Lec12-1-Slides-Power Consumption in Servers_CS697GC_Fall2009-V02

8/7/2019 Lec12-1-Slides-Power Consumption in Servers_CS697GC_Fall2009-V02

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The Problem of Power Consumption in

Servers

L. Minas and B. Ellison

Intel-Lab

In Dr. Dobbs Journal, May 2009Prepared and presented by Yan Cai

Fall 2009 Green Computing


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Motivation

Server energy consumption has increased from 50w to 250w since2000

Energy cost will exceed the server cost if this trend does not change

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Source: IDC, Scaramella 2006


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Outline

Motivation Where heat comes from

How cooling is achieved

How power is consumed

Conclusions

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Where heat comes from

Server form factor

Server power consumption is affected by server form factor,

including the individual configuration,

the heat and thermal environment

the workload being processed

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Server form factor

Pedestal servers

2U rack servers

1U rack servers

Blade servers

1U

Pedestal2U

Blade


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Where heat comes from

The amount of heat, (Q), generated by an integrated circuit is afunction of

The efficiency of the components' design (e)

The technology used in its manufacturing process (t)

The frequency and voltage at which it operates (f,v)

Over-clocking also generates a great amount of heat

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),,,( vfteFQ !


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Outline




Conclusions

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Two common methods Heat sinks

Fans

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Natural convection heat sink (Source: Wikipedia, 2008)


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Outline




Conclusions

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Servers Cost # of Processors

Volume $25,000 1 ~ 2

Mid-range $25,000 ~ $499,999 2 ~ 4

High-end $500,000 8

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Estimated Average Power Use (W) per Server, by Server Class, 2000 to2006 (Source: Koomey J 2007b Estimating Total Power Consumption byServers in the US and the World. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press)

Estimated Average Power Use (W) per Server

Google container Data Centerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRwPSFpLX8I


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Total power consumption

Power consumption of a Quadcore Intel Xeon server

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Server Power Consumption (Source: Intel Labs, 2008)


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Total power consumption (contd)

Power consumption of components

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Components Power consumption

Multi-core CPU 45 ~ 200 w

DIMM 5 ~ 21 w

Power supply efficiency loss Similar with memory p.s.

2 PCI Slots 50 w

2 ~ 4 Hard drives 24 ~ 48 w


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Total power consumption (contd)

Total power consumption

Estimation of power consumption

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CPU Utilization and Power Consumption (Source: Blackburn 2008)

minminmax

100)( P

nPPP

nv!


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Memory power consumption

The memory demand is growing in the future, because More processors on chip,

Increasing use of virtualization,

More memory intensive search applications (Google and Facebook)

The memory power consumption is growing in the future The more the memories, the larger the power consumption

The faster the memories, the larger the power consumption

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Memory power consumption (contd)

Memory Power Comparison

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RDIMM Memory Power Comparison (Source: Intel Platform MemoryOperation, 2007)


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Power consumption by vendors and configurations

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RDIMM Power Consumption by Vendor and Configuration (Sources:

Publicly-available datasheets from each vendor, 2008)


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64GB system power consumption

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Future DIMM Power Consumption by Frequency, Configuration, andCapacity (Source: Intel Platform Memory Operation, 2008)


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How to reduce memory energy consumption By doing thermal analysis, embedding thermal sensors and throttling

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1U Server Architecture (Source: Intel Labs, 2006)


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Memory throttling mechanisms Closed loop thermal throttling (CLTT)

Closed loop, rely on thermal sensors

Open loop throughput throttling (OLTT)

Open loop, work based on bandwidth count

Memory throttling degrades performance

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Power supply efficiency loss

Power supply efficiency vs. utilization level

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Server Power Supply Efficiency Test Report (Source: Lawrence

Berkeley National Laboratory, 2004)


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Storage power consumption

Average hard disk power consumption for average operations

Average hard disk power consumption for IO intensive operations

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)Pr()Pr(Pr readPwritePidlePPreadwriteidleaverage !

5

4)(readseekwrite

constant

PPPP

!


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Conclusions

High-end servers consume more power, but might be less efficientin terms of power consumption

At present, CPU still consumes the most power, compared to othercomponents

In the future, memory can consume more power than CPU

Considering a significant amount of power loss, the efficiency ofpower supplies is also very important

The power consumption by hard drives is closely related to theworkload the server is processing

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Lec12-1-Slides-Power Consumption in Servers_CS697GC_Fall2009-V02

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