Learning English Pronunciation sentence stress1
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Learning Beyond the ClassroomBy Anna
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• Today we are going to work on pronunciation• In particular we are going to focus on sentence
stress
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• Sentence stress is the music of spoken English.• Like word stress, sentence stress can help you to
understand spoken English, especially when spoken fast.
• Sentence stress is what gives English its rhythm or "beat".
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• In the last lesson we learnt that word stress is accent on one syllable within a word.
• Sentence stress is accent on certain words within a sentence.
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Most sentences have two types of word:• content words• structure words
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• Content words are the key words of a sentence.• They are the important words that carry the
meaning or sense.• Structure words are not very important words.• They are small, simple words that make the
sentence correct grammatically. • They give the sentence its correct form or
"structure".
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• If you remove the structure words from a sentence, you will probably still understand the sentence.
• If you remove the content words from a sentence, you will not understand the sentence. The sentence has no sense or meaning.
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• Imagine that you receive this telegram message:• This sentence is not complete. It is not a
"grammatically correct" sentence. • But you probably understand it. These 4 words
communicate a lot of meaning.• Somebody wants you to sell their car for them
because they have gone to France.
Sell Car Gone France
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• We can add a few words:
• The new words do not really add any more information.
• But they make the message more correct grammatically.
Sell My Car I’ve Gone To France
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• We can add even more words to make one complete, grammatically correct sentence.
• The information is basically the same• In our sentence, the 4 key words (sell, car,
gone, France) are accentuated or stressed.
Sell My Car Because I’ve Gone France
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• It is important because it adds "music" to the language.
• It is the rhythm of the English language. • It changes the speed at which we speak (and
listen to) the language. • The time between each stressed word is
the same.
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• In our sentence, there is 1 syllable between SELL and CAR
• There are 3 syllables between CAR and GONE. But the time (t) between SELL and CAR and between CAR and GONE is the same.
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• We maintain a constant beat on the stressed words.
• To do this, we say "my" more slowly, and "because I've" more quickly.
• We change the speed of the small structure words so that the rhythm of the key content words stays the same.
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• We maintain a constant beat on the stressed words.
• To do this, we say "my" more slowly, and "because I've" more quickly.
• We change the speed of the small structure words so that the rhythm of the key content words stays the same.
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The basic rules of sentence stress are:• content words are stressed• structure words are unstressed• the time between stressed words is always the
same
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Words carrying meaning Example
Main verbs Sell, Give, Employ
Nouns Car, Music, Mary
Adjectives Red, Big, Interesting
Adverbs Quickly, Loudly Never
negative auxiliaries Don’t, Aren’t, Can’t
Content words - Stressed
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Words for correct grammar Example
Pronouns he, we, they
Prepositions on, at, into
Articles a, an, the
Conjunctions and, but, because
Auxiliary Verbs do, be, have, can, must
Structure words - Not Stressed
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• These rules are for what is called "neutral" or normal stress.
• But sometimes we can stress a word that would normally be only a structure word, for example to correct information.
• "They've been to Mongolia, haven't they?""No, THEY haven't, but WE have.
• Note also that when "be" is used as a main verb, it is usually unstressed (even though in this case it is a content word).
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What did we learn today?• English is a stressed language• There are 2 types of stress words, content and
structure
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