LEARNINGLEARNING

MEANINGMEANING• Learning is CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR ACQUIRED THROUGH

PRACTICE, TRAINIG EXPERIENCE.

• This is supplemented with 5 components:

1. Performance

2. Permanent Change

3. Behavior

4. Practice & Experience

5. Reinforcement

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

• Learning may be defined as “A RELATIVELY

PERMANENT CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR THAT

OCCURS AS A RESULT OF PRIOR

EXPERIENCE”

• Learning is “THE PROCESS OF HAVING ONE’S

MODIFIED, MORE OR LESS PERMANENTLY, BY

WHAT HE DOES & THE CONSEQUENCES OF

HIS ACTION, OR BY WHAT HE OBSERVES”

LEARNING THEORYLEARNING THEORYTHEORIES

Classical Conditioning

SocialConditioning

OperantConditioning

CognitiveConditioning

CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

• Ivan Pavlov introduced Classical Conditioning Theory in

20th Century.

• He states that “CLASSICAL CONDITIONG AS A PHYSICAL

EVENT – TERMED A STIMULUS THAT INITIALLY DOES

NOT ELEICIT A PARTICULAR RESPONSE GRADUALLY

ACQUIRES THE CAPACITY TO ELICIT THAT RESPONSE AS

A RESULT OF REPAETED PAIRING WITH A STIMULUS

THAT CAN ELICIT A REACTION”

• Thus classical conditioning is an event, repeated several

times evokes a desired response.

OPERANT CONDITIONGOPERANT CONDITIONG• Operant conditioning is also called INSTRUMENTAL

CONDITIONING.

• This refers to “ THE PROCESS THAT OUR BEHAVIOUR

PRODUCES CERTAIN CONSEQUENCES & HOW WE

BEHAVE IN THE FUTURE WILL DEPEND ON WHAT THESE

CONSEQUENCES ARE”

• Thus Operant Conditioning Theory is THE FUNCTION OF ITS

CONSEQUENCES.

COGNITIVE THEORYCOGNITIVE THEORY• The CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE about learning is

Cognitive Process.

• This process assumes that “ PEOPLE ARE CONSCIOUS,

ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN HOW THEY LEARN”.

• This assumes that the “ ORGANIZATION LEARNS THE

MEANING OF VARIOUS OBJECTS & EVENTS &

LEARNED RESPONSES DEPENDING ON THE MEANING

ASSIGNED TO THE STIMULI”.

FEEDBACKPRIOR

LEARNING

BEHAVIOURAL

CHOICE

PERCIEVEDCONSEQUENC

ES

COGNITIVE THEORY PROCESS

SOCIAL LEARNINGSOCIAL LEARNING

• This is also known as OBSERVATIONAL

LEARNING, SOCIAL LEARNING,

VICARIOUS LEARNING.

• Social Learning Theory emphasizes “

THE ABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO

LEARN BY OBSERVING OTHERS”

PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES• MOTIVATION

• REINFORCEMENT

• PUNISHMENT

• EXTINCTION

LEARNING STYLESLEARNING STYLES

Learning Styles are “ THE ABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO LEARN”

Learning Styles are of 4 types:

1.1. ACCOMODATORACCOMODATOR

2.2. DIVERGNCEDIVERGNCE

3.3. ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION

4.4. CONVERGENCECONVERGENCE

LEARNING & OB

STIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATION

DISCRIMINATION

STIMULI(WORK

SITUATION)

RESPONSE(CHOICE OF BEHAVIOUR)

CONSEQUENCE(REINFORCEME

NT)

STIMULUS(NEW WORKSITUATION)

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION Thus as there is Intra – personal learning, there is Thus as there is Intra – personal learning, there is

Organizational Learning too.Organizational Learning too.

Organizational Learning is “Organizational Learning is “ THE PROCESS THE PROCESS

THROUGH WHICH MANAGERS SEEK TO IMPROVE THROUGH WHICH MANAGERS SEEK TO IMPROVE

ORGANIZATION MEMBERS’ DESIRE & ABILITY TO ORGANIZATION MEMBERS’ DESIRE & ABILITY TO

UNDERSTAND & MANAGE THE ORGANOZATON & UNDERSTAND & MANAGE THE ORGANOZATON &

ITS ENVIRONMENT SO THAT THEY CAN ITS ENVIRONMENT SO THAT THEY CAN

ENHANCE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS”ENHANCE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS”..

THANK YOUTHANK YOU