Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses: Stress ......Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses:...
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Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses: Stress Assessment for Pipes and Engineers Colin Kristiansen, P.Eng., MBA
Transcript of Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses: Stress ......Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses:...
Leaks, Breaks, Disasters and Near Misses:
Stress Assessment for Pipes and Engineers Colin Kristiansen, P.Eng., MBA
May 2, 2016
2 Outline
Purpose
Local Examples
Assessment Tools
Lessons Learned
May 2, 2016
3 Purpose
Failure is Best Teacher
Share Experience and
Some Lessons Learned Break - Vancouver
Leak - Richmond
Near Disaster - Delta
May 2, 2016
4 Historic – First Narrows Crossing
First Narrows
Crossing
May 2, 2016
5 Yes, Vancouver can burn
1886
May 2, 2016
6 East-West Connector
Hyprescon Pipe
May 2, 2016
7
Haney 2 and 3 Water Main
Relocations
May 2, 2016
8 South Fraser Perimeter Road
May 2, 2016
9 MV Watermain & Delta Forcemain
1050mm Steel MV Watermain1988
1050mm Steel Delta Forcemain 1988
Preload Failure
Pushed 1m to the south 2015
Previously pushed 0.75m to the north 1998
No yielding calculated
Outside of safety factors for various design
standards
Visual inspection and Magnetic particle
inspection
May 2, 2016
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Structural Analysis
• like round beam, but pressurized, and with odd joints
• considerations
• Design standard, material (mechanical behaviour, allowable stresses/strain, etc.), temperatures, pressures, loading, displacements, condition of the pipe (corroded, damaged, eroded, etc), how is the pipe supported, types of joints and fittings used, wall thickness, D/t ratio, thermal expansion, expansion/flexible joints, vibration, plug loading (steam lines) or transients (water hammer), Pressure relief valves, seismic…
Software
• Caesar II (Intergraph)
• Autopipe (Bentley)
• for large diameter piping, district energy pipes
Investigations - deductive reasoning
Tools
May 2, 2016
11 Collingwood Trunk Sewer
1. 750 mm Collingwood Trunk Sewer
May 2, 2016
12 Investigations – Richmond DEU Pipe
Leakage at the south west assembly
November 27, 2015. (photo by Corix)
May 2, 2016
13
At least we aren’t in the oil and gas
industry
Hastings St
2007
May 2, 2016
14 Break Statistics
Over 1/2 of the failures due to joint
pull out.
Pipeline damage rates for the
Kobe earthquake are shown in
the table below.
Kobe, Japan, 1995
Failure Rates/km - Number of Failures
DIP CIP PVC Steel AC
PipeLength (km) 1874 405 232 30 24
Barrel 0 9 0.63 257 0.38 88 0.33 10 1.24 30
Fitting 0 1 0.31 124 0.17 40 0.03 1 0.04 1
Pulled Joint 0.47 880 0.49 199 0.33 76 0 0 0.37 9
Joint Failure 0 2 0.06 25 0.5 115 0.07 2 0.08 2
Joint Intrusion 0 5 0 1 0.01 3 0 0 0 0
Failure Mode
From Donald Ballantyne
May 2, 2016
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Ductile Iron C1xx Series B&S, RG, R 5 5 4 4 18
Polyethylene C906 Fused 4 5 5 5 19
Steel C2xx Series Arc Welded 5 5 4 5 19
Steel None Riveted 5 5 4 4 18
Steel C2xx Series B&S, RG, R 5 5 4 4 18
Concrete Cylinder C300, C303 B&S, R 3 4 4 3 14
Ductile Iron C1XX Series B&S, RG, UR 5 5 4 1 15
PVC C900, C905 B&S, R 3 3 4 3 13
Steel C2xx B&S, RG, UR 5 5 4 1 15
AC > 8" D C4xx Series Coupled 2 4 5 1 12
Cast Iron > 8" D None B&S, RG 2 4 4 1 11
PVC C900, C905 B&S, UR 3 3 4 1 11
Concrete Cylinder C300, C303 B&S, UR 3 4 4 1 12
AC <=8" D C4xx Series Coupled 2 1 5 1 9
Cast Iron <= 8" D None B&S, RG 2 1 4 1 8
Steel None Gas Welded 3 3 1 2 9
Cast Iron None B&S, Rigid 2 2 1 1 6
High Vulnerability
Low Vulnerability
Low/Moderate Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Moderate/High Vulnerability
Pipe Vulnerability (1995)
Relative
Earthquake
Vulnerability
of Water
Pipe
B&S - bell & spigot; RG - rubber gasket; R - restrained; UR - unrestrained
BAD
PVCO(BIONAX) C909 B&S, RG, R 5 5 5 4 19
From Donald Ballantyne
GOOD
May 2, 2016
16 Lessons Learned
1. First Narrows – Old things leak, break. Material
and soil transitions weak points. Severe
consequences
2. City E/W Concrete Pipe – New isn’t always better
3. SFPR – Precautionary measures can induce risk
4. Delta example – Peat moves, a lot. Some pipes
can move a lot
5. Richmond DEU – Minor details matter.
6. Collingwood Trunk Sewer – Construction risky.
Emergency planning helps
7. Hastings Street – Survey, record drawing, and
caution around critical infrastructure matter
8. Kobe – material and joints make a big difference
9. Assessments – Not that common in water
industry
March 11, 2011
17 Questions?
