LearnRussian Gramatica 2de10

7/26/2019 LearnRussian Gramatica 2de10

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Accusative Case Direct Objects

In almost every sentence there is an active subject and a passive object. The subject

can consist of a noun and a related adjective. The noun answers questions such as ?

?(Who? What?). An adjective that describes the subject and agrees with the noun

answers the question (, , )?(Which?). The subject

is always in the Nominative Case.

A passive object is always in the Accusative Case. An object can also be comprised

of a noun and an adjective. In this case, the noun answers the question ? ?.

An adjective which describes the object answers the question (,

, )?for inanimate objects and (, , )?

for animate objects.

is an active subject and the verbform agrees with it. is an object

(object of my love) and, therefore, is used

in Accusative

..

.

is a subject is a subject.

,,,

,,,

Nominative(Active Subject)

Accusative(Passive Object)

Nominative(Active Subject)

Accusative(Passive Object)

? (animate subject) ? (animate object) ? (inanimate subject) ? (inanimate object)

,,

,,

,,

,,

,,,,,,

, ,,,,,

, ,

, ,

Part 1. Table: Nouns in the Accusative Case


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-

-

Nominative Accusative

Subject (?) Object (?)

Inanimate objects, masculine and neuter, do not change their form

in Accusative!

/

Ending of a noun , Ending of an adjective ,

Remember

Notice the endings!

Part 2. Adjectives in Accusative

Nominative Accusative

? ?

Personal pronouns in Accusative

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. ?

. .

. .

Part 3.


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Table: The demonstative pronoun and its forms: ,, , in the Accusative Case

. , .

.

. , .

.

. ,

. .

. , .

.

Part 4.


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to know

to read

to watch to see

to write

to remember

to understand

to love / to like

to want

to order (in a restaurant)

to buy

to listen

to eat

to drink

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Verbs, that require the Accusative Case.Part 5.


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Numbers

, , ,,

, , ,, ,

, , ,

-

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 000

When we use the number 1 (, , ), we match the gender of this numberwith the gender of the noun it is modifying:

Remember

To express complex numbers like 21, 22, etc, rst we should name a bigger number

and then the smaller one

25 ( ) 20 () 5 ().

74 ( ) 70 () 4 ().

169 ( ) 100 () 60 () 9 ()

300 40 5 50 6 400 70 8 90 4 200 80 9

345 56 478 94 289


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Nouns Singular in the Genitive ase

The Genitive Case answers the questions ? ?and can be used to express

the absence of somebody or something:

.(I have a dog) .(You dont have a

dog.)

+ object in Genitive

The Genitive Case is used to express the absence of any ingredient. If you wish to order

a pizza without cheese (for example), you should use the preposition (without)

and an object in the genitive:

. .

(JPG 234 KB)

+ object in Genitive

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

.

+ Genitive


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Genitive endings vary according to nouns gender

+ ?

(Nominative case)

+ ?

(Genitive case)

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/

Ending: - -,- -,- -

Ending: zero ending -,- -,- -,- -

. .

. .

. .

. .

Remember


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3

Genitive and Tenses

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. (double negation + Genitive)

.

Remember

(Past tense) (Present tense) (Future tense)

Positive construction

Negative construction


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1

to know, inf.

, , ,

Tenses of Verbs

Russian verbs have only 3 tenses past, present and future. It is very easy when

you speak about anything that happened some time ago (even one second ago),

you should use the Past Tense. If youd like to tell about anything that is going

to happen use the Future Tense. The table below will help you understand

how to form different tenses.

To form the Past Tense you only need to know the innitive form of the verb.

You should also remember that verbs in the Past Tense have only 4 forms:

(masculine), (feminine), (neuter, rarely used) and (plural).

a

Some Verbs in Past Tense

innitive: innitive:

group 1 group 2

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)

(-,-)


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/

/

2

Never used

(rarely used as it identiesa non-animated object)

/

/

.

/

/

/

+ innitive

+ innitive

+ innitive

Remember

How to Form Different Tenses

(past tense) (present tense) (future tense)

(to work)

(to eat)

(to drink)

(to be)

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Adjectives

Russian adjectives agree in gender with the nouns they describe. Adjectives are given

in dictionaries in the masculine singular form .

?

?

?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ending

is unstressed

Ending

is stressed

Ending

is unstressed

Ending

is stressed

Ending

is unstressed

Ending

is stressed

Following , , Following , , ,

Remember

The following table will give you a general understanding of how Russian Adjectives change

their endings.

?

,

?

,

?

,

?

,

beautiful

Dictionary form Masculine form ( ) Feminine form ( )

1


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Antonyms of some commonly used adjectives

2


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Colors


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Adverbs and Adjectives

In Russian, adverbs answer the question How? ?. They are formed

from adjectives and always end with an -. To form an adverb, replace the ending

of the adjective (its last two letters) with the -ending.

Use adverbs only together with related verbs. Adverbs are inexible.

Adjectives are used together with nouns and agree with nouns in gender

and number.

Remember

Adjective Adverb

Noun + ? Verb + ?

LearnRussian Gramatica 2de10

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