1. 1.Repeating 2.Formally practicing with sounds andPracticing writing system 3.Recognizing and using formulas and patterns

2. RepeatingSaying or doing somethingover and over: listening to something several time; rehearsing; imitating a native speaker. 3. Coordinate ConjunctionsSubordinate Conjunctions 4. Coordinate Conjunctions such as and and but are placed next tothe words and ideas they connect. Use acoordinating conjunction when you want togive equal emphasis to two main clauses.The pattern for coordination looks like this:main clause + coordinatingmain clause + coordinatingconjunction + main clause.conjunction + main clause. 5. Subordinate Conjunctionsare used when one idea in a sentence isdependent upon another idea. Thesubordinate conjunction is used to connectthe dependent with the main thought.Subordination, however, emphasizes theidea in the main clause more than the one inthe subordinate clause. Generally, thepatterns look like thesemain clause + main clause +subordinate clause.subordinate clause. 6. Frogs and toads, common namefor amphibians that make up theorder Anura (or Salientia). Theorder is usually divided into 22families, based primarilyon skeleton and teeth. Thedifferencesbetween frogs and toads aremainlysuperficial, with the name frog 7. areas where the differencesbetween frogs and toads are even harder to determine,and some species qualify as either. Anuransrange in size from 12 mm (0.5 in) to nearly 300 mm (nearly 1 ft) in length.Typical adults are tailless, with long,powerfulhind limbs that enable them to hopor 8. down to a slit when exposed tobright light.All anurans have skin glandsthat secrete irritating toxins for defenseagainst predators. Most anurans,especiallymales, are quite vocal. As theanimalforces air from the lungs, vocal 9. substance, makingit and efficient trap for prey. It alsoproduces mucus tohelp in swallowing. Although theycannot chew, mostanurans have teeth, which are usedto grasp prey. All frogs and toadsblinkwhen they swallow. Since no boneexists between the eye and themouth, 10. Frogs and toads live in a variety ofhabitats, but most prefer moistregions. Although they breathe airthrough lungs, many can stayunderwater for long periods,absorbingoxygen in the water through theskin. Tree frogsare adapted for tree livings; otheranuransare permanently aquatic; still 11. In colder regions, the animalburrows in mud to hibernate;some, such as Australian frogs,estivate lie in a state oftorpor - after buryingthemselves in sand or clay. Most anurans laytheir eggs in water, where they hatch intotadpoles, 12. and the adult emerges from thewater onto land. Frogs andtoads are carnivorous, feedingprincipally on insects,worms, spiders, and otherinvertebrates.Aquatic frogs sometimes earother frogs, tadpoles, and small fish.Larger anurans eat prey as large as 13. - are amphibians - have a heart- bulging eyes- have a bra- have teeth in top jaws - stronlong legs- hatch from eggs - have abackbone- slimy, smooth skin- are cold-blooded- the young live in water - can swimburrow 14. - paratoid glands behind eyes -have a brain- have a heart - lay eggsin clusters- are amphibians - have abackbone- dry, water skin- bulgingeyes 15. are amphibian -- paratoidparatoid s glandsglands have abehind eyesbehind eyes backbonehave teeth in top jaws a have-- lay eggs in lay eggs instrong, long legs brain clustersclusters -- dry, water dry, waterhatch from eggs have a heart skinskin -- stubby stubbyslimy, smooth skin bulging bodies withbodies with eyesshort hindshort hindthe young live in watercold- are legslegs blooded -- have no have no 16. ? ................................................................. ................................................................. .. 17. Exa Exa mpl mplee Frog has got strong Frog has got strongand long legs. It hasand long legs. It hassmooth skin but toad hassmooth skin but toad has dry skin.dry skin.