Learning in 3rd space

Prof. II Reijo Kupiainen

(Photos and media are not included)

Third space

• The idea of third space comes from hybridity theory (Homi Bhabha)

• Originally hybridity is a cross between two separate cultures: not diversity but hybridity: two cultures meet and interact -> something new

• Cultural hybridity is a in-between place, which brings together contradictory knowledges, practices, and discourses: signs can be appropriated, translated, rehistoricized, and read anew (c.f. remixing culture)

”Third Space theory”(Pahl & Rowsell 2005, Literacy and Education)

HOME Popularculture

Multimodaltexts

SCHOOL Writing,

speaking andlisteningliteracy

Out-of-school literacies School literacies

”Third Space theory”(Pahl & Rowsell 2005, Literacy and Education)

HOME Popularculture

Multimodaltexts

SCHOOL Writing,

speaking andlisteningliteracy

THIRD SPACE Drawing and

writing using homeand school literacy

Out-of-school literacies School literacies

– Kupiainen, 2013

”I am […] interested in young people’s own media practices, what they bring to the school, how these practices change school spaces and teaching and learning, how they are utilized in schooling, and finally how media education with its own goals helps children and young people enhance their media literacy practices. ”

Home (out-of-school): informal learning School: formal learning

Interest-driven practices Curriculum-based practices

Peer-based learning Teacher-based learning

Engaging in of participants’ own accord, ”pulled” to learning

”Pushed” on learners, direct learning in particular channels

Learning goals are open-ended, depended by available

resources and personalised

Learning goals are specifiable in advance and uniform among

students

Home School

Vernacularliteracies

Institutionalliteracies

Outside the domain of power, ”in the streets”

Control over people’s literacy practices

Common in private spheres Common in public spheres

Mary Hamilton (2000), Sustainable literacies and the ecology of lifelong learning.

Third-space learning: a bridge between a ”home” and a ”school”

Home

Institution

School

Street

Physical LEPersonal (virtual) LE

Private Public

LMS: Learningmanagement system

ILE: Informallearning environment

Virtual

Physical

Integrated

Decentralised

Global

Local

Formal Informal

Spac

e

Place

Form

Structure

Source: Smeds et al. 2010, InnoSchool project

Third-space learning: a bridge between a ”home” and a ”school”

Home

Institution

School

Street

Physical LEVirtual (personal) LE

Private Public

LMS: Learningmanagement system

ILE: Informallearning environment

Rejection of binaries (1)

Home School

Rejection of binaries (1)

Home Heterotopos School

Rejection of binaries (1)

Home Heterotopos School

Michel Foucault (1967). On other spaces. http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html

Rejection of binaries (1)

Home Heterotopos School

Michel Foucault (1967). On other spaces. http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html

- heterotopias: places that are ambivalent and uncertain, either because they are new and as-yet unknown or

because they are impossible archaic representations of former modes of social order that have become obsolete.

(Kevin Hetherington (1997). The badlands of modernity: Heterotopia and social ordering)

Tactics and strategies

Kupiainen, R. 2013, Media and Digital Literacies in Secondary School

”Michel de Certeau (1984) called strategy the logic of closure and internal administration of institutions (Lankshear & Knobel, 2011). In his theory, de Certeau distinguished between two social forces: production and consumption. Production is controlled through those who have power, who create, maintain, and impose disciplined spaces, make timetables and procedures, and organize the life in spaces. They control through strategies, which are processes directed toward disciplining places and maintaining power (Gomez, Stone, & Hobbel, 2004). ”

”In de Certeau’s theory, tactics is an art of the weak. He illustrated this by explaining the practices of North African migrants living in Paris. According to de Certeau, these migrants insinuate into the system imposed on them “the ways of ‘dwelling’ (in house or a language) peculiar to [their] native Kabylia” (p. 30; cf. Lankshear & Knobel, 2011, p. 243). They create their own plural space to be by the “art of being in between.” ”

Media in education

• Makes the school space ”smoother” and changes social order (heterotopia)

• Enhances collaboration between peers/students

• Enhances ”collegial pedagogy”: students and teachers are needed (Soep & Chávez, 2010)

• Enhances ”social learning”, learning to be a participant (Brown & Adler, 2008)

• Enhances media education: learning about the media

Rejection of binaries (2)

”Street” Institution

Rejection of binaries (2)

”Street” Mobile Institution

Rejection of binaries (2)

”Street” Mobile Institution

Rejection of binaries (2)

”Street” Mobile Institution

http

://w

ww.

teac

htho

ught

.com

/tech

nolo

gy/1

2-pr

incip

les-o

f-mob

ile-le

arnin

g/

Content curation

Source: http://www.business2community.com/content-marketing/content-curation-tools-selection-evaluation-criteria-worth-considering-01315342#yXiFATVEPviUF3T3.97

E.g.: https://fi.pinterest.com/rkupiainen/media-education/

”Camera pen” pedagogy

• http://kaikkikuvaa.fi/edu/

• http://www.mystinenportaali.com/mediakasvatus/kamerakyna.html

Rejection of binaries (3)

Physical Virtual

Rejection of binaries (3)

Physical Augmented Virtual

Rejection of binaries (3)

Physical Augmented Virtual

QR-codes in a ”Digital Book Project”

Augmented reality

• Apps used: Explain Everything & Aurasma

• Also used: ThingLink

Rejection of binaries (4)

Private Public

Rejection of binaries (4)

Private Networked publics

Public

Rejection of binaries (4)

Private Networked publics

Public

- Networked publics are spaces that are constructed through networked technologies and collective spaces

that emerge from the intersection of people, technology, and practice (danah boyd (2011). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z. Papacharissi, (Ed.) A Networked self: Identity,

community, and culture on social network sites)

http://connectedlearning.tv/

Third-space learning

• Creating new learning spaces in education

• Learning in hybrid, networked, bridged (between lifeworld and schooling), dynamic, multimodal, and open time-space.

• ”Learning in the context of everyday experiences of participation in the world” (Etienne Wenger)

Problems

• ”Knowmad society” (knowledge + nomad) (Besselink, de Bree, Cobo, Hart et al., Knowmad Society

• Connected with everybody, everywhere, anytime

• Flexible workers in the new economy

• Lifelong learning = ”life imprisonment learning”

• Technological determinism

Thank you!