Learning IntentionsOver the next week, I will:

• Gain an understanding of how Scotland and the UK are multicultural

• Recognise the problems facing ethnic groups and the reasons for this

• Gain an understanding of the inequalities ethnic groups face in employment and health

• Gain an understanding of the government response to ethnic inequality

Success CriteriaI will:

• Take notes and create mind-maps on ethnic issues in Scotland and the UK

• I will answer Knowledge Questions based about ethnic inequalities in the UK in preparation for my exam

Ethnic InequalityLesson Starter

• Why are ethnic groups more likely to be poorer and unhealthier than the general population in the UK? List as many reasons as you can think of.

The Ethnic Population of Scotland

• Scotland today is a multicultural and multiethnic country

• The BME (Black Minority Ethnic) population is 2% of the Scottish population

The Ethnic Population of Scotland

Ethnic Populati

on in Scotlan

d

Pakistanis are the largest

ethnic group followed by

Chinese, Indians and

those of mixed race

70% of the total ethnic population

are Indian, Pakistani,

Bangladeshi, Chinese or South

Asian

12% of the minority

population are mixed ethnicity

The ethnic population is

growing faster than the general population (new immigrants and larger families)

Pakistanis are the largest ethnic group followed

by Chinese, Indians and those

of mixed race

The ethnic population of Scotland is smaller

than in the rest of the

UK

The Ethnic Population of England and Wales

Ethnic Populati

on in England

and Wales

Ethnic whites 86% of

population

Irish and Polish are biggest

categories for foreign born

residents

Indians and Pakistanis are

the biggest non-white

groups

As in Scotland, the ethnic

population is growing faster

Concentrated in poorer urban

areas

Becoming less

segregated – mix more with wider population

Problems facing ethnic groups

• Poverty rates are higher• Wages are lower• Less are promoted• Unemployment is higher• Educational attainment is lower• Conviction rates for crime are higher• More likely to be stopped or arrested than

whites• Health is poorer

Reasons for Ethnic Inequalities• We know already that poverty and social exclusion is

caused by a number of factors but they can affect ethnic groups more acutely:

1. Many minorities live in cities in poor, run down areas with poor schools

2. English may not be first language3. Experience prejudice and discrimination from

employers4. Less opportunities for jobs in poorer areas they live in5. Less or no qualifications

KU Question• Explain, in detail, why some ethnic

groups experience inequalities.

(8 marks)

The Equality Act 2010• This UK Government law makes it

illegal to discriminate against people for any reason, including race or religion.

• No excuses for discrimination in terms of employment, provision of services or in education for example

Ethnic Inequality - Employment

• March 2012, the Guardian newspaper reported that “Half of the UK’s young black males are unemployed”.

• This is double the rate for whites.

Ethnic Inequality - Employment

Ethnic Unemployme

nt

Women worse

affected than men

Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, Black

Africans and Black-Carribeans

worst affected

Black unemployme

nt has increased 70% in 3

years

Ethnics make up 10.3% of

the population but only 8.5% of

workforceFirst black

Chief Executive Officer in

2009

Ethnic employees earn

less. For example, 48% of

Bangladeshis earn less than £7 per hour

Why?• Live in poor areas with fewer opportunities

and only low paid work available• Fewer promotion opportunities in low paying

jobs• Ethnics put off some jobs because they are

“less welcoming”, e.g. police and legal professions

• Language barrier in some jobs• Spending cuts by government have led to

rise in unemployment of ethnic workers

Signs of Improvement?• How Fair is Britain Report found that:

1. Indian and Chinese people twice as likely to be employed as professionals as whites

2. Muslim men just as likely to be in managerial/professional jobs as unskilled

3. % of Bangladeshi and Pakistani people in work is on the up

4. Black and Bangladeshi children’s school performance is improving, increasing their chances of being employed after school

Ethnic Inequality - Health

Health amongst

ethnic groups

Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black Carribeans have worst health in UK

Asians and other blacks have same health as whitesChinese

health best in country

Asian woman twice as likely to commit

suicide as white women

People of Indian origin are 3 times as likely to

have diabetes

Ethnic groups more likely to

have heart disease but less

likely to have cancer

compared to whites

Why?• Poverty and social exclusion – this affects ethnic groups

more than whites• Housing and area – more ethnic groups live in poorer

areas• Employment – more likely to be unemployed or low paid• Culture – lifestyle choices of some ethnic groups affects

health, e.g. diet – South Asians smoke more and exercise less and eat more saturated fat

• Biology – More prone to certain illnesses, e.g. Men from South Asia are twice as likely to have a heart attack or angina

• Mental Health – Black-Caribbean and Africans 7 times more likely to suffer mental health issues – link to poverty and social exclusion

Attempts to change this…

• The Equality Act 2010 – equal access to things like healthcare for all

• Race for Health – tackles racial inequality in relation to diabetes, mental health, child births and coronary heart disease (England and Wales)

• Equally Well – Scottish Government plan to tackle health inequalities

• NHS Scotland Equality Outcomes – March 2012 – Attempt to ensure that “no groups are left behind” in terms of health provision

KU Questions• Explain, in detail, why ethnic groups

experience inequality in employment and health.

(8 marks)

• Explain, in detail, what is being done to tackle ethnic inequalities in the UK

(8 marks)

Homework• Find examples of

racial discrimination in terms of health, education, employment etc.

• You can use these as examples for KU questions.

Do I…

• Understand how Scotland and the UK are multicultural

• Recognise the problems facing ethnic groups and the reasons for this

• Understand the inequalities ethnic groups face in employment and health

• Understanding the government response to ethnic inequality

Did I…

• Take notes and create mind-maps on ethnic issues in Scotland and the UK?

• Answer Knowledge Questions based about ethnic inequalities in the UK?