Learning from the International Experience Program on Education Policy and Governance Harvard...

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Learning from the International Experience Program on Education Policy and Governance Harvard University August 2011 Globally Challenged: Are U. S. Students Ready to Compete? Paul E. Peterson, Ludger Woessmann, Eric A. Hanushek, and Carlos Lastra

Transcript of Learning from the International Experience Program on Education Policy and Governance Harvard...

  • Learning from the International ExperienceProgram on Education Policy and GovernanceHarvard UniversityAugust 2011Globally Challenged: Are U. S. Students Ready to Compete?Paul E. Peterson, Ludger Woessmann, Eric A. Hanushek, and Carlos Lastra

  • International ComparisonsExtensive assessments of math, science, and reading skillsInternational comparisons largely ignored by U.S.U.S. scores portend bleak futureCurrent recession costs dwarfed by schooling crisis

  • International Math Rankings PISA 2009

    Chart2

    600.0762529201

    562.0187352542

    554.5275210157

    546.2284975349

    543.1823895419

    540.504324571

    536.0481720679

    533.9606815101

    528.9930947972

    526.8051472847

    525.8356839209

    525.282968285

    519.3008697688

    515.2722472998

    514.3404529692

    512.777635322

    512.1041600848

    506.6691222604

    503.2781285317

    501.4723051103

    497.9557074369

    496.7823023425

    496.6833945562

    495.9086379239

    494.8028962034

    494.238188768

    492.8141008694

    492.414080301

    490.1700055849

    489.0670715473

    487.3965256646

    487.1363578337

    486.8883136405

    483.4931545185

    482.9084805052

    481.9538088674

    476.6023304654

    467.8122006758

    466.0963832794

    459.9389219378

    452.5327768015

    446.8637535139

    445.4513482545

    442.381885506

    430.9752879061

    428.0661156346

    427.0791883744

    426.7238012062

    421.0604821622

    418.5839532652

    418.5090940304

    414.0449677385

    404.8846756496

    402.515414742

    388.0680931749

    386.6637991662

    385.8141237509

    380.8482574084

    377.4610320934

    371.4835105215

    371.300914975

    368.1128064055

    365.1072712682

    359.7480805794

    331.1554799128

    math score 2009

    PISA Math Performance 2009

    TOC

    PISA PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do: Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I) - OECD 2010

    Volume I Chapter 3

    Figure I.3.9How proficient are students in mathematics?

    Figure I.3.10Comparing countries' performance in mathematics

    Figure I.3.11Where countries rank in mathematics performance

    Figure I.3.12Gender differences in mathematics performance

    Fig I.3.12_alternativePerformance of males and females on the mathematics scale

    Figure I.3.20How proficient are students in science?

    Figure I.3.21Comparing countries' performance in science

    Figure I.3.22Where countries rank in science performance

    Figure I.3.23Gender differences in science performance

    Figure I.3.aOverlapping of top performers in reading, mathematics and science on average in the OECD

    Figure I.3.bTop performers in reading, mathematics and science

    &R&D&T&Z&F&F&A

    PISA PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do: Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I) - OECD 2010

    Data FI.3.9

    Tab I.3.1OLD Table 7.1b

    Percentage of students at each proficiency level on the mathematics scale

    change into negative values Below Level 1, Level1, Level 2sort by this column

    Below Level 1Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 6Sum Level 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

    %%%%%%

    Column1Column3Column5Column6Column8Column10Column12Column14Column16

    Shanghai-China-1.4-3.48.715.220.823.826.6(95.1)

    Finland-1.7-6.115.627.127.816.74.9(92.2)

    Korea-1.9-6.215.624.426.317.77.8(91.9)

    Hong Kong-China-2.6-6.213.221.925.419.910.8(91.2)

    Liechtenstein-3.0-6.515.026.231.213.05.0(90.5)

    Singapore-3.0-6.813.118.722.820.015.6(90.2)

    Macao-China-2.8-8.219.627.824.512.84.3(89.0)

    Canada-3.1-8.318.826.525.013.94.4(88.5)

    Japan-4.0-8.517.425.723.514.76.2(87.5)

    Estonia-3.0-9.622.729.922.79.82.2(87.4)

    Chinese Taipei-4.2-8.615.520.922.217.211.3(87.2)

    Netherlands-2.8-10.619.023.923.915.44.4(86.6)

    Switzerland-4.5-9.015.923.023.516.37.8(86.5)

    New Zealand-5.3-10.219.124.422.213.65.3(84.6)

    Australia-5.1-10.820.325.821.711.94.5(84.1)

    Iceland-5.7-11.321.327.320.910.53.1(83.0)

    Denmark-4.9-12.123.027.421.09.12.5(82.9)

    Norway-5.5-12.724.327.519.78.41.8(81.8)

    Germany-6.4-12.218.823.121.713.24.6(81.4)

    Belgium-7.7-11.317.521.821.314.65.8(80.9)

    United Kingdom-6.2-14.024.927.217.98.11.8(79.8)

    Slovenia-6.5-13.822.523.919.010.33.9(79.7)

    Poland-6.1-14.424.026.119.08.22.2(79.5)

    Ireland-7.3-13.624.528.619.45.80.9(79.2)

    Slovak Republic-7.0-14.023.225.018.19.13.6(79.0)

    Sweden-7.5-13.623.425.219.08.92.5(78.9)

    Hungary-8.1-14.223.226.018.48.12.0(77.7)

    Czech Republic-7.0-15.324.224.417.48.53.2(77.7)

    France-9.5-13.119.923.820.110.43.3(77.5)

    Latvia-5.8-16.727.228.216.45.10.6(77.4)

    Austria-7.8-15.421.223.019.69.93.0(76.8)

    United States-8.1-15.324.425.217.18.01.9(76.6)

    Portugal-8.4-15.323.925.017.77.71.9(76.3)

    Spain-9.1-14.623.926.617.76.71.3(76.3)

    Luxembourg-9.6-14.422.723.119.09.02.3(76.1)

    Italy-9.1-15.924.224.617.37.41.6(75.1)

    Lithuania-9.0-17.326.125.315.45.71.3(73.7)

    Russian Federation-9.5-19.028.525.012.74.31.0(71.4)

    Greece-11.3-19.126.424.013.64.90.8(69.7)

    Croatia-12.4-20.826.722.712.54.30.6(66.8)

    Dubai (UAE)-17.6-21.223.019.612.15.31.2(61.2)

    Israel-20.5-18.922.520.112.04.71.2(60.5)

    Serbia-17.6-22.926.519.99.52.90.6(59.4)

    Turkey-17.7-24.525.217.49.64.41.3(57.9)

    Azerbaijan-11.5-33.835.314.83.60.90.2(54.7)

    Romania-19.5-27.528.617.35.91.20.1(53.0)

    Bulgaria-24.5-22.723.417.58.23.00.8(52.9)

    Uruguay-22.9-24.625.117.07.92.10.3(52.4)

    Mexico-21.9-28.928.315.64.70.70.0(49.2)

    Chile-21.7-29.427.314.85.61.20.1(49.0)

    Thailand-22.1-30.427.314.04.91.00.3(47.5)

    Trinidad and Tobago-30.1-23.121.215.47.72.10.3(46.8)

    Montenegro-29.6-28.824.612.23.80.90.1(41.6)

    Kazakhstan-29.6-29.623.512.04.20.90.3(40.9)

    Argentina-37.2-26.420.810.93.90.80.1(36.4)

    Jordan-35.4-29.922.99.52.10.30.0(34.7)

    Albania-40.5-27.220.29.12.60.40.0(32.3)

    Brazil-38.1-31.019.08.13.00.70.1(30.9)

    Colombia-38.8-31.620.37.51.60.10.0(29.6)

    Peru-47.6-25.916.96.82.10.50.1(26.5)

    Tunisia-43.4-30.218.76.11.30.20.0(26.4)

    Qatar-51.1-22.713.17.24.21.50.3(26.2)

    Indonesia-43.5-33.116.95.40.90.10.0(23.3)

    Panama-51.5-27.313.95.61.40.40.0(21.2)

    Kyrgyzstan-64.8-21.89.33.30.70.00.0(13.4)

    ATOT0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0(0.0)

    AAVG0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0(0.0)

    &R&D &T &Z&F

    Fig I.3.9

    Figure I.3.9

    How proficient are students in mathematics?

    Percentage of students at the different levels of mathematics proficiency

    Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of students at Levels 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

    &R&D&T&Z&F&A

    Fig I.3.9

    -3.440248058-1.42992375438.737671107815.172354683320.791440550323.784291857726.6440699888

    -6.1393998744-1.706636437215.563932442327.122091601727.81159753416.73054562154.9257964888

    -6.2103063156-1.915056491515.622705668124.390345732926.293535666517.71884180787.8492083176

    -6.1779489488-2.586201977413.24251690721.948131634525.389840486919.8990543910.7563056555

    -6.5351547192-2.953603976814.977737010326.244789412431.23468882813.03232293495.0217031184

    -6.8074957739-3.012235118513.129433695318.662116054422.776200957619.985095016515.6274233837

    -8.1632901972-2.799350869519.558645832527.80211306224.53682349712.84646773244.2933088093

    -8.3319365261-3.144396757618.765756559126.503255184424.974516104213.89209899184.3880398767

    -8.5267473177-3.951494282617.421065731625.716945024923.503233503514.70641994226.1740941975

    -9.63375624-3.003940082622.72404642329.901507561422.65915865949.84510475252.2324862811

    -8.6484658628-4.158865880915.501758540620.936712932122.196141236717.246720071211.3113354758

    -10.6059081682-2.810276302418.951333857523.860652574523.916731606815.43496570244.4201317882

    -8.9947387261-4.475880992615.919738238623.003161298423.485455282716.27276672457.8482587371

    -10.1520718614-5.257150642419.065590240224.394588314222.24338642213.62867925745.2585332623

    -10.7635535772-5.109999615120.254171699725.768986088521.677553138911.93717412414.4885617564

    -11.2738312502-5.679913111321.261963237127.295188882320.900944278510.48727906793.1008801728

    -12.1101094124-4.943484589823.031422185727.378073275220.9716592829.07388059032.4913706646

    -12.6598982711-5.517875990124.348686799427.528744999919.72760210788.40360516141.8135866704

    -12.1953543554-6.422741159918.754532998823.080814804621.698725975213.22242169954.6254090066

    -11.3383755183-7.712804418317.475445845121.802947762921.300044759214.55029038235.8200913139

    -13.9511214158-6.232848368524.879033628427.201678735517.88553426188.09124417091.758539419

    -13.8094169846-6.536278277422.474608156323.933203851619.039798559710.34128939363.8654047768

    -14.3627688972-6.124626671223.991413679826.138275298118.99449234648.22875114792.1596719594

    -13.5526740875-7.260409338324.490169276128.601245376719.43814033265.78789406770.8694675211

    -14.024148701-7.002076644423.158480084924.9919918918.12408277369.08941618173.6098037245

    -13.5688640926-7.506633799123.358347242725.230561402518.95292306858.88506885392.4976015407

    -14.2090155688-8.099307021323.2263571926.012103603318.35959760358.13688864781.9567303653

    -15.2994842633-7.033359978324.220742342124.383563549617.42569795628.46338535023.1737665603

    -13.0717368115-9.452581446119.853283070823.825065543920.117449211410.42468105693.2552028593

    -16.7396736905-5.819875192827.206164106328.155357753916.37611946635.08383815540.6189716348

    -15.4411862623-7.798710500621.205604488523.026204179619.57848940159.91092800453.0388771631

    -15.2829416195-8.110942264624.417260414825.210061573417.06264237318.03532622051.8808255342

    -15.331969114-8.385107132623.929806945925.029947210917.69125111017.71753149591.9143869906

    -14.6092684512-9.122211948223.948917113626.613842743417.65577999586.73426434041.3157154074

    -14.3566713354-9.565557274322.677984358723.079264852318.96716261879.00871164432.3446479164

    -15.873826945-9.056447467424.164743829524.610885032517.33289485647.36148441061.5997174586

    -17.2981398728-9.034462585726.070565024325.270229973615.35077056625.67483696941.300995008

    -19.0250867455-9.549219846828.489490861225.025978747812.67449270274.25553736030.9801937356

    -19.0646511413-11.253780374826.369781842623.972146719313.61125561244.90902284060.819361469

    -20.7894470496-12.363980195926.749537788722.666515805112.50759626814.30164226540.6212806272

    -21.2104334037-17.635276850923.024465086219.589897220312.06611111095.2558312261.2179851021

    -18.9333314531-20.519913432622.54905990220.08133191712.04625746984.7003571571.1697486686

    -22.9426494746-17.640096765726.456860694319.93569960759.48691980992.91161298070.6261606673

    -24.4627000967-17.685682127625.219982647117.37647830699.61446204764.37775282731.2629419469

    -33.7998527355-11.474953375435.312893989614.77585452253.55688746230.853413070.2261448448

    -27.4755558749-19.543377789628.554603081517.26637017245.90467050511.17951633980.0759062367

    -22.6690831922-24.451689295623.429063534817.47130943448.19798262713.02755476660.7533171493

    -24.6282037099-22.942912913625.146151202217.00789318177.85800077462.08276447070.3340737474

    -28.8753147677-21.921178033928.271816868415.5718012044.6523312160.65948741490.048070495

    -29.3652172681-21.65987228827.280793782914.76549254825.60603687371.20874771040.1138395287

    -30.3940867794-22.133062661727.298888540714.02447157534.89103225480.97925177780.2792064104

    -23.0783881868-30.107843890821.226006429815.41646085617.70917443012.1180334630.3440927434

    -28.7718183051-29.644374415724.600524356612.21245007363.81060580790.9077342090.0524928322

    -29.5590516452-29.578946643623.464341598512.03989731064.1997339090.9000530310.257975862

    -26.378380588-37.176196041720.776961630110.88581503833.92360605910.79343063250.0656100103

    -29.8511728782-35.417883301322.87457507299.46254176412.12695478560.26641090810.0004612899

    -27.2477024625-40.48689053220.15157898189.05815425992.6495111940.39443008010.0117324898

    -30.9935050719-38.12566160218.96332399568.13533769572.9832652460.72886821840.0700381705

    -31.6100665935-38.837193293120.32002202927.51456249311.60244086730.11554153010.0001731937

    -25.887416988-47.644062455416.90065370696.84790778672.09457192030.53308181010.0923053325

    -30.1573064774-43.40900969218.71884137146.12480310631.3265224820.2478199370.0156969339

    -22.6860955875-51.076868927913.06874217847.20790654194.18334590011.48977733670.2872635274

    -33.1407358734-43.528938729716.90265661325.43643169540.91606090070.07517618760

    -27.261753654-51.494724098913.86892673745.59240729481.40380079220.35487499280.0235124298

    -21.785921821-64.8451088789.3267023243.29536117370.70775356640.03915223690

    Students at Level 1 or below

    Students at Level 2 or above

    Level 1

    Below Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Level 4

    Level 5

    Level 6

    %

    Fig I.3.10

    Figure I.3.10

    Comparing countries' performance in mathematics

    MeanComparison countryCountries whose mean score is NOT statistically significantly different from that comparison country

    600Shanghai-China

    562Singapore

    555Hong Kong-ChinaKorea

    546KoreaHong Kong-China, Chinese Taipei, Finland, Liechtenstein

    543Chinese TaipeiKorea, Finland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland

    541FinlandKorea, Chinese Taipei, Liechtenstein, Switzerland

    536LiechtensteinKorea, Chinese Taipei, Finland, Switzerland, Japan, Netherlands

    534SwitzerlandChinese Taipei, Finland, Liechtenstein, Japan, Canada, Netherlands

    529JapanLiechtenstein, Switzerland, Canada, Netherlands, Macao-China

    527CanadaSwitzerland, Japan, Netherlands, Macao-China

    526NetherlandsLiechtenstein, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Macao-China, New Zealand

    525Macao-ChinaJapan, Canada, Netherlands

    519New ZealandNetherlands, Belgium, Australia, Germany

    515BelgiumNew Zealand, Australia, Germany, Estonia

    514AustraliaNew Zealand, Belgium, Germany, Estonia

    513GermanyNew Zealand, Belgium, Australia, Estonia, Iceland

    512EstoniaBelgium, Australia, Germany, Iceland

    507IcelandGermany, Estonia, Denmark

    503DenmarkIceland, Slovenia, Norway, France, Slovak Republic

    501SloveniaDenmark, Norway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria

    498NorwayDenmark, Slovenia, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary

    497FranceDenmark, Slovenia, Norway, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary

    497Slovak RepublicDenmark, Slovenia, Norway, France, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary

    496AustriaSlovenia, Norway, France, Slovak Republic, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, United States

    495PolandNorway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Portugal

    494SwedenNorway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Ireland, Portugal

    493Czech RepublicNorway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Ireland, Portugal

    492United KingdomNorway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Ireland, Portugal

    490HungaryNorway, France, Slovak Republic, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, United States, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Latvia

    489LuxembourgPoland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, United States, Ireland, Portugal

    487United StatesAustria, Poland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Latvia

    487IrelandSweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Latvia

    487PortugalPoland, Sweden, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Hungary, Luxembourg, United States, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Latvia

    483SpainHungary, United States, Ireland, Portugal, Italy, Latvia

    483ItalyHungary, United States, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia

    482LatviaHungary, United States, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Lithuania

    477LithuaniaLatvia

    468Russian FederationGreece, Croatia

    466GreeceRussian Federation, Croatia

    460CroatiaRussian Federation, Greece

    453Dubai (UAE)Israel, Turkey

    447IsraelDubai (UAE), Turkey, Serbia

    445TurkeyDubai (UAE), Israel, Serbia

    442SerbiaIsrael, Turkey

    431AzerbaijanBulgaria, Romania, Uruguay

    428BulgariaAzerbaijan, Romania, Uruguay, Chile, Thailand, Mexico

    427RomaniaAzerbaijan, Bulgaria, Uruguay, Chile, Thailand

    427UruguayAzerbaijan, Bulgaria, Romania, Chile

    421ChileBulgaria, Romania, Uruguay, Thailand, Mexico

    419ThailandBulgaria, Romania, Chile, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago

    419MexicoBulgaria, Chile, Thailand

    414Trinidad and TobagoThailand

    405KazakhstanMontenegro

    403MontenegroKazakhstan

    388ArgentinaJordan, Brazil, Colombia, Albania

    387JordanArgentina, Brazil, Colombia, Albania

    386BrazilArgentina, Jordan, Colombia, Albania

    381ColombiaArgentina, Jordan, Brazil, Albania, Indonesia

    377AlbaniaArgentina, Jordan, Brazil, Colombia, Tunisia, Indonesia

    371TunisiaAlbania, Indonesia, Qatar, Peru, Panama

    371IndonesiaColombia, Albania, Tunisia, Qatar, Peru, Panama

    368QatarTunisia, Indonesia, Peru, Panama

    365PeruTunisia, Indonesia, Qatar, Panama

    360PanamaTunisia, Indonesia, Qatar, Peru

    331Kyrgyzstan

    Statistically significantly above the OECD average

    Not statistically significantly different from the OECD average

    Statistically significantly below the OECD average

    Below Level 1

    Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Level 4

    Level 5

    Level 6

    &R&D&T&Z&F&F&A

    Fig I.3.10

    math score 2009

    PISA Math Performance 2009

    Fig I.3.11

    Figure I.3.11

    Where countries rank in mathematics performance

    Statistically significantly above the OECD average

    Not statistically significantly different from the OECD average

    Statistically significantly below the OECD average

    Mathematics

    Mean scoreS.E.Range of rank

    OECD countriesAll countries/economies

    Upper rankLower rankUpper rankLower rank

    Shanghai-China600(2.8)11

    Singapore562(1.4)22

    Hong Kong-China555(2.7)34

    Korea546(4.0)1236

    Chinese Taipei543(3.4)47

    Finland541(2.2)1347

    Liechtenstein536(4.1)59

    Switzerland534(3.3)2469

    Japan529(3.3)36812

    Canada527(1.6)46912

    Netherlands526(4.7)37813

    Macao-China525(0.9)1012

    New Zealand519(2.3)681214

    Belgium515(2.3)7111317

    Australia514(2.5)7111317

    Germany513(2.9)8121317

    Estonia512(2.6)8111417

    Iceland507(1.4)11131719

    Denmark503(2.6)12161821

    Slovenia501(1.2)13151921

    Norway498(2.4)13201926

    France497(3.1)13221928

    Slovak Republic497(3.1)13221928

    Austria496(2.7)14222028

    Poland495(2.8)15242129

    Sweden494(2.9)15242130

    Czech Republic493(2.8)16252231

    United Kingdom492(2.4)17252331

    Hungary490(3.5)18282334

    Luxembourg489(1.2)22262833

    United States487(3.6)21292636

    Ireland487(2.5)22292835

    Portugal487(2.9)22292836

    Spain483(2.1)26293236

    Italy483(1.9)26293236

    Latvia482(3.1)3237

    Lithuania477(2.6)3638

    Russian Federation468(3.3)3839

    Greece466(3.9)30303840

    Croatia460(3.1)3940

    Dubai (UAE)453(1.1)4142

    Israel447(3.3)31324244

    Turkey445(4.4)31324144

    Serbia442(2.9)4244

    Azerbaijan431(2.8)4547

    Bulgaria428(5.9)4551

    Romania427(3.4)4549

    Uruguay427(2.6)4549

    Chile421(3.1)33344751

    Thailand419(3.2)4852

    Mexico419(1.8)33344951

    Trinidad and Tobago414(1.3)5152

    Kazakhstan405(3.0)5354

    Montenegro403(2.0)5354

    Argentina388(4.1)5558

    Jordan387(3.7)5558

    Brazil386(2.4)5558

    Colombia381(3.2)5659

    Albania377(4.0)5761

    Tunisia371(3.0)5963

    Indonesia371(3.7)5963

    Qatar368(0.7)6163

    Peru365(4.0)6164

    Panama360(5.2)6264

    Kyrgyzstan331(2.9)6565

    Data FI.3.12

    Table I.3.3OLD Table 7.1a

    Mean score, variation and gender differences in student performance on the mathematics scale

    Gender differences

    All studentsMalesGirls

    Mean scoreMean scoreScore difference

    Column1Column6Column7Column9Column28Column29

    Colombia381398366-32-12

    Liechtenstein536547523-24-12

    Belgium515526504-22-12

    Chile421431410-21-12

    United Kingdom492503482-20-12

    United States487497477-20-12

    Switzerland534544524-20-12

    Luxembourg489499479-19-12

    Austria496506486-19-12

    Spain483493474-19-12

    Peru365374356-18-12

    Netherlands526534517-17-12

    France497505489-16-12

    Denmark503511495-16-12

    Germany513520505-16-12

    Brazil386394379-16-12

    Italy483490475-15-12

    Hong Kong-China555561547-14-12

    Greece466473459-14-12

    Mexico419425412-14-12

    Uruguay427433421-12-12

    Tunisia371378366-12-12

    Montenegro403408396-12-12

    Hungary490496484-12-12

    Canada527533521-12-12

    Portugal487493481-12-12

    Serbia442448437-12-12

    Macao-China525531520-11-12

    Turkey445451440-11-12

    Croatia460465454-11-12

    Argentina388394383-10-12

    Australia514519509-10-12

    Japan529534524-9-12

    Estonia512516508-9-12

    Israel447451443-8-12

    Azerbaijan431435427-8-12

    New Zealand519523515-8-12

    Ireland487491483-8-12

    Singapore562565559-5-12

    Panama360362357-5-12

    Norway498500495-5-12

    Czech Republic493495490-5-12

    Chinese Taipei543546541-5-12

    Thailand419421417-4-12

    Poland495497493-3-12

    Iceland507508505-3-12

    Romania427429425-3-12

    Korea546548544-3-12

    Slovak Republic497498495-3-12

    Finland541542539-3-12

    Dubai (UAE)453454451-2-12

    Russian Federation468469467-2-12

    Latvia482483481-2-12

    Slovenia501502501-1-12

    Jordan3873863870-12

    Kazakhstan4054054051-12

    Shanghai-China6005996011-12

    Indonesia3713713721-12

    Sweden4944934952-12

    Bulgaria4284264304-12

    Qatar3683663715-12

    Kyrgyzstan3313283346-12

    Lithuania4774744806-12

    Trinidad and Tobago4144104188-12

    Albania37737238311-12

    OECD total-15.06-11.98

    OECD average-11.98-11.98

    -11.98

    -11.98

    &R&D &T &Z&F

    Fig I.3.12

    Figure I.3.12

    Gender differences in mathematics performance

    Figure I.3.12Gender differences in mathematics performanceNote: Statistically significant gender differences are marked in a darker tone (see Annex A3).Countries are ranked in ascending order of the score point difference (girls - boys).Source: OECD PISA 2009 Database, Table I.3.3.

    &R&D&T&Z&F&F&A

    All students Boys Girls

    Fig I.3.12

    397.7099000257365.5203980622380.8482574084

    547.4264921233523.2229418056536.0481720679

    525.9159532168504.1568977767515.2722472998

    431.3327140569410.3759145831421.0604821622

    502.8460543487482.3635810647492.414080301

    497.2650069876476.992552038487.3965256646

    543.7110787484523.8593197282533.9606815101

    498.6346448449479.2421426388489.0670715473

    505.6830533532486.4993863344495.9086379239

    492.7796840638473.898897853483.4931545185

    373.8230539492356.2148046638365.1072712682

    534.4564944351517.3069184461525.8356839209

    505.1180499563488.85560092496.7823023425

    511.4264141808495.2927704824503.2781285317

    520.3921804193504.8246625668512.777635322

    394.0477261147378.5389832987385.8141237509

    490.0045062898475.404164683482.9084805052

    561.0433653535547.2023826612554.5275210157

    473.1323754865459.3070975797466.0963832794

    425.4120943422411.7696898843418.5090940304

    433.2393558009420.940154421426.7238012062

    377.8787848813365.6812615501371.4835105215

    408.4380199249396.3074939893402.515414742

    496.1284085082484.1105951117490.1700055849

    532.7002463643520.8320336669526.8051472847

    492.9050143502481.1364999023486.8883136405

    448.10678318436.6039003092442.381885506

    530.8269891053519.6023728341525.282968285

    450.7490727034439.8029318785445.4513482545

    464.9614663223454.2786440433459.9389219378

    393.6717993551383.2348127202388.0680931749

    519.4177861355509.4806493117514.3404529692

    533.5544506815524.1308897234528.9930947972

    516.3590536346507.5373128336512.1041600848

    451.0595490796442.8166252748446.8637535139

    434.9903417991426.7677279575430.9752879061

    523.0964858656515.3456853973519.3008697688

    490.8590632878483.3180535815487.1363578337

    564.5876437248559.3619585818562.0187352542

    362.3562243163357.1763519406359.7480805794

    500.3974247461495.4019245725497.9557074369

    495.1306286319490.1787386232492.8141008694

    545.6119983426540.7028250411543.1823895419

    420.6479871869417.010817955418.5839532652

    496.551149133493.0528009542494.8028962034

    508.4121981577504.9454378571506.6691222604

    428.8260137027425.3957643963427.0791883744

    547.8192869745544.4525789499546.2284975349

    497.994573862495.3954404957496.6833945562

    541.7910002523539.2123728749540.504324571

    453.7150455201451.2976682896452.5327768015

    468.9112096719466.7324188809467.8122006758

    482.8910285282481.0410142682481.9538088674

    502.1204703929500.7979717041501.4723051103

    386.4198733842386.9113370256386.6637991662

    404.6190884234405.1580502008404.8846756496

    599.4276944389600.7132275085600.0762529201

    370.6466186426371.9432813864371.300914975

    493.3755315735495.1282633517494.238188768

    426.2582307094430.0136507678428.0661156346

    365.5204216171370.8037408628368.1128064055

    328.2327410868333.9114373383331.1554799128

    473.5385895724479.752949783476.6023304654

    409.9723602442418.0414870539414.0449677385

    372.2926565763382.9004203838377.4610320934

    Males

    Girls

    All students

    Mean score

    Data(I.3.12alternative)

    -32.1895019635-12

    -24.2035503177-12

    -21.7590554401-12

    -20.9567994738-12

    -20.482473284-12

    -20.2724549496-12

    -19.8517590202-12

    -19.3925022061-12

    -19.1836670188-12

    -18.8807862108-12

    -17.6082492854-12

    -17.1495759889-12

    -16.2624490364-12

    -16.1336436983-12

    -15.5675178524-12

    -15.508742816-12

    -14.6003416068-12

    -13.8409826923-12

    -13.8252779068-12

    -13.6424044579-12

    -12.29920138-12

    -12.1975233313-12

    -12.1305259356-12

    -12.0178133966-12

    -11.8682126974-12

    -11.7685144479-12

    -11.5028828708-12

    -11.2246162712-12

    -10.9461408249-12

    -10.682822279-12

    -10.4369866349-12

    -9.9371368238-12

    -9.4235609582-12

    -8.8217408009-12

    -8.2429238048-12

    -8.2226138416-12

    -7.7508004683-12

    -7.5410097063-12

    -5.225685143-12

    -5.1798723756-12

    -4.9955001736-12

    -4.9518900087-12

    -4.9091733014-12

    -3.6371692319-12

    -3.4983481788-12

    -3.4667603007-12

    -3.4302493064-12

    -3.3667080246-12

    -2.5991333663-12

    -2.5786273774-12

    -2.4173772304-12

    -2.178790791-12

    -1.8500142601-12

    -1.3224986889-12

    0.4914636414-12

    0.5389617774-12

    1.2855330696-12

    1.2966627438-12

    1.7527317782-12

    3.7554200584-12

    5.2833192457-12

    5.6786962515-12

    6.2143602106-12

    8.0691268097-12

    10.6077638075-12

    OECD average -12 score points

    Boys perform better

    Girls perform better

    Score difference

    #REF!

    Score point difference

    Fig I.3.12alternative

    Data(I.3.12alternative)

    Mean score, variation and gender differences in student performance on the mathematics scale

    Gender differences

    MalesFemalesDifference (M - F)

    Mean scoreMean scoreScore dif.

    Column1Column2Column3Column4

    A0085085053

    A0315345249

    A0364214174

    A0564694672

    A1005004955

    A191426430-4

    A2334544512

    A2764294253

    A348493495-2

    A3604834812

    A3804514438

    A392405405-1

    A3983623575

    A4105425393

    A4465465415

    A4994974933

    A6165485444

    A6204954905

    A6344984953

    A702386387-0

    A7054914838

    A7805235158

    A784371372-1

    A788599601-1

    A8265025011

    A03239438310

    A04037435618

    A07649047515

    A124474480-6

    A15239836632

    A15654752324

    A15853152011

    A17053451717

    A20352050516

    A20854452420

    A24652650421

    A25050348220

    A30051149516

    A3445655595

    A352372383-11

    A37239437916

    A37646545411

    A40040839612

    A41749947919

    A42850648720

    A43845144011

    A440328334-6

    A44243342112

    A48453352112

    A52849348112

    A55449347518

    A57842541214

    A59147345914

    A60449648412

    A64256154714

    A64337836612

    A6885165089

    A703366371-5

    A72443141021

    A75249747720

    A7564354278

    A76450448915

    A79244943712

    A840410418-8

    A85851950910

    trend points275625

    275625

    Mean score on the mathematics scale

    Gender difference (girls - boys)

    Table 7.1a

    Fig I.3.12_alternative

    Performance of males and females on the mathematics scale

    &R&D&T&Z&F&A

    Table 7.1a

    ColombiaColombiaColombiaColombia383.2348127202Colombia505.4590409029275

    LiechtensteinLiechtensteinLiechtensteinLiechtenstein356.2148046638Liechtenstein524.3938174319625

    BelgiumBelgiumBelgiumBelgium475.404164683Belgium417.010817955

    ChileChileChileChile479.752949783Chile466.7324188809

    United KingdomUnited KingdomUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom365.5203980622United Kingdom495.4019245725

    United StatesUnited StatesUnited StatesUnited States523.2229418056United States430.0136507678

    SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland519.6023728341Switzerland451.2976682896

    LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg517.3069184461Luxembourg425.3957643963

    AustriaAustriaAustriaAustria504.8246625668Austria495.1282633517

    SpainSpainSpainSpain523.8593197282Spain481.0410142682

    PeruPeruPeruPeru504.3443368667Peru442.8166252748

    NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlands482.3635810647Netherlands405.1580502008

    FranceFranceFranceFrance495.2927704824France357.1763519406

    DenmarkDenmarkDenmarkDenmark559.3619585818Denmark539.2123728749

    GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany382.9004203838Germany540.7028250411

    BrazilBrazilBrazilBrazil378.5389832987Brazil493.0528009542

    ItalyItalyItalyItaly454.2786440433Italy544.139210153

    Hong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-China396.3074939893Hong Kong-China490.1787386232

    GreeceGreeceGreeceGreece479.2421426388Greece495.3954404957

    MexicoMexicoMexicoMexico486.836078538Mexico386.9113370256

    UruguayUruguayUruguayUruguay439.8029318785Uruguay483.3180535815

    TunisiaTunisiaTunisiaTunisia333.9114373383Tunisia515.3456853973

    MontenegroMontenegroMontenegroMontenegro420.940154421Montenegro371.9432813864

    HungaryHungaryHungaryHungary520.8320336669Hungary600.7132275085

    CanadaCanadaCanadaCanada481.1364999023Canada500.7979717041

    PortugalPortugalPortugalPortugal474.5996732624Portugal

    SerbiaSerbiaSerbiaSerbia411.7696898843Serbia

    Macao-ChinaMacao-ChinaMacao-ChinaMacao-China459.3070975797Macao-China

    TurkeyTurkeyTurkeyTurkey484.1105951117Turkey

    CroatiaCroatiaCroatiaCroatia547.2023826612Croatia

    ArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina365.6812615501Argentina

    AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia507.5373128336Australia

    JapanJapanJapanJapan370.8037408628Japan

    EstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstonia410.3759145831Estonia

    IsraelIsraelIsraelIsrael476.992552038Israel

    AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan426.7677279575Azerbaijan

    New ZealandNew ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand488.9000570671New Zealand

    IrelandIrelandIrelandIreland436.6168536504Ireland

    SingaporeSingaporeSingaporeSingapore418.0414870539Singapore

    PanamaPanamaPanamaPanama509.4565508708Panama

    Females perform better than males

    Males perform better than females

    Sign

    non sign

    Trend

    Male score

    Female score

    Data FI.3.20

    Table 7.1aCould you give us the median also please

    Mean score, variation and gender differences in student performance on the mathematics scale(column on the right side of the table)

    All studentsGender differencesPercentiles

    Mean scoreStandard deviationMalesFemalesDifference (M - F)5th10th25th75th90th95th50th

    MeanS.E.S.D.S.E.Mean scoreS.E.Mean scoreS.E.Score dif.S.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.ScoreS.E.

    A008508(0.0)90(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A031528(0.0)93(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A032390(0.0)93(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A036419(0.0)77(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A040364(0.0)89(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A056470(0.0)87(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A076480(0.0)94(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A100499(0.0)85(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A124476(0.0)87(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A152385(0.0)77(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A156532(0.0)95(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A158526(0.0)86(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A170531(0.0)89(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A191426(0.0)100(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A203510(0.0)100(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A208535(0.0)100(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A233444(0.0)98(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A246517(0.0)107(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A250493(0.0)86(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A276427(0.0)80(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A300500(0.0)87(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A344558(0.0)106(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A348496(0.0)94(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A352374(0.0)92(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A360486(0.0)78(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A372383(0.0)80(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A376459(0.0)90(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

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    A578423(0.0)78(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A591466(0.0)90(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A604491(0.0)93(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A616549(0.0)86(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A620496(0.0)93(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A634495(0.0)95(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

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    A764497(0.0)102(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A780522(0.0)96(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

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    A788600(0.0)108(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A792440(0.0)92(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A826486(0.0)95(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A840412(0.0)99(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    A858511(0.0)94(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    ATOT0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)

    AAVG0(0.0)0(0.0)

    &R&D &T &Z&F

    Fig I.3.20

    Table I.3.4OLD Table 7.2b

    Percentage of students at each proficiency level on the science scale

    change in negative values (Below Level1, Level 1, Level 2)sort by this column

    Proficiency levels

    Below Level 1Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 6Sum Level 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

    %%%%%%%S.E.

    Column1Column2Column4Column6Column8Column10Column12Column14Column15Column16

    Shanghai-China-0.4-2.810.526.036.120.43.9(0.0)96.8

    Finland-1.1-4.915.328.831.215.43.3(0.0)94.0

    Korea-1.1-5.218.533.130.410.51.1(0.0)93.7

    Hong Kong-China-1.4-5.215.129.432.714.22.0(0.0)93.4

    Estonia-1.3-7.021.334.325.79.01.4(0.0)91.7

    Canada-2.0-7.520.931.226.210.51.6(0.0)90.4

    Macao-China-1.5-8.125.237.822.74.50.2(0.0)90.4

    Japan-3.2-7.516.326.629.514.42.6(0.0)89.3

    Chinese Taipei-2.2-8.921.133.325.88.00.8(0.0)88.9

    Liechtenstein-1.4-9.923.829.825.49.00.7(0.0)88.7

    Singapore-2.8-8.717.525.425.715.34.6(0.0)88.5

    Australia-3.4-9.220.028.424.511.53.1(0.0)87.4

    Poland-2.3-10.926.132.121.26.80.8(0.0)86.9

    Netherlands-2.6-10.621.826.925.311.21.5(0.0)86.8

    New Zealand-4.0-9.418.125.825.114.03.6(0.0)86.6

    Switzerland-3.5-10.621.329.824.19.21.5(0.0)86.0

    Hungary-3.8-10.425.533.221.85.10.3(0.0)85.9

    Latvia-2.3-12.529.135.517.63.00.1(0.0)85.3

    Slovenia-3.1-11.723.728.723.08.71.2(0.0)85.2

    Germany-4.1-10.720.127.325.010.91.9(0.0)85.2

    United Kingdom-3.8-11.222.728.822.29.51.9(0.0)85.0

    Ireland-4.4-10.723.329.922.97.51.2(0.0)84.8

    Norway-3.8-11.926.631.120.15.90.5(0.0)84.2

    Portugal-3.0-13.528.932.318.13.90.3(0.0)83.5

    Denmark-4.1-12.526.030.620.15.90.9(0.0)83.4

    Lithuania-3.5-13.528.932.417.04.30.4(0.0)83.0

    Czech Republic-4.7-12.625.628.819.97.21.2(0.0)82.7

    Iceland-5.5-12.525.830.418.86.10.8(0.0)82.1

    Belgium-6.4-11.720.727.224.09.01.1(0.0)82.0

    United States-4.2-13.925.027.520.17.91.3(0.0)81.9

    Spain-4.6-13.627.932.317.63.70.2(0.0)81.8

    Croatia-3.6-14.930.031.116.73.50.2(0.0)81.5

    Sweden-5.8-13.425.628.418.77.11.0(0.0)80.9

    Slovak Republic-5.0-14.227.629.217.75.60.7(0.0)80.7

    France-7.1-12.222.128.821.77.30.8(0.0)80.7

    Italy-6.1-14.525.529.518.65.30.5(0.0)79.4

    Austria-6.7-14.323.826.620.67.11.0(0.0)79.1

    Russian Federation-5.5-16.530.729.013.93.90.4(0.0)78.0

    Luxembourg-8.4-15.324.327.118.26.00.7(0.0)76.3

    Greece-7.2-18.129.827.914.02.80.3(0.0)74.7

    Turkey-6.9-23.034.525.29.11.10.0(0.0)70.0

    Dubai (UAE)-11.0-19.526.022.914.94.80.8(0.0)69.5

    Chile-8.4-23.935.223.67.91.10.0(0.0)67.7

    Israel-13.9-19.226.024.112.83.50.5(0.0)66.9

    Serbia-10.1-24.333.923.67.11.00.0(0.0)65.6

    Bulgaria-16.5-22.326.621.010.92.40.2(0.0)61.2

    Romania-11.9-29.534.119.74.40.40.0(0.0)58.6

    Uruguay-17.0-25.629.319.57.11.40.1(0.0)57.4

    Thailand-12.2-30.634.717.54.40.60.0(0.0)57.2

    Jordan-18.0-27.632.217.64.10.50.0(0.0)54.4

    Mexico-14.5-32.833.615.83.10.20.0(0.0)52.6

    Trinidad and Tobago-25.1-24.925.216.07.11.80.1(0.0)50.1

    Argentina-25.2-27.226.715.44.80.60.0(0.0)47.6

    Montenegro-22.2-31.429.413.63.10.20.0(0.0)46.4

    Tunisia-21.3-32.430.913.02.20.20.0(0.0)46.3

    Colombia-20.4-33.730.213.12.50.10.0(0.0)45.9

    Brazil-19.7-34.528.812.63.90.60.0(0.0)45.8

    Kazakhstan-22.4-33.027.912.83.60.30.0(0.0)44.6

    Albania-26.3-31.027.712.92.00.10.0(0.0)42.7

    Panama-32.8-32.423.29.32.20.20.0(0.0)34.9

    Qatar-36.4-28.818.89.84.81.30.1(0.0)34.8

    Indonesia-24.6-41.027.06.90.50.00.0(0.0)34.4

    Peru-35.3-33.021.78.01.80.20.0(0.0)31.7

    Azerbaijan-31.5-38.522.46.70.80.00.0(0.0)30.0

    Kyrgyzstan-52.9-29.013.34.00.70.00.0(0.0)18.0

    &R&D &T &Z&F

    Fig I.3.21

    Figure I.3.20

    How proficient are students in science?

    Percentage of students at the different levels of science proficiency

    Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of students at Levels 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

    &R&D&T&Z&F&A

    Fig I.3.21

    0000000-2.7596989712-0.407722637710.515829750525.967321609536.058959056720.36676921913.9236987553

    0000000-4.9152114385-1.098460335115.26260225528.779080029731.243193483615.38539850953.3160539487

    0000000-5.2395087603-1.094989224718.502388023433.14442877930.396925199710.54492038431.0768396285

    0000000-5.1948548106-1.426798692315.104217797429.377106470132.706973249914.16484834292.0252006367

    0000000-7.049764644-1.267978675221.313687448334.294228886525.6824884018.95405484851.4377970965

    0000000-7.5041646483-2.04653267620.888766344831.228628782426.228243825410.51617396061.5874897624

    0000000-8.1267221657-1.507023796925.165614706237.772451457922.65274376674.54109592020.2343481864

    0000000-7.4683485482-3.211011155116.26983548426.600876228729.514670890714.38335923462.5518984589

    0000000-8.8857146447-2.167898862521.102063424933.259032204425.75650890768.03255028320.7962316728

    0000000-9.9143856604-1.391052195523.796283295229.833866421925.35795034848.97672430250.7297377763

    0000000-8.7111386422-2.783545126417.499696270125.38238480625.714423623915.3160687594.5927427724

    0000000-9.156625482-3.395626906719.978199450728.428719028124.502513635211.45016310333.0881523941

    0000000-10.861927903-2.286708320726.069658592732.07711184121.15834087846.77424075120.7720117131

    0000000-10.6151129918-2.563148673121.82556400626.914834751225.342294450111.23927602461.4997691031

    0000000-9.3750958942-3.982270791518.052560798225.829986123925.131176075313.97989842663.6490118904

    0000000-10.5584778994-3.474517263721.314804084929.793983227324.11424337949.20883304911.5351410962

    0000000-10.3506291733-3.79815753125.509178249633.175956955821.78070687095.08642047150.298950748

    0000000-12.4608036118-2.260167606129.068005427335.530002515717.58071086252.98158373310.1187262435

    0000000-11.6975365599-3.058546639923.724515631428.680128401522.95248565628.72608852651.1606985846

    0000000-10.7017097746-4.070266348120.128328718927.337950124.971519762210.85828858261.9319367136

    0000000-11.1879543887-3.830243795322.665011245128.764641041322.17640281329.49259009741.883156619

    0000000-10.7426212752-4.431840627223.293999260429.927797400722.89372913167.52672141421.1832908906

    0000000-11.9323810237-3.823132404626.645909058431.114914749920.06162298015.90056885780.5214709255

    0000000-13.481905803-3.022096535128.913126814832.345640638318.06313529223.90699964990.2670952667

    0000000-12.4554783093-4.104767082626.017396915530.637761819520.05905253935.86413258090.8614107529

    0000000-13.519800532-3.477315361228.929038492532.447492318617.00568494594.25841680590.3622515439

    0000000-12.6473477207-4.664644072225.581728973128.834284692719.91393189417.15675328591.2013093614

    0000000-12.4745420682-5.467585432425.820469016630.448422002518.83070338356.12573485040.8325432463

    0000000-11.6814338852-6.36092988320.655569066127.192138017624.01715509419.04140723731.0513668169

    0000000-13.9109803417-4.193155209325.033063642227.545669465520.1401137297.88985632771.2871612845

    0000000-13.6243421319-4.605024855127.92386185932.328457175517.55008424953.7463593930.2218703359

    0000000-14.8957937406-3.586057940529.978378415631.114083970216.73005107763.49283336060.202801495

    0000000-13.3533757808-5.779335860525.629109289328.430815039818.69568597217.08951089491.0221671625

    0000000-14.2101042937-5.047540792527.59685456929.171378758517.74046052825.55322860740.6804324507

    0000000-12.1651102889-7.106442906322.072804287928.849945507521.67206431327.30924629080.8243864054

    0000000-14.5142887664-6.115488912925.4676483229.462197130618.64335160385.30925770330.487767563

    0000000-14.2673539781-6.674046706223.842273225726.607844519520.5813540417.05037216540.9767553641

    0000000-16.5036193805-5.49335133230.665850880529.035987088513.94207379453.91253013480.4465873891

    0000000-15.2597306374-8.440526068424.30886497227.123568711718.15351330066.01650311160.6972931983

    0000000-18.1234896751-7.156551378229.798078208827.874707441213.98678999792.78456063820.2758226606

    0000000-23.041592054-6.936285415634.545805318325.21034627199.14374160121.07378367210.048445667

    0000000-19.4966297726-11.04620268826.01652991622.930886857214.9296929164.78205187140.7980059788

    0000000-23.9198840417-8.35462735235.165431737723.61456510817.85724142271.05715165020.0310986876

    0000000-19.2284270855-13.87219740826.012566255724.125492882512.82592776793.48153835450.4538502459

    0000000-24.2513687572-10.134263975233.872686364223.61610615547.08289597611.01784855390.0248302181

    0000000-22.2712227311-16.544697043726.620470958920.997333932510.91687803832.44172353250.207673763

    0000000-29.4659053647-11.927540318934.120651611419.70310546934.38555365040.38465421790.0125893673

    0000000-25.6288810321-16.961438034729.264314394219.53572006837.09941630791.40813543680.102094726

    0000000-30.6139361082-12.184584194634.697742093317.4700762974.41474378890.58887630330.0300412149

    0000000-27.5969901554-18.03665138932.203154755817.5721512374.12008290050.45963599780.0113335646

    0000000-32.8412798361-14.516276099333.570055601915.78302040043.08799511230.19581806480.0055548851

    0000000-24.8504899951-25.05292249225.156348907215.97039619787.10475851351.76544197270.0996419217

    0000000-27.2130924152-25.197964718126.700845513115.40821635934.82838647970.61679316380.0347013508

    0000000-31.3904561898-22.175483536529.445085554313.60428382783.1375689680.24712192360

    0000000-32.3838637458-21.349691284630.906898206913.01670941962.18322098360.15117220350.0084441559

    0000000-33.6914366021-20.393913213730.183770114413.11164793952.48174435350.13513386230.0023539145

    0000000-34.4712802405-19.710346471228.783586098312.61681086423.85153128880.55339786980.0130471672

    0000000-32.9639850276-22.449465651727.85561329712.7947162433.61147682610.31165651820.0130864364

    0000000-30.9845865663-26.305592940327.657344731712.91148928132.04816726330.0928192170

    0000000-32.3541922321-32.777805079623.17207109189.30984579942.17585652030.21022927680

    0000000-28.78036821-36.423052398718.75163425459.80783360134.81087796631.28790330410.1383302651

    0000000-41.0263811243-24.567173840826.95291554516.91769387430.52895827010.00687734540

    0000000-33.0243410418-35.283445391621.70001521617.9944620821.79543591340.1823276860.0199726691

    0000000-38.4741212619-31.54546494522.43208291556.70690118380.81461819990.02681149380

    0000000-29.0438684691-52.913953696913.25415833774.00980625470.73559050990.04262273170

    Students at Level 1 or below

    Students at Level 2 or above

    Below Level 1

    Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Level 4

    Level 5

    Level 6

    Level 1

    Below Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Level 4

    Level 5

    Level 6

    %

    Fig I.3.22

    Figure I.3.21

    Comparing countries' performance in science

    MeanComparison countryCountries whose mean score is NOT statistically significantly different from that comparison country

    575Shanghai-China

    554FinlandHong Kong-China

    549Hong Kong-ChinaFinland

    542SingaporeJapan, Korea

    539JapanSingapore, Korea, New Zealand

    538KoreaSingapore, Japan, New Zealand

    532New ZealandJapan, Korea, Canada, Estonia, Australia, Netherlands

    529CanadaNew Zealand, Estonia, Australia, Netherlands

    528EstoniaNew Zealand, Canada, Australia, Netherlands, Germany, Liechtenstein

    527AustraliaNew Zealand, Canada, Estonia, Netherlands, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Liechtenstein

    522NetherlandsNew Zealand, Canada, Estonia, Australia, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Slovenia

    520Chinese TaipeiAustralia, Netherlands, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, United Kingdom

    520GermanyEstonia, Australia, Netherlands, Chinese Taipei, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, United Kingdom

    520LiechtensteinEstonia, Australia, Netherlands, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom

    517SwitzerlandNetherlands, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Liechtenstein, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Macao-China

    514United KingdomNetherlands, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Slovenia, Macao-China, Poland, Ireland

    512SloveniaNetherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Macao-China, Poland, Ireland, Belgium

    511Macao-ChinaSwitzerland, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Poland, Ireland, Belgium

    508PolandUnited Kingdom, Slovenia, Macao-China, Ireland, Belgium, Hungary, United States

    508IrelandUnited Kingdom, Slovenia, Macao-China, Poland, Belgium, Hungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway

    507BelgiumSlovenia, Macao-China, Poland, Ireland, Hungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, France

    503HungaryPoland, Ireland, Belgium, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Sweden, Austria

    502United StatesPoland, Ireland, Belgium, Hungary, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal

    500Czech RepublicIreland, Belgium, Hungary, United States, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal

    500NorwayIreland, Belgium, Hungary, United States, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal

    499DenmarkHungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal

    498FranceBelgium, Hungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic

    496IcelandUnited States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic

    495SwedenHungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy

    494AustriaHungary, United States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy, Spain, Croatia

    494LatviaUnited States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy, Spain, Croatia

    493PortugalUnited States, Czech Republic, Norway, Denmark, France, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy, Spain, Croatia

    491LithuaniaFrance, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Italy, Spain, Croatia

    490Slovak RepublicFrance, Iceland, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Italy, Spain, Croatia

    489ItalySweden, Austria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Croatia

    488SpainAustria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy, Croatia, Luxembourg

    486CroatiaAustria, Latvia, Portugal, Lithuania, Slovak Republic, Italy, Spain, Luxembourg, Russian Federation

    484LuxembourgSpain, Croatia, Russian Federation

    478Russian FederationCroatia, Luxembourg, Greece

    470GreeceRussian Federation, Dubai (UAE)

    466Dubai (UAE)Greece

    455IsraelTurkey, Chile

    454TurkeyIsrael, Chile

    447ChileIsrael, Turkey, Serbia, Bulgaria

    443SerbiaChile, Bulgaria

    439BulgariaChile, Serbia, Romania, Uruguay

    428RomaniaBulgaria, Uruguay, Thailand

    427UruguayBulgaria, Romania, Thailand

    425ThailandRomania, Uruguay

    416MexicoJordan

    415JordanMexico, Trinidad and Tobago

    410Trinidad and TobagoJordan, Brazil

    405BrazilTrinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Montenegro, Argentina, Tunisia, Kazakhstan

    402ColombiaBrazil, Montenegro, Argentina, Tunisia, Kazakhstan

    401MontenegroBrazil, Colombia, Argentina, Tunisia, Kazakhstan

    401ArgentinaBrazil, Colombia, Montenegro, Tunisia, Kazakhstan, Albania

    401TunisiaBrazil, Colombia, Montenegro, Argentina, Kazakhstan

    400KazakhstanBrazil, Colombia, Montenegro, Argentina, Tunisia, Albania

    391AlbaniaArgentina, Kazakhstan, Indonesia

    383IndonesiaAlbania, Qatar, Panama, Azerbaijan

    379QatarIndonesia, Panama

    376PanamaIndonesia, Qatar, Azerbaijan, Peru

    373AzerbaijanIndonesia, Panama, Peru

    369PeruPanama, Azerbaijan

    330Kyrgyzstan

    Statistically significantly above the OECD average

    Not statistically significantly different from the OECD average

    Statistically significantly below the OECD average

    &R&D&T&Z&F&A&F

    Data F I.3.23

    Figure I.3.22

    Where countries rank in science performance

    Statistically significantly above the OECD average

    Not statistically significantly different from the OECD average

    Statistically significantly below the OECD average

    Science

    S.E.Range of rank

    OECD countriesAll countries/economies

    Mean scoreUpper rankLower rankUpper rankLower rank

    Shanghai-China575(2.3)11

    Finland554(2.3)1123

    Hong Kong-China549(2.8)23

    Singapore542(1.4)46

    Japan539(3.4)2346

    Korea538(3.4)2447

    New Zealand532(2.6)3669

    Canada529(1.6)47710

    Estonia528(2.7)48711

    Australia527(2.5)48711

    Netherlands522(5.4)411716

    Chinese Taipei520(2.6)1115

    Germany520(2.8)7101015

    Liechtenstein520(3.4)1016

    Switzerland517(2.8)8121217

    United Kingdom514(2.5)9131419

    Slovenia512(1.1)10131619

    Macao-China511(1.0)1619

    Poland508(2.4)12161722

    Ireland508(3.3)11171623

    Belgium507(2.5)12171824

    Hungary503(3.1)13211927

    United States502(3.6)13221929

    Czech Republic500(3.0)15232129

    Norway500(2.6)16232129

    Denmark499(2.5)16232230

    France498(3.6)16252233

    Iceland496(1.4)20252632

    Sweden495(2.7)19262534

    Austria494(3.2)19282536

    Latvia494(3.1)2535

    Portugal493(2.9)21282736

    Lithuania491(2.9)2837

    Slovak Republic490(3.0)23292937

    Italy489(1.8)25283237

    Spain488(2.1)25293237

    Croatia486(2.8)3339

    Luxembourg484(1.2)28293739

    Russian Federation478(3.3)3840

    Greece470(4.0)30303941

    Dubai (UAE)466(1.2)4041

    Israel455(3.1)31324243

    Turkey454(3.6)31334244

    Chile447(2.9)32334345

    Serbia443(2.4)4446

    Bulgaria439(5.9)4447

    Romania428(3.4)4749

    Uruguay427(2.6)4749

    Thailand425(3.0)4749

    Mexico416(1.8)34345051

    Jordan415(3.5)5052

    Trinidad and Tobago410(1.2)5153

    Brazil405(2.4)5256

    Colombia402(3.6)5358

    Montenegro401(2.0)5458

    Argentina401(4.6)5359

    Tunisia401(2.7)5358

    Kazakhstan400(3.1)5358

    Albania391(3.9)5860

    Indonesia383(3.8)5962

    Qatar379(0.9)6062

    Panama376(5.7)6064

    Azerbaijan373(3.1)6264

    Peru369(3.5)6264

    Kyrgyzstan330(2.9)6565

    Fig I.3.23

    Table I.3.6OLD Table 7.2a

    Mean score, variation and gender differences in student performance on the science scale

    Gender differences

    All studentsBoysGirls

    Mean scoreMean scoreScore differenceOECD

    Column1Column52Column6Column8Column9Column92

    Jordan415398433-350

    Albania391377406-290

    Dubai (UAE)466453480-270

    Qatar379366393-260

    Kyrgyzstan330318340-220

    Bulgaria439430450-200

    Trinidad and Tobago410401419-180

    Lithuania491483500-170

    Finland554546562-150

    Slovenia512505519-140

    Thailand425418431-130

    Montenegro401395408-130

    Turkey454448460-120

    Japan539534545-120

    Romania428423433-100

    Greece470465475-100

    Indonesia383378387-90

    Croatia486482491-90

    Kazakhstan400396405-90

    Argentina401397404-80

    Azerbaijan373370377-70

    Latvia494490497-70

    New Zealand532529535-60

    Poland508505511-60

    Czech Republic500498503-50

    Sweden495493497-40

    Norway500498502-40

    Portugal493491495-30

    Russian Federation478477480-30

    Israel455453456-30

    Ireland508507509-30

    Macao-China511510512-20

    Korea538537539-20

    Panama376375377-20

    Italy489488490-20

    Serbia443442443-10

    Uruguay427427428-10

    Singapore542541542-10

    Chinese Taipei520520521-10

    Australia527527528-10

    Estonia528527528-10

    Slovak Republic490490491-10

    Shanghai-China575574575-10

    Hungary50350350300

    Tunisia40140140010

    Iceland49649649520

    Hong Kong-China54955054830

    Brazil40540740430

    France49850049730

    Netherlands52252452040

    Peru36937236750

    Canada52953152650

    Germany52052351860

    Belgium50751050360

    Mexico41641941360

    Luxembourg48448748070

    Spain48849248570

    Austria49449849080

    Switzerland51752051280

    Chile44745244390

    United Kingdom51451950990

    Denmark499505494120

    United States502509495140

    Liechtenstein520527511160

    Colombia402413392210

    Trend Points275700

    Trend Points275700

    &R&D &T &Z&F

    Fig I.3.a

    Figure I.3.23

    Gender differences in science performance

    Figure I.3.23Gender differences in science performanceNote: Statistically significant gender differences are marked in a darker tone (see Annex A3).Countries are ranked in ascending order of the score-point difference (girls - boys).Source: OECD PISA 2009 Database, Table I.3.6.

    &R&D&T&Z&F&F&A

    All students Boys Girls

    Mean score on the science scale

    Gender difference (girls - boys)

    Fig I.3.a

    397.9763516955433.0569861847415.3877540497

    376.5221284113405.6125943071390.6957520371

    453.1862417459480.350428669466.4714535284

    366.4874788031392.899676383379.4472444445

    318.4528496407340.0054388951329.5456404194

    429.7279056111449.5993653084439.2941623464

    401.1247017065419.0971060803410.1956396741

    482.9358547495500.1240241779491.4097918515

    546.3518570932561.8389201244554.0795449133

    504.9656610416518.8273475441511.7593645253

    417.8772804001430.9508007347425.2962888998

    395.1028421866407.7497577483401.2775693213

    448.0324430016460.176007292453.9096976859

    533.7868615094545.4474118401539.4310038991

    423.1197304433433.0544442474428.1788990787

    465.1717039643474.8864756711470.1157679089

    378.1240507553386.9337747568382.5694396054

    482.2283908076491.0235018307486.363425008

    396.1718166962404.7037336609400.3761374035

    396.6673884403404.4362759517400.8385696906

    369.6838438992376.8510396082373.1835433364

    490.431693391497.2362967495493.8789144149

    528.9870818731535.1536305193532.0068798152

    505.116947695511.0227509931508.0682942705

    498.2316715604503.07436947500.4971185178

    493.3166726769496.9519640229495.1058855346

    498.1245889058501.7071282376499.8756744815

    491.1658260022494.6556026842492.9499884751

    476.7468962488479.820980977478.297502569

    453.43926562456.2126358896454.8509606635

    506.6442712506509.3584604959507.9841617295

    509.8457622709512.3234258634511.0695206792

    536.843944132539.2613443052537.9861800012

    374.9202366496376.8572483771375.8955512209

    487.8918086381489.8249064349488.8313285603

    442.1751142572443.4021238496442.7857876371

    426.6072583924427.7531377239427.2142928748

    541.1443154561542.2655610196541.6955115475

    519.9409483941520.9084116945520.4197575957

    526.7989884885527.7218945765527.2705429989

    527.4413631827528.2507345026527.8317383803

    489.9787498237490.5479490141490.265892534

    574.3329212763574.8967078494574.6173546933

    502.6980530939502.5864880559502.6427394169

    400.9262696493400.4212800217400.6614989143

    496.492263855494.7146071694495.5984638072

    550.2354587312547.6720270644549.0286859115

    407.1654616024403.8475079763405.4039577112

    499.9391184504496.5987052493498.2269014708

    524.1880017853520.2693327305522.2181511364

    371.585063683367.0732109845369.351773651

    531.0117657035526.3676313569528.7049624122

    523.097198855517.5939089716520.4053728749

    509.7263086465503.2850533457506.5754904804

    419.169677987412.724955089415.9086748177

    487.2827687249480.4832402402483.9281223531

    491.7967422853484.5951491879488.2546330572

    498.339878317490.4653268788494.3276559926

    520.4885856738512.4926296104516.5675176813

    451.8783197902442.8793288888447.4673542001

    518.5211340222509.0752760126513.7102430595

    505.1749877034493.6156874104499.3369710438

    508.6896458815494.952063223502.0022921187

    527.3876564162511.490002439519.9140175199

    412.8683917875391.6431810005401.7501110768

    Boys

    Girls

    All students

    Mean score

    DataFI.3.b

    -35.08063448920.0930952999

    -29.09046589580.0930952999

    -27.16418692310.0930952999

    -26.41219757990.0930952999

    -21.55258925440.0930952999

    -19.87145969730.0930952999

    -17.97240437380.0930952999

    -17.18816942840.0930952999

    -15.48706303120.0930952999

    -13.86168650250.0930952999

    -13.07352033460.0930952999

    -12.64691556170.0930952999

    -12.14356429030.0930952999

    -11.66055033070.0930952999

    -9.93471380410.0930952999

    -9.71477170690.0930952999

    -8.80972400150.0930952999

    -8.79511102310.0930952999

    -8.53191696470.0930952999

    -7.76888751140.0930952999

    -7.1671957090.0930952999

    -6.80460335840.0930952999

    -6.16654864610.0930952999

    -5.90580329810.0930952999

    -4.84269790960.0930952999

    -3.6352913460.0930952999

    -3.58253933180.0930952999

    -3.4897766820.0930952999

    -3.07408472820.0930952999

    -2.77337026960.0930952999

    -2.71418924530.0930952999

    -2.47766359240.0930952999

    -2.41740017320.0930952999

    -1.93701172750.0930952999

    -1.93309779680.0930952999

    -1.22700959250.0930952999

    -1.14587933140.0930952999

    -1.12124556350.0930952999

    -0.96746330040.0930952999

    -0.9229060880.0930952999

    -0.80937131990.0930952999

    -0.56919919040.0930952999

    -0.56378657310.0930952999

    0.11156503790.0930952999

    0.50498962760.0930952999

    1.77765668570.0930952999

    2.56343166680.0930952999

    3.31795362610.0930952999

    3.34041320110.0930952999

    3.91866905480.0930952999

    4.51185269850.0930952999

    4.64413434660.0930952999

    5.50328988340.0930952999

    6.44125530080.0930952999

    6.4447228980.0930952999

    6.79952848470.0930952999

    7.20159309740.0930952999

    7.87455143830.0930952999

    7.99595606340.0930952999

    8.99899090140.0930952999

    9.44585800970.0930952999

    11.55930029310.0930952999

    13.73758265860.0930952999

    15.89765397710.0930952999

    21.2252107870.0930952999

    OECD average0 score-point

    Boys perform better

    Girls perform better

    Score difference

    OECD

    Score point difference

    Fig I.3.b

    Figure I.3.aOverlapping of top performers in reading, mathematics and science on average in the OECD

    Source: OECD PISA 2009 Database, Table I.3.7.

    82.1%

    Reading , mathematics and science 4.1%

    Mathematics and science 2.5%

    Mathematics only 5.0%

    Reading only 1.6%

    Reading and mathematics 1.2%

    Science only 1.2%

    Non-top performers in any of the three domains: 83.7%

    Reading and science 0.8%

    Data(III.2.3)

    Table I.3.7

    Mean score and percentage of top performers in reading, mathematics and science

    READMathematicsScience

    Mean scoreTop performersMean scoreTop performersMean scoreTop performers

    Level 5(from 633.33 to 707.93 score points)Level 6(above 707.93 score points)Sum (Level 5 + Level 6)Level 5(from 633.33 to 707.93 score points)Level 6(above 707.93 score points)Sum (Level 5 + Level 6)Level 5(from 606.99 to 669.30 score points)Level 6(above 669.30 score points)Sum (Level 5 + Level 6)

    Mean%%Mean%%Mean%%

    Column1Column2Column3Level 5Level 6Column4Column1Column2concatenate colW colVLevel 5Level 6Lev5+6Column1Column2Column3Level 5Level 6SUM Level 5+6

    362AzerbaijanAzerbaijan (362)0.00.00.0331KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan (331)0.00.00.0383IndonesiaIndonesia (383)0.00.00.0

    402IndonesiaIndonesia (402)0.00.00.0371IndonesiaIndonesia (371)0.10.00.1373AzerbaijanAzerbaijan (373)0.00.00.0

    314KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan (314)0.10.00.1381ColombiaColombia (381)0.10.00.1330KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan (330)0.00.00.0

    385AlbaniaAlbania (385)0.20.00.2371TunisiaTunisia (371)0.20.00.3391AlbaniaAlbania (391)0.10.00.1

    404TunisiaTunisia (404)0.20.00.2387JordanJordan (387)0.30.00.3402ColombiaColombia (402)0.10.00.1

    405JordanJordan (405)0.20.00.2360PanamaPanama (360)0.40.00.4401TunisiaTunisia (401)0.20.00.2

    421ThailandThailand (421)0.30.00.3377AlbaniaAlbania (377)0.40.00.4416MexicoMexico (416)0.20.00.2

    390KazakhstanKazakhstan (390)0.40.00.4365PeruPeru (365)0.50.10.6369PeruPeru (369)0.20.00.2

    425MexicoMexico (425)0.40.00.4419MexicoMexico (419)0.70.00.7376PanamaPanama (376)0.20.00.2

    370PeruPeru (370)0.40.00.5386BrazilBrazil (386)0.70.10.8401MontenegroMontenegro (401)0.20.00.2

    371PanamaPanama (371)0.50.00.5388ArgentinaArgentina (388)0.80.10.9400KazakhstanKazakhstan (400)0.30.00.3

    413ColombiaColombia (413)0.50.00.6403MontenegroMontenegro (403)0.90.11.0428RomaniaRomania (428)0.40.00.4

    408MontenegroMontenegro (408)0.60.00.6431AzerbaijanAzerbaijan (431)0.90.21.1415JordanJordan (415)0.50.00.5

    424RomaniaRomania (424)0.70.00.7405KazakhstanKazakhstan (405)0.90.31.2405BrazilBrazil (405)0.60.00.6

    442SerbiaSerbia (442)0.80.00.8427RomaniaRomania (427)1.20.11.3425ThailandThailand (425)0.60.00.6

    398ArgentinaArgentina (398)0.90.11.0419ThailandThailand (419)1.00.31.3401ArgentinaArgentina (401)0.60.00.7

    449ChileChile (449)1.30.01.3421ChileChile (421)1.20.11.3443SerbiaSerbia (443)1.00.01.0

    412BrazilBrazil (412)1.20.11.3368QatarQatar (368)1.50.31.8447ChileChile (447)1.10.01.1

    372QatarQatar (372)1.50.21.7427UruguayUruguay (427)2.10.32.4454TurkeyTurkey (454)1.10.01.1

    426UruguayUruguay (426)1.70.11.8414Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago (414)2.10.32.5379QatarQatar (379)1.30.11.4

    464TurkeyTurkey (464)1.80.01.9442SerbiaSerbia (442)2.90.63.5427UruguayUruguay (427)1.40.11.5

    416Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago (416)2.10.22.3428BulgariaBulgaria (428)3.00.83.8410Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago (410)1.80.11.9

    429BulgariaBulgaria (429)2.60.22.8460CroatiaCroatia (460)4.30.64.9439BulgariaBulgaria (439)2.40.22.6

    487Macao-ChinaMacao-China (487)2.80.12.9468Russian FederationRussian Federation (468)4.31.05.2470GreeceGreece (470)2.80.33.1

    468LithuaniaLithuania (468)2.80.12.9445TurkeyTurkey (445)4.41.35.6494LatviaLatvia (494)3.00.13.1

    484LatviaLatvia (484)2.90.12.9482LatviaLatvia (482)5.10.65.7486CroatiaCroatia (486)3.50.23.7

    459Russian FederationRussian Federation (459)2.80.33.2466GreeceGreece (466)4.90.85.7455IsraelIsrael (455)3.50.53.9

    476CroatiaCroatia (476)3.10.13.2447IsraelIsrael (447)4.71.25.9488SpainSpain (488)3.70.24.0

    481SpainSpain (481)3.20.23.3453Dubai (UAE)Dubai (UAE) (453)5.31.26.5493PortugalPortugal (493)3.90.34.2

    477Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic (477)4.20.34.5487IrelandIreland (487)5.80.96.7478Russian FederationRussian Federation (478)3.90.44.4

    483SloveniaSlovenia (483)4.30.34.6477LithuaniaLithuania (477)5.71.37.0491LithuaniaLithuania (491)4.30.44.6

    499LiechtensteinLiechtenstein (499)4.20.44.6483SpainSpain (483)6.71.38.0511Macao-ChinaMacao-China (511)4.50.24.8

    495DenmarkDenmark (495)4.40.34.7483ItalyItaly (483)7.41.69.0503HungaryHungary (503)5.10.35.4

    489PortugalPortugal (489)4.60.24.8487PortugalPortugal (487)7.71.99.6466Dubai (UAE)Dubai (UAE) (466)4.80.85.6

    470AustriaAustria (470)4.50.44.9492United KingdomUnited Kingdom (492)8.11.89.8489ItalyItaly (489)5.30.55.8

    478Czech RepublicCzech Republic (478)4.70.45.1487United StatesUnited States (487)8.01.99.9490Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic (490)5.60.76.2

    495Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei (495)4.80.45.2490HungaryHungary (490)8.12.010.1500NorwayNorway (500)5.90.56.4

    459Dubai (UAE)Dubai (UAE) (459)4.80.55.3498NorwayNorway (498)8.41.810.2484LuxembourgLuxembourg (484)6.00.76.7

    483GreeceGreece (483)5.00.65.6495PolandPoland (495)8.22.210.4499DenmarkDenmark (499)5.90.96.7

    472LuxembourgLuxembourg (472)5.20.55.7489LuxembourgLuxembourg (489)9.02.311.4496IcelandIceland (496)6.10.87.0

    486ItalyItaly (486)5.40.45.8494SwedenSweden (494)8.92.511.4508PolandPoland (508)6.80.87.5

    501EstoniaEstonia (501)5.40.66.1503DenmarkDenmark (503)9.12.511.6495AustriaAustria (495)7.11.08.0

    494HungaryHungary (494)5.80.36.1493Czech RepublicCzech Republic (493)8.53.211.6495SwedenSweden (495)7.11.08.1

    496IrelandIreland (496)6.30.77.0512EstoniaEstonia (512)9.82.212.1498FranceFrance (498)7.30.88.1

    500PolandPoland (500)6.50.77.2497Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic (497)9.13.612.7500Czech RepublicCzech Republic (500)7.21.28.4

    474IsraelIsrael (474)6.41.07.4496OECD averageOECD average (496)9.63.112.7501OECD averageOECD average (501)7.41.18.5

    497GermanyGermany (497)7.00.67.6496AustriaAustria (496)9.93.012.9508IrelandIreland (508)7.51.28.7

    492OECD averageOECD average (492)7.01.07.9507IcelandIceland (507)10.53.113.6520Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei (520)8.00.88.8

    494United KingdomUnited Kingdom (494)7.01.08.0497FranceFrance (497)10.43.313.7502United StatesUnited States (502)7.91.39.2

    501SwitzerlandSwitzerland (501)7.40.78.1501SloveniaSlovenia (501)10.33.914.2520LiechtensteinLiechtenstein (520)9.00.79.7

    503NorwayNorway (503)7.60.88.4514AustraliaAustralia (514)11.94.516.4512SloveniaSlovenia (512)8.71.29.9

    500IcelandIceland (500)7.51.08.5525Macao-ChinaMacao-China (525)12.84.317.1507BelgiumBelgium (507)9.01.110.1

    497SwedenSweden (497)7.71.39.0513GermanyGermany (513)13.24.617.8528EstoniaEstonia (528)9.01.410.4

    496FranceFrance (496)8.51.19.6536LiechtensteinLiechtenstein (536)13.05.018.1517SwitzerlandSwitzerland (517)9.21.510.7

    508NetherlandsNetherlands (508)9.10.79.8527CanadaCanada (527)13.94.418.3514United KingdomUnited Kingdom (514)9.51.911.4

    500United StatesUnited States (500)8.41.59.9519New ZealandNew Zealand (519)13.65.318.9538KoreaKorea (538)10.51.111.6

    506BelgiumBelgium (506)10.11.111.2526NetherlandsNetherlands (526)15.44.419.9529CanadaCanada (529)10.51.612.1

    533Hong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-China (533)11.21.212.4515BelgiumBelgium (515)14.65.820.4522NetherlandsNetherlands (522)11.21.512.7

    524CanadaCanada (524)11.01.812.8529JapanJapan (529)14.76.220.9520GermanyGermany (520)10.91.912.8

    515AustraliaAustralia (515)10.72.112.8541FinlandFinland (541)16.74.921.7527AustraliaAustralia (527)11.53.114.5

    539KoreaKorea (539)11.91.012.9534SwitzerlandSwitzerland (534)16.37.824.1549Hong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-China (549)14.22.016.2

    520JapanJapan (520)11.51.913.4546KoreaKorea (546)17.77.825.6539JapanJapan (539)14.42.616.9

    536FinlandFinland (536)12.91.614.5543Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei (543)17.211.328.6532New ZealandNew Zealand (532)14.03.617.6

    526SingaporeSingapore (526)13.12.615.7555Hong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-China (555)19.910.830.7554FinlandFinland (554)15.43.318.7

    521New ZealandNew Zealand (521)12.92.915.7562SingaporeSingapore (562)20.015.635.6542SingaporeSingapore (542)15.34.619.9

    556Shanghai-ChinaShanghai-China (556)17.02.419.5600Shanghai-ChinaShanghai-China (600)23.826.650.4575Shanghai-ChinaShanghai-China (575)20.43.924.3

    Fig 7.3-alternaitve

    Figure I.3.b

    Top performers in reading, mathematics and science

    Percentage of students reaching the two highest levels of proficiencyLevel 5

    Level 6

    Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of top performers (Levels 5 and 6).

    Fig 7.3-alternaitve

    0.03915223690

    0.07517618760

    0.11554153010.0001731937

    0.2478199370.0156969339

    0.26641090810.0004612899

    0.35487499280.0235124298

    0.39443008010.0117324898

    0.53308181010.0923053325

    0.65948741490.048070495

    0.72886821840.0700381705

    0.79343063250.0656100103

    0.9077342090.0524928322

    0.853413070.2261448448

    0.9000530310.257975862

    1.17951633980.0759062367

    0.97925177780.2792064104

    1.20874771040.1138395287

    1.48977733670.2872635274

    2.08276447070.3340737474

    2.1180334630.3440927434

    2.91161298070.6261606673

    3.02755476660.7533171493

    4.30164226540.6212806272

    4.25553736030.9801937356

    4.37775282731.2629419469

    5.08383815540.6189716348

    4.90902284060.819361469

    4.7003571571.1697486686

    5.2558312261.2179851021

    5.78789406770.8694675211

    5.67483696941.300995008

    6.73426434041.3157154074

    7.36148441061.5997174586

    7.71753149591.9143869906

    8.09124417091.758539419

    8.03532622051.8808255342

    8.13688864781.9567303653

    8.40360516141.8135866704

    8.22875114792.1596719594

    9.00871164432.3446479164

    8.88506885392.4976015407

    9.07388059032.4913706646

    8.46338535023.1737665603

    9.84510475252.2324862811

    9.08941618173.6098037245

    9.64636196363.0614932306

    9.91092800453.0388771631

    10.48727906793.1008801728

    10.42468105693.2552028593

    10.34128939363.8654047768

    11.93717412414.4885617564

    12.84646773244.2933088093

    13.22242169954.6254090066

    13.03232293495.0217031184

    13.89209899184.3880398767

    13.62867925745.2585332623

    15.43496570244.4201317882

    14.55029038235.8200913139

    14.70641994226.1740941975

    16.73054562154.9257964888

    16.27276672457.8482587371

    17.71884180787.8492083176

    17.246720071211.3113354758

    19.8990543910.7563056555

    19.985095016515.6274233837

    23.784291857726.6440699888

    Level 5

    Level 6

    %

    0.00687734540

    0.02681149380

    0.04262273170

    0.0928192170

    0.13513386230.0023539145

    0.15117220350.0084441559

    0.19581806480.0055548851

    0.1823276860.0199726691

    0.21022927680

    0.24712192360

    0.31165651820.0130864364

    0.38465421790.0125893673

    0.45963599780.0113335646

    0.55339786980.0130471672

    0.58887630330.0300412149

    0.61679316380.0347013508

    1.01784855390.0248302181

    1.05715165020.0310986876

    1.07378367210.048445667

    1.28790330410.1383302651

    1.40813543680.102094726

    1.76544197270.0996419217

    2.44172353250.207673763

    2.78456063820.2758226606

    2.98158373310.1187262435

    3.49283336060.202801495

    3.48153835450.4538502459

    3.7463593930.2218703359

    3.90699964990.2670952667

    3.91253013480.4465873891

    4.25841680590.3622515439

    4.54109592020.2343481864

    5.08642047150.298950748

    4.78205187140.7980059788

    5.30925770330.487767563

    5.55322860740.6804324507

    5.90056885780.5214709255

    6.01650311160.6972931983

    5.86413258090.8614107529

    6.12573485040.8325432463

    6.77424075120.7720117131

    7.05037216540.9767553641

    7.08951089491.0221671625

    7.30924629080.8243864054

    7.15675328591.2013093614

    7.37291796241.1388235567

    7.52672141421.1832908906

    8.03255028320.7962316728

    7.88985632771.2871612845

    8.97672430250.7297377763

    8.72608852651.1606985846

    9.04140723731.0513668169

    8.95405484851.4377970965

    9.20883304911.5351410962

    9.49259009741.883156619

    10.54492038431.0768396285

    10.51617396061.5874897624

    11.23927602461.4997691031

    10.85828858261.9319367136

    11.45016310333.0881523941

    14.16484834292.0252006367

    14.38335923462.5518984589

    13.97989842663.6490118904

    15.38539850953.3160539487

    15.3160687594.5927427724

    20.36676921913.9236987553

    Level 5

    Level 6

    %

    0.01256737930

    0.01635536770

    0.10836993460

    0.16387574090.001838143

    0.2024780630.0079537817

    0.23574625260.0028066573

    0.28813799980.0028118881

    0.35576800260.0028519367

    0.39530029430.0081642765

    0.44515393050.0416086418

    0.51968652130.0253964411

    0.5361787140.0146093174

    0.58913491970.017842599

    0.7033519030.0123774251

    0.7901554930.0218879394

    0.91526751240.0674054446

    1.25638763940.0187822472

    1.20673227410.1006412

    1.51320310180.2107921019

    1.66050262430.0903503713

    1.84433886820.0309808721

    2.08483712460.1667866751

    2.59470640770.1869667959

    2.80150771490.0736721932

    2.77539809620.1493182792

    2.8685012220.0769173171

    2.82207507810.3280408939

    3.058310140.1330982037

    3.18226614420.1614584745

    4.22328713580.2521215743

    4.34030866480.2548344775

    4.23629909540.3958624375

    4.39671287680.3065051233

    4.57469721950.2282733166

    4.53555258730.3643081526

    4.71764036620.3954454198

    4.78154651310.4060148729

    4.83104441060.4878049616

    5.00817912390.606164645

    5.19903891550.4676003539

    5.37898932730.4347879747

    5.40038621010.6497912231

    5.78851023020.2699200008

    6.29332415630.6872347944

    6.54020994370.6684542265

    6.41624168521.014143972

    7.00127252860.6369443598

    6.96347702110.9806159514

    7.03744656410.996763055

    7.37661144840.7288679062

    7.60870237860.7970573869

    7.50626077961.0127007938

    7.70513929481.3270896158

    8.47487124131.089743715

    9.06116565340.7473839661

    8.35328351171.5063753827

    10.07820319981.1055955899

    11.21268016871.2104888582

    10.95666208081.796726486

    10.67147045842.094724337

    11.85015126811.0499514282

    11.48572107841.9364052225

    12.88927593191.6115810075

    13.06413152642.6321300638

    12.8795379762.851473022

    17.04950496642.4430367993

    Level 5

    Level 6

    %

    Data(III.2.3)

    Mean score, variation and gender differences in student performance on the science scale

    Gender differences

    MalesFemalesDifference (M - F)

    Mean scoreMean scoreScore dif.

    Column1Column2Column3Column4

    A0084964951

    A031534545-11

    A0403723675

    A056477480-3

    A076488490-2

    A100498502-4

    A158510512-2

    A1705245204

    A2035235186

    A2465105046

    A344541542-1

    A348493497-4

    A3724074043

    A376482491-9

    A380453456-3

    A4284984918

    A442427428-1

    A446520521-1

    A528491495-3

    A6045035030

    A616537539-2

    A620498503-5

    A634490490-1

    A6425505483

    A6434014001

    A688527528-1

    A705507509-3

    A7645004973

    A780529535-6

    A788574575-1

    A792442443-1

    A858527528-1

    A398375377-2

    A032397404-8

    A036418431-13

    A124483500-17

    A15241339221

    A15652751116

    A191430450-20

    A2085205128

    A233453480-27

    A2505195099

    A276423433-10

    A30050549412

    A352377406-29

    A360490497-7

    A392396405-9

    A400395408-13

    A410546562-15

    A4174874807

    A438448460-12

    A440318340-22

    A4845315265

    A499505511-6

    A5544914847

    A5784194136

    A591465475-10

    A702398433-35

    A703366393-26

    A7244524439

    A75250949514

    A756370377-7

    A784378387-9

    A826505519-14

    A840401419-18

    Trend Points275700700

    Trend Points275700700

    Reading

    Mathematics

    Science

    50%

    36%

    Fig 7.3

    Performance of males and females on the science scale

    &R&D&T&Z&F&A

    ColombiaColombiaColombiaColombia495.0603595276Colombia404.4339558282275

    LiechtensteinLiechtensteinLiechtensteinLiechtenstein545.0172332824Liechtenstein430.9508007347700

    BelgiumBelgiumBelgiumBelgium367.0732109845Belgium500.1240241779

    ChileChileChileChile479.820980977Chile391.6431810005

    United KingdomUnited KingdomUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom489.8249064349United Kingdom511.490002439

    United StatesUnited StatesUnited StatesUnited States501.7071282376United States449.5993653084

    SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland512.3234258634Switzerland512.4926296104

    LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg520.2693327305Luxembourg480.350428669

    AustriaAustriaAustriaAustria517.5939089716Austria509.0752760126

    SpainSpainSpainSpain503.5159417595Spain433.0544442474

    PeruPeruPeruPeru542.2655610196Peru493.6156874104

    NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlands496.9519640229Netherlands405.6125943071

    FranceFranceFranceFrance403.8475079763France497.2362967495

    DenmarkDenmarkDenmarkDenmark491.0235018307Denmark404.7037336609

    GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany456.2126358896Germany407.7449914926

    BrazilBrazilBrazilBrazil490.8831262364Brazil561.8389201244

    ItalyItalyItalyItaly427.7531377239Italy480.4832402402

    Hong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-ChinaHong Kong-China520.9084116945Hong Kong-China460.176007292

    GreeceGreeceGreeceGreece494.6556026842Greece340.0035420948

    MexicoMexicoMexicoMexico502.5864880559Mexico526.3676313569

    UruguayUruguayUruguayUruguay538.5166396628Uruguay511.0227509931

    TunisiaTunisiaTunisiaTunisia503.07436947Tunisia484.127774532

    MontenegroMontenegroMontenegroMontenegro490.4658953272Montenegro412.724955089

    HungaryHungaryHungaryHungary547.6720270644Hungary474.8864756711

    CanadaCanadaCanadaCanada400.4212800217Canada433.0569861847

    PortugalPortugalPortugalPortugal528.2507345026Portugal392.899676383

    SerbiaSerbiaSerbiaSerbia509.3584604959Serbia442.8793288888

    Macao-ChinaMacao-ChinaMacao-ChinaMacao-China496.9046189118Macao-China494.952063223

    TurkeyTurkeyTurkeyTurkey535.1536305193Turkey376.8510396082

    CroatiaCroatiaCroatiaCroatia574.8967078494Croatia386.9337747568

    ArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina443.2297623041Argentina518.8273475441

    AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia527.5876305401Australia419.0971060803

    JapanJapanJapanJapan376.8572483771Japan

    Females perform better than males

    Males perform better than females

    non-significant

    significant

    Trend

    Male score

    Female score

  • Cognitive Skills and Economic Growth

  • Secondary School Completion

    Chart1

    97.21407717411

    96.0159577203Ireland

    94.739822294Japan

    92.9935560644Finland

    92.9595144274Korea

    91.3873608298Greece

    91.2813856732Norway

    91.0893014625United Kingdom

    89.7174663758Switzerland

    89.5580701528Israel

    89.2386227478Iceland

    86.9310865713Czech Republic

    85.1132810992Slovenia

    85.0145993919Italy

    83.3777154693EU19 average

    82.7393214879Denmark

    82.6358393217Poland

    80.6698705244Slovak Republic

    79.9625745464OECD average

    78.1206904602Hungary

    77.946508719New Zealand

    76.66908239United States

    76.4040340391Sweden

    76.3499484799Canada

    73.3104945569Spain

    73.2323659268Luxembourg

    69.2266039527Chile

    62.9071765075Portugal

    44.0227274302Mexico

    26.2095236772Turkey

    secondary completion 2008

    Percent

    Secondary School Completion Rates

    Contents

    Education at a Glance 2010: OECD Indicators - OECD 2010

    Indicator A2: How many students finish secondary education and access tertiary education?

    Version 1 - Last updated: 06-Sep-2010

    Education at a Glance 2010

    Indicator A2: How many students finish secondary education and access tertiary education?

    Tables

    Table A2.1. Upper secondary graduation rates (2008)

    Table A2.2 Trends in graduation rates (first-time) at upper secondary level (1995-2008)

    Table A2.3. Entry rates into tertiary education and age distribution of new entrants (2008)

    Table A2.4. Trends in entry rates at tertiary level (1995-2008)

    Table A2.5 (Web only) Post-secondary non-tertiary graduation rates (2008)

    Table A2.6. (Web only) Percentage of new entrants into tertiary education and proportion of females, by field of education (2008)

    Charts

    Chart A2.1. Upper secondary graduation rate (2008)

    Chart A2.2. Access to tertiary-type A education for upper secondary graduates (2008)

    Chart A2.3. Entry rates into tertiary-type A education (1995, 2000 and 2008)

    Chart A2.4. Entry rates into tertiary-type B education (1995, 2008)

    Chart A2.5. Entry rates into tertiary-type A education: Impact of international students (2008)

    OECD 2010

    Education at a Glance 2010: OECD Indicators - OECD 2010

    T_A2.1

    Education at a Glance 2010: OECD Indicators - OECD 2010

    Indicator A2: How many students finish secondary education and access tertiary education?

    Version 1 - Last updated: 06-Sep-2010

    Table A2.1. Upper secondary graduation rates (2008)

    Sum of graduation rates for single year of age, by programme destination, programme orientation and gender

    Total (first-time graduates)General programmesPre-vocational/vocational programmesISCED 3A (designed to prepare for direct entry into tertiary-type A education)ISCED 3B (designed to prepare for direct entry into tertiary-type B education)ISCED 3C (long) similar to duration of typical 3A or 3B programmesISCED 3C (short) shorter than duration of typical 3A or 3B programmes

    M + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemalesM + FMalesFemales

    (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)

    OECD countries

    Australia2mmmm[=67][=66][=62][=73][=39][=19][=37][=41][=67][=62][=73]x(19)x(20)x(21)[=39][=37][=41]x(19)x(20)x(21)

    Austriammmm[=17]


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