Company "Moldovagaz" (Vitalie Gheorghiță, vitalie.gheorghita@moldovagaz.md).

Private Enterprises:

Limited Liability Company FRIO-DINS (Arcadie Cojocari, acojocari@mtc.md) Joint Stock Company FRIGOMAŞ (Petru Borta, frigomas@rambler.ru) Limited Liability Company MAȘFRIGCOM (Stela Buzi, stelab93@mail.ru) Limited Liability Company ECOLUX (Marian Platon, office@ecolux.md) Limited Liability Company FRIGOIND (Teodor Anghel, anghel@frigoind.com) LAFARGE CIMENT MOLDOVA SA (Oxana Erșov, oxana.ersov@lafargeholcim.com) Joint Stock Company MACON (Radu Dumitru, info@macon-cmc.md) Joint Stock Company GLASS CONTAINER COMPANY (Ion Țîbuh, iontibuh@rambler.ru) Joint Stock Company VITANTA MOLDOVA BREWERY (Ludmila Mazur, Liudmila.Mazur@md.anadoluefes.com) I.C.S RED UNION FENOSA (Lilian Cernalevschi, LCernolevsckii@UFMoldova.com)

The targeted audience (members of the representatives of private sector) have been provided with an overview of how emissions inventories are developed, have had a general understanding of the

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tier methods available, as well as of the main challenges in particular areas as regarding the collection of activity data, and selection of emissions factors and relevant parameters; following the applied methodological approaches used based on IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. They have been consulted also while developing the Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change, specifically in the light of their future obligations to provide the requested information on fixed deadlines, as set by respective legal act. As result, it was ensured a better understanding and awareness of the representatives of private sector on the needs of national inventory system, strengthening and improving the collaboration and relationships at the institutional level.

II. NAMAs development

During the selection of NAMAs for detail consideration and PDD NAMA development all interested parties, including private sector, were invited to participate in the decision making process on best NAMAs identification and PDD NAMA chapters improvement, as well, - to participate in the training organized on subject. The call was made through direct invitation, media means and electronic site. Stakeholders could express their comments and amendments by any way they considered most appropriate for them.

For one of the NAMA, “Promotion of small CHPs in The Republic of Moldova”, it was decided to build the demonstration project, i.e. the first small efficient CHP, on the premises of “Thermohouse” SRL, a private company which supplies heat to 20 living blocks in Municipality Chisinau. The prefeasibility study made along with the first draft of PDD of this NAMA was sent for comments to GLORINAL SRL (iurie_vatamanu@gmail.com), the owner of “Thermohouse” SRL.

For three NAMAs developed, i.e. “Waste to Energy (WTE) NAMA in Republic of Moldova (NAMA1)”, “Promotion of small CHPs in The Republic of Moldova (NAMA2)” and “Promoting Energy Efficient Lighting in the Republic of Moldova (NAMA3)”, ESCOs, private enterprises, are nominated, in the frame of PDD, as most plausible companies for implementation of these NAMAs. As to the fourth NAMA, i.e. “Afforestation of degraded land, riverside areas and protection belts in the Republic of Moldova”, at the beginning of the market development programme, a market analysis will be carried out to identify products and services with the largest potential for forest-based Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) development. Local, regional and national market opportunities will be assessed as well as the barriers to SME development. A help desk will be established to support interested stakeholders with all issues relevant for the development, implementation and operation of forest-based SME. This includes support for the preparation of business plans, preparation of applications for the revolving loan fund and marketing of products.

III. MRV Systems

Within the project in the MRV system were realized site visits to the enterprises that has implemented eco-friendly and low carbon measures and has setted some local MRV system of control and evaluation.

In this regards were visited and made some memorandums of agreement three local partners:

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1. Ciment Rezina SA – Ciment company of Moldova one of the largest in the region, the company has implemented low carbon measures and reduced the usage of clinker in the production chain.

2. Elteprod SA – The company has implemented the first big wind power station on 1100 kW installed power, the company has benefited from the carbon reduction financial mechanisms.

3. Juniscart SRL – Small company that has begun to produce fuel oil from the plastics and other solid organic waste also has implemented a pellet production line. Has a local MRV system to measure the amount of waste that was consumed in the production chain.

5. Communications and Outreach

a. Describe the communications strategy.

The Low Emission Capacity Building Programme represented an innovative pathfinder project – focused on building capacities on implementing the low-emission development pathway within the context of national circumstances and national development goals.

The national LECB project team has allocated around 5% of the project budget for learning, knowledge sharing, communication and outreach activities and materials, as visibility is a major criterion from donors for measuring project.

Communications strategy

To inform and raise awareness among all stakeholders about the importance of reducing GHG emissions

To involve target groups in public awareness events To disseminate appropriate information about LECBP Moldova activities

To increase the visibility of LECBP Moldova by inviting mass-media to reflect project’s achievements

b. Describe the measures used to improve LECB project visibility.

The national project team has developed a project webpage (http://atenuare.clima.md/). The Global Support Unit was linked to the national page from the global programme site, www.lowemissiondevelopment.org. All events organized in the frame of LECB project has been widely reflected on national project webpage, following such rubrics as: intervention area; undertaken actions in three intervention areas; legal, institutional and strategic framework; publications; media resources (news and photo gallery from the events); key stakeholders and partners at national and international levels.

National teams also liaised with the communications focal point in the Ministry of Environment and UNDP Country Office regarding any media produced by or about the project, and to share media reports with the Global Support Unit for global promotional efforts, including featuring on the programme website, www.lowemissiondevelopment.org.

External Communication

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Project’s web-page was launched and served as main platform to inform external audience about the most important achievements - www.atenuare.clima.md. As per today we have more than 4000 visitors.

With the same aim a Facebook page was created. The social platform is used to increase project’s visibility and to promote key messages on climate change issues and events. Statistics: 165likes, 100% post reach - http://bit.ly/1m3Hk26.

One of the most important external event in 2016 was celebration of the World Environment Day. LECBP Moldova was part of the organizing team and managed to promote its key messages. The event had an excellent cover. More than 10 traditional media and social media channels reflected the event in news and extended articles. Relevant links: http://bit.ly/2h01ZEd ; http://bit.ly/2gZWzJw .

In the park was arranged a photo exhibition with the aim to promote the major results of the projects that are workinf in the environmental field. LECBP Moldova was there with the developed NAMAs (photo are attached).

During the event, LECBP Moldova captured the attention with an unique activity: each participant could find out his personal carbon fingerprint and respectively, how many trees it owes to the universe (photo attached).

Participation at the EU Day – European Village this year had many visitors eager to get informed, to communicate and to participate in various interactive activities. They did not hesitate to address questions and even came up with their own solutions for environmental problems that Moldova is facing (photo are attached)

c. Provide links, videos, photographs, interviews, publications, and quotes from key stakeholders related to LECB.

The project manager talked about the main achievements of LECBP Moldova in an interview for Ziarul National newspaper (printed version). Weekly print run of the newspaper is over 8040 copies; 6538 subscribers. Main audience – middle class representatives, Romanian speakers. The article is attached to the report. Link - http://www.ziarulnational.md/r-moldova-esteobligata-sa-reduca-emisiile-de-gaze-cuefect-de-sera/

Another article was published in Logos Press newspaper. It’s a highly appreciated publication which reflects socio-economic subjects. The article emphasized the capacity building activities organized within LECBP Moldova and the importance of correct collected data on GHG emissions. Link - http://www.logos.press.md/node/60471./

Several press release based on project’s activities was developed and send to local media, published on UNDP official web page and social media platforms. Links for the most relevant - http://bit.ly/1Mr88OD ; http://bit.ly/2h0TtXd

Participation at the Tv show – Dialog, on AgroTV Moldova. Link - http://bit.ly/1PikFVW

The local press has also presented the regional workshops of the project

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Nothern Development Agency (a unit of Ministry of Construction and Development of Moldova) made a press communication

http://adrnord.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=195&id=2468

The economical journal Logos Press of Molova has also presented an article about the project and its opportunities for development

http://www.logos.press.md/node/60471

The main TV channel from Transnistria has made a reportage on the Tiraspol regional workshop of the LECB project

The local TV state channel has made a reportage on this event, took interview from me.

https://tv.pgtrk.ru/news/20161205/51334

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55hXf1X2fQM

Photography database was created and structured by events that took place- http://atenuare.clima.md/pcategory.php?l=ro&idc=330&

6. Sustainability of Results

a. Capacity built to conduct mitigation activities related to training, technical assistance, new systems, community outreach.

Within the project were conducted a lot of thematical trainings for increasing the local capacities for the national experts that will work further for developing the National Communications and Bienal Update Reports of Moldova.

For this purpose were realized a range of trainings for using the IPCC 2006 methodologies for inventory sector, were invited international trainers with experience like Veronika Ginzburg, Viorel Blujdea Atsushi Sato, Joghikara Witi. Their missions and results are described above

Were developed methodologies for calculation of GHG emission and potential for reduction for projects from different sectors that are relevant for Moldova

The Forestry methodology for mitigation calculations: http://atenuare.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3700

The agriculture sector calculations projects mitigation methodology: http://atenuare.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3702

The energy generation sector calculations projects mitigation methodology: http://atenuare.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=333&id=3698

These methodologies will be used in future for different projects to calculate the GHG reduction effect for establishing the most effective ratio reduction/cost.

The project also makes and important contribution to the achievement of Moldova’s responsibilities upcoming in the recently initialed Association Agreement with the European Union, specifically the chapter on Climate Action which makes explicit reference to the cooperation on the development and implementation of the LEDS and long-term measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

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b. Efforts to ensure follow-up by national counterparts and mainstreaming efforts, including future support planned through national budget allocation and transitioning of responsibilities to national counterparts.

The LECB Project in the Republic of Moldova responded to capacity gaps identified in the Second National Communication (SNC) of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC (2010), as specified in the Chapter 7 “Constraints and Related Financial, Technical and Capacity Needs” and bring the Republic of Moldova closer to implementation of NAMAs formulated under the project.

The project is further aligned with the Moldova - United Nations Partnership Framework (UNPF) for the Republic of Moldova 2013-2017’s priority focus on strengthening the national policies and capacities to enable climate and disaster resilient, low emission economic development and sustainable consumption, thus accelerating the progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Since UNFCCC establishment the Ministry of Environment (MoEN) of the Republic of Moldova (RM) is the state authority responsible for development and promotion of policies and strategies addressing environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and biodiversity conservation. On behalf of the Government of RM, MoEN is in charge of the implementation of international environment treaties to which RM is a Part (including UNFCCC). Representatives of MoEN also act as GEF and UNFCCC Focal Points.

The CCO is entirely responsible for the activities related to preparation of National Communications (NCs) and National Inventory Reports (NIRs). Within the CCO the National Inventory Team (NIT) is responsible for estimating emissions by categories of sources and removals by categories of sinks, Key Sources Analysis (KSA), Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) procedures, uncertainties assessment, documentation, reporting and archiving of data related to GHG inventory preparation process. The de facto status of the Climate Change Office is that of a Project Implementation Unit, supporting the implementing of the national climate change related policies. To date the office is however project financed without funding allocated from the state budget.

As a Party to the UNFCCC, the RM has prepared three national communications, which included the GHG National Inventories. The first GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-1998, was reported as part of the First National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC and made available at the COP 6 (Hague, 2000). The second GHG Inventory of the Republic of Moldova for the period 1990-2005, was reported as part of the Second National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC, as well as a separate publication entitled National Inventory Report: 19902005, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova, and made available at SBI 30 (Bonn, 2009). In October 2010, the Republic of Moldova initiated Third National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC. The Third National Communication and the National Inventory Report: 1990-2010, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova were submitted to COP 19 in Warsaw in November 2013.

c. Plans to reproduce or scale-up.

The project has potential to scale – up in the context of future evolution of the appropriate mechanisms of financing the low carbon economy on the global level.

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As noted above, RM has a series of extensive programmes, policies and initiatives that are designed to integrate mitigation into the National and Sectoral Development Strategies, to decarbonize the national economy while increasing the energy security, maximize economic opportunities and establish a climate-resilient economy.

Stakeholder consultations in all target groups, including ministers, academic institutes and universities, private sector actors and NGOs, were conducted as part of the preparatory phase of project design. These stakeholder consultations included meetings, round-tables discussions and interviews. A thorough desk review preceded the consultations.

The Republic of Moldova’s project rationale is consistent with the LECB Programme rationale that countries need support in terms of providing technical expertise and assistance in developing the capacity of stakeholders, including the Public Sector. Capacity development is essential to the country’s efforts to tackle climate change. This includes increasing institutional capacities to provide appropriate mechanisms of support and coordination when addressing climate risks. It also includes strengthening technical knowledge in order to better understand and make use of climate information, and increasing relevant data and access to data for planning and decision-making. In these areas, the LECB Programme will play an important role in helping the Republic of Moldova understand how to take climate change into account more effectively when developing planning strategies and designing and implementing policies.

d. Linkages created to National Communications, Biennial Update Reports, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, etc.

I. GHG Inventory

As already stated above, the results obtained in the frame of LECB are, and will be further sustainably used for ensuring a continuing and high-quality reporting to the UNFCCC.

We are referring first of all to the Government Decision (GD) on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change. Through this GD it is established a mechanism for achieving the following objectives: (a) Ensuring timely, transparent, accurate, consistent and full monitoring and reporting of all anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks in respect to all greenhouse gas emissions not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through reporting instruments (national communications, biennial update reports and national inventory reports); (b) Reporting and verifying the information on the national commitments made under the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and decisions adopted thereunder, monitor the undertaken actions and assess national level progress regarding compliance with these commitments aimed at reducing emissions of all greenhouse gases in a cost-efficient manner. The provisions of GD apply to: (a) reporting progress in implementing low carbon development strategies at national level, as well as any updates thereof; (b) reporting progress in implementing national determined contributions; (c) emissions of greenhouse gases from source and sink categories, contained in national inventories of GHG emissions and taking place throughout the country; (d) independent CO2 impact on climate associated with emissions from civil aviation; (e) projections of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, as well as policies and measures in connection therewith; (f) aggregated

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financial and technological support received from industrially developed countries listed in Annex 1 to the Convention, in accordance with the requirements set under the UNFCCC; (h) actions taken at national level to adapt to climate change.

Also, the adapted template workbook “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System” (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=267&id=3711) developed in the frame of the project will be further used by the national GHG inventory experts, data providers and other interested institutions in building their capacities for development of a national GHG inventory.

The national GHG Inventory team intends also to update periodically (by end of each inventory cycle) the “Report on the National GHG Inventory System of the Republic of Moldova” (http://clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3839), developed as well in the frame of LECB Project.

The “Report on the Technical Review of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the Republic of Moldova - Energy Sector” (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=en&idc=82&id=3852) and the “Report on the Technical Review of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of the Republic of Moldova - LULUCF Sector” (http://www.clima.md/doc.php?l=ro&idc=82&id=3853) elaborated in the frame of LECB Project were considered while developing the National Inventory Improvement Plan and the improvement proposals will be considered and implemented in the next national communications, biennial update reports and national inventory reports.

Also, the database and the land use matrix elaborated in the frame of LECB Project are already used while developing the national GHG inventory for 1990-2015 time-series, to be reported in the Forth National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC (to be submitted by the end of 2017 year).

II. NAMAs development

The R. of Moldova sees the NAMAs promotion as the key action to reach country GHG emission reduction targets. Both the First Moldova Biennial Update Report, BUR1, (officially submitted on April 4, 2016) and Moldova Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (submitted to Paris COP 20 on September 19, 2015) comprise chapters devoted to this mitigation measures. Below it is presented a comment of UNFCCC team of technical experts (TTE) expressed in their Overview of Moldova BUR1, which confirm linkages created by NAMAs developed to main country documents on climate change reported to UNFCCC:

“The technical analysis of the BUR1 took place from 19 to 23 September 2016 in Bonn, Germany. Consistent with the reporting provisions for mitigation actions contained in decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraphs 11 and 12, the Republic of Moldova reported on its nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in its BUR. After the application of a multi-criteria decision analysis conducted by the national team of experts, the results of which have been approved by the “National Commission for the implementation of UNFCCC provisions and the provisions and mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol” on 136 NAMAs proposals, the Party prioritized a total of 14 NAMAs within 7 different sectors (i.e. 2 NAMAs per sector: power generation, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste). These 14 NAMAs are aggregated in the Republic of Moldova’s BUR as 11 mitigation actions, all of which are in the process of implementation. Consistent with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 12(a)-(d), the Party provides the name and description of each mitigation action, coverage of sectors and gases, quantitative goals, progress indicators, methodologies, assumptions, objectives, steps taken and

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envisaged and the progress of implementation (outputs and estimated GHG reductions) in the tables contained in annex 2 of its BUR.

Four mitigations actions detached from 11 ones described in the BUR were selected for detailed consideration by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) project “Low Emission Capacity Building Programme (LECBP)” project, funded by the European Union and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Federal Ministry of Environment Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany and Australian Government, to be developed as supported NAMA project proposals.”

At present Moldova is in process of preparation the Fourth National Communication. In order to enlarge the NAMAs contribution in reaching country mitigation projections around US$37,000 are allocated to develop additional NAMAs by NCs. The experience gained by the lasts during the performing Moldova LECB project will permit to reach this target. As it was mentioned above, four detailed developed NAMAs in the frame of Moldova LECBP may cover 19.6% of country conditional (I)NDC if they are implemented by 2030. So that, there is a considerable mitigation potential for development of new NAMAs in the country.

7. Lessons and Recommendations

a. Barriers faced and solutions.

The main barriers were to establish a permanent dialog with interested counterparts and focal points from ministries and agencies. The main problem was the changing of the responsible people and restructuring of the institutions that has changed several times. This is producing lost of knowledge and arrangements that were established before. If the contact person changes the project has to introduce the new person in the project subjects that are taking a lot of efforts and time.

Another barrier that has faced the program was the absence of local consultants to form the working teams in the project. It took more time for selection process of experts in the projects.

This barrier was overtaking with more efforts on the message disbursing and taking into consideration the working time possibilities of the potential experts, in this regard all the working meetings (except the ones with international consultants) were established after 5pm so that the experts that usually working on permanent base in another place can reach the meeting and contribute to the project.

b. Key lessons learned, positive and negative.

• The LECB Programme has been catalytic for the Republic of Moldova because of the momentum it has created for policy and institutional reform. The Republic of Moldova had already developed a draft LEDS (up to 2020) for Governmental approval in 2013, in line with Article 95 of the Republic of Moldova-EU Association Agreement, the National Environmental Protection Strategy for the 2014-2023 period, and its Copenhagen pledge. However, unfavorable political situation delayed its approval the end of 2016 year. With the initiation of the LECB program and international negotiations under the new Climate Agreement signed in Paris (2015), the Climate Change Office under the Ministry of Environment decided to build on their experience to redraft and extend the LEDS till 2030 (it has been approved by the

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Government on 14th of December 2016). The LECB Programme has also played a role in further nuancing country institutions on climate change. In particular, it has accelerated discussions on setting-up an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Ministry of Environment, which will be tasked for implementation of mitigation actions as well as overseeing domestic MRV System for LEDS and NAMAs projects. As per current information available, the EPA might be established by the end of 2017 year;

• The LECB Programme has provided continuity towards technical and institutional capacity building, as well as awareness raising in the area of climate change;

• Coordination and cooperation among concerned ministries was a prerequisite for successful LECB Project implementation - a proper inter-ministerial mechanism was required to serve as a framework for cooperation and for mainstreaming climate change into relevant sectors;

• Awareness raising and capacity building was crucial for climate change mainstreaming;

• Cooperation with other agencies on LECB Programme is important as from synergic work the country can benefit more (i.e., the Low Emissions Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the draft Low for ratification of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of Moldova were developed in cooperation and with support of UNDP Country Office; while the Technology Needs Assessment Reports for Mitigation and Adaptation, INDC Report, First Biennial Update Report and the NIR for 1990-2013 were developed in cooperation and with support of UNEP and UNEP Risø Center);

• There is a further need to maintain and improve climate change technical and institutional capacity that has been created and supported by the LECB Programme;

• Consistent and clear planning processes within concerned ministries are required for successful integration of climate change issues into the country’s sustainable development policies;

• The developed “Report on the National GHG Inventory System of the Republic of Moldova” and “National Inventory Report, Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in the Republic of Moldova”, are considered critical for enhancing the sustainability of the inventory process in the RM, without these documents, inventory team and the national inventory itself would not be able to benefit from the work that has been done before;

• The development of the draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change, in the frame of LECB Project was conditioned by the need to promote state policies in harmonizing national legislation with EU legislation and to implement international agreements to which the Republic of Moldova is Party, including in environmental protection and by the need to promote policies aimed at ensuring the transition to a low carbon society and sustainable development and working out a mechanism for monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this GD is to create the legal framework for establishing and operation of the national system for monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change. In the short-term perspective the purpose is to bridge the existing regulatory gap in establishment of a timely, transparent, accurate, consistent and full monitoring and reporting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, in

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respect to greenhouse gases which are not controlled by the Montreal Protocol under the UNFCCC in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to project national greenhouse gas emissions beyond 2020; while in long-term perspective, the purpose is to contribute to transparent and accurate monitoring of the actual and projected progress at national level regarding fulfilment of long-term commitments to limit emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the context of needed up to 80-95% reductions as compared to 1990 levels by 2050 as required according to IPCC;

• Outcomes of the NAMAs Development Working Group within the LECB Project should be used for developing NAMAs project proposals and obtain support for their implementation from various international sources (i.e., GEF, GCF, ERBD, EIB, WB, etc.);

• There is a need to establish a user-friendly and efficient information system for collecting the activity data needed for GHG inventory compilation, as well as for collecting the information and parameters needed for reporting the impact of mitigation policies and measures, inclusive of NAMAs projects;

• International, Regional and National Technical Workshops and Hands-On Trainings, are one of the best mechanism for sharing results, experiences and providing training in different aspects relevant for process of implementing the LECB Programme;

• Education and awareness raising campaigns should be promoted to improve understanding about and mainstreaming of climate change into relevant stakeholders (i.e., this is specifically important for the Republic of Moldova, as the sociologic research entitled 'Moldavians' Knowledge of Climate Change' undertaken as part of the ‘ ACT ON CO2 ‘ awareness campaign in the frame of Third National Communication of the Republic of Moldova to the UNFCCC (http://clima.md/public/files/Constientzare/Raport_IMAS_EN.pdf) revealed very low knowledge of the population on climate change issue, so more should be done in this area to improve the situation).

c. Recommendations to improve future programming or similar projects, future support needs.

The LECB project has nurtured sustainability as consequence of very efficient and effective support (general management and monitoring support) provided by UNDP CO and LECB Global Support Unit and UNDP office in New York to the Climate Change Office, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Moldova during the implementation of the project;

• Following the outcomes of Paris Agreement and the decision to update the NDCs on regular basis, it is very important ensure further a regular organization of regional/global training workshops, specifically of hands-on trainings for national experts involved in the mitigation assessments, to be considered in the NDCs, as it is one of the best mechanism for sharing results, experiences and receiving training in different aspects relevant for process of preparation the National Determined Contributions.

• Some of the LECB project approaches used in the Republic of Moldova may be replicated in other countries or regions. It may be the case of developing “Reports on the National GHG Inventory Systems”, based on adapted to the national circumstances the US EPA Template Workbook “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System”. Also, the draft Government Decision on the organization and functioning of the national system for monitoring and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to

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climate change, as it was translated in English and it is available on-line on the Climate Change Office website (http://clima.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=276&id=4022), may be also used as an example for building similar capacities in other countries worldwide.

d. Risk management:

i. Discuss risks encountered, prevented, and addressed.

The main risks of the project were to achieve the projected results in time.

Specific risks for different components of the project were:

Inventory component:

1. That the new methodologies for inventory (IPCC-2006 Tier 2) will not be assimilated by the local specialists in the field

2. The new electronic GHG calculation programs will not be available or applicable for Moldova

These two risks were overcome during the trainings with international consultants in Inventory that has given their capacities to local experts and now they can use the protocols and GHG methodologies.

3. The risk of not reaching the enough number of experts per different sectors to maintain the system and form the team.

This risk was overcome by including as potential experts for the consultants working in partner institutions (Forestry, Agriculture, Waste etc) and specialists from local universities.

NAMA component:

1. The risk was to have enough time to draft in the final version the 4 NAMA proposals in a form that will be accepted by the National Commission for Kyoto Protocol and to be putted on the NAMA registry platform

This risk was overcome by using international consultants experience that were supported by local consultant that had a very precise timeframe for writing and correcting the NAMA documents.

MRV component:

1. The main risk was that the legal act that will establish the national MRV system will not be ready by the end of the project.

To overcome this risk, we begin the work earlier and worked on the base of the designed concept for MRV that was prepared for LECB. The Governmental Decision was ready by November and discussed in the project and is ready for being submitted to the authorities.

2. The risk to have some incomplete institutional and sub-legal acts for projected MRV system

To overcome this risk was engaged experts that developed the draft of the documents needed for MRV for NAMA, and the procedures base for the system. It were drafted the mechanisms and responsibilities for the system.

3. The risk of insufficient interest from the local experts for the trainings in MRV and NAMA system.

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This risk was overcome by informing the potential experts of the importance of the system and the trained people will form the future mechanisms of the MRV NAMA system.

ii. Measures taken and recommendations.

e. Replicability of the project, indicating how easy it would it be to replicate the successes in another related initiative.

The project has big potential for replication in new initiatives for environment initiatives. The specialists that were trained during the workshops has capacity to initiate new programs and NAMA actions. Actually in the LECB program were initiated and drafted 4 PDD NAMA proposals that has potential to be implemented in the future.

The Project has taken the results-based approach to work planning and agrees to the review of the work plan regularly. This work plan serves as a mechanism to link inputs, budget, activities, outputs and outcomes, which are monitored and evaluated periodically. As lessons are learned, a flexible approach to implementing the project should accommodate constant adjustments to ensure that the Project’s outputs and other interventions are credibly linked to the achievement of the desired outcomes and outputs through the various forms of assistance provided by the Project.

Moreover, the United Nations Republic of Moldova Partnership Framework (UNPF) for the Republic of Moldova 2013-2017’s and the Country Programme Document that also articulate how UNDP supports the country’s overall development agenda will serve as additional guide posts (to those mentioned above) in ensuring the sustainability and replicability of the Project and its outcomes.