League of American Bicyclists Implementing a Complete Streets Policy.
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Transcript of League of American Bicyclists Implementing a Complete Streets Policy.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Implementing a Implementing a Complete Streets PolicyComplete Streets Policy
Source: 2000 FHWA Infrastructure Survey
Why Complete Streets?
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Half of all trips are shorter than 3 miles - a 15 minute Half of all trips are shorter than 3 miles - a 15 minute bike ridebike ride
40% of U.S. adults say they would commute by bike 40% of U.S. adults say they would commute by bike if safe facilities are availableif safe facilities are available
Gallup poll – 2002: Half of U.S. adults in favor of Gallup poll – 2002: Half of U.S. adults in favor of providing bicycle and pedestrian facilities even if it providing bicycle and pedestrian facilities even if it means less space for automobilesmeans less space for automobiles
References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release
TransportationTransportation
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
There are 56 million walking trips in the U. S. There are 56 million walking trips in the U. S. everydayeveryday
One in ten households do not own an One in ten households do not own an automobileautomobile
1/3 of the population do not drive an automobile1/3 of the population do not drive an automobile About one in ten trips are made by foot or About one in ten trips are made by foot or
bicycle alreadybicycle already
References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release
More opportunitiesMore opportunities
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Example - SCDOT PolicyExample - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003January 14, 2003
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that . . . bicycling and walking accommodations should be a routine part of the department’s planning, design, construction and operating activities, and will be included in the everyday operations of our transportation system; and
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Example - SCDOT PolicyExample - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003January 14, 2003
THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the South Carolina Department of Transportation Commission requires South Carolina counties and municipalities to make bicycling and pedestrian improvements an integral part of their transportation planning and programming where State or Federal Highway funding is utilized.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Percent of all trips made on foot or by bicycle?Percent of all trips made on foot or by bicycle?
8.5%8.5%
Percent of all traffic fatalities that are pedestrians and Percent of all traffic fatalities that are pedestrians and bicyclists?bicyclists?
13%13%
References: 2005 NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, 2001 National Household Transportation Survey
Disproportionate DeathsDisproportionate Deaths
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Focus of this trainingFocus of this training
Review some successful treatments.Review some successful treatments. Work on “real life” scenarios relevant Work on “real life” scenarios relevant
to your work.to your work. Help you determine the right balance Help you determine the right balance
of modes within the right-of-way.of modes within the right-of-way.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
So what does a complete street So what does a complete street look like?look like?
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Cambridge, MA
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Arlington, VA
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
RealitiesRealities Constrained rights-Constrained rights-
of-wayof-way High volumes of High volumes of
motor vehicle trafficmotor vehicle traffic Tight budgetsTight budgets Trade-offs are Trade-offs are
necessary in order necessary in order to achieve a to achieve a balancebalance
Modal prioritiesModal priorities
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Existing GuidelinesExisting Guidelines
NationalNational Manual On Uniform Traffic Control (MUTCD Manual On Uniform Traffic Control (MUTCD
2003)2003) AASHTO Green Book (2004)AASHTO Green Book (2004) AASHTO Bicycle Design Guide (1999)AASHTO Bicycle Design Guide (1999) AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004)AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004) ADAAGADAAG
StateState SCDOT Bicycle Facility Design GuidanceSCDOT Bicycle Facility Design Guidance
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Existing Guidelines Existing Guidelines Guidance Specific to Bicyclists and PedestriansGuidance Specific to Bicyclists and Pedestrians
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Roadway Design:Roadway Design:
Focus on moving Focus on moving highhigh volumes of motor volumes of motor vehicle traffic as vehicle traffic as quicklyquickly and efficiently as and efficiently as possible.possible.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
What Pedestrians Need:What Pedestrians Need:
LowerLower volumes of motor vehicle traffic moving volumes of motor vehicle traffic moving at at slowslow speeds, sidewalks, separation from speeds, sidewalks, separation from traffic.traffic.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Fatalities based on speed of vehicleA pedestrian’s chance of death if hit by a motor vehicle
20 mph 30 mph 40 mph
Killing Speed and Saving Lives, UK Department of Transportation
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Crosswalk Refuge Crosswalk Refuge Refuge with Traffic Refuge with Traffic CalmingCalming
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Crossing Islands
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Road diet – Watch it happen
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Road diet – Watch it happen
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Road diet – Watch it happen
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Sidewalk Width –4 feetLeague of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Sidewalk Width – 4’Sidewalk Width – 4’4’ sidewalk, 3’ 4’ sidewalk, 3’
grass utility stripgrass utility strip
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Sidewalk Width – Sidewalk Width – Benefits of Benefits of 5 foot5 foot
5’ sidewalk,
2’ grass utility strip
Two adults can walk side-Two adults can walk side-by-sideby-side
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Sidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility stripSidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility strip
4’ sidewalk, 3’ brick utility strip
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Intersection DesignIntersection Design
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
No right-turn-on-red
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Countdown signals
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Pedestrian Half-SignalPedestrian Half-Signal
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
In-street In-street signingsigning
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Not for every location . . .Not for every location . . .
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
SPACE!SPACE!Lack of adequate space creates hazards for Lack of adequate space creates hazards for
bicyclists and motoristsbicyclists and motorists
What Bicyclists Need:What Bicyclists Need:
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
• Effective travel width for bicyclists• On-street parking encroachments• Volume of motor vehicles• Speed of traffic• Proportion of heavy vehicles• Pavement surface condition
Common Roadway and Traffic Conditions that
Affect Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Level-of-Service BLOS Score
A 1.5
B>
1.5 2.5
C > 2.5 3.5
D > 3.5 4.5
E > 4.5 5.5
F 5.5
Bicycle Level of Service Categories
>
> and
and
and
and
>
>
>
>
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bicycle LOS A
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bicycle LOS E - F
Photo by SCI
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bicycle LOS - BeforeFour-lane Road Average Daily
Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd
Pavement Condition = Good
Lane Widths = 12 feet wide
Speed = 30 mph
12' 12' 12' 12'
48'
BLOS Evaluation:LOS score Category
3.58 D
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
48'
12'14'12'5' 5'
Bicycle LOS - AfterTwo-lane Road with Center
Turn Lane Average Daily
Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd
Pavement Condition = Good
Lane Widths = 12 feet, plus
5 foot bike lanes
Speed = 30 mph
BLOS Evaluation:LOS score Category
2.07 B
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Vol15 = volume of directional traffic in 15 minutes time period
L = total number of through lanes
SPt = effective speed limit (see below)
SPt = 1.12ln(SPP -20) + 0.81
SPP = Posted speed limit
HV = percentage of heavy vehicles
PC5 = FHWA’s five point surface condition rating
We = Average effective width of outside through lane
For more info on suitability models, visit bicyclinginfo.org
Online Calculator: http://www.bikelib.org/roads/blos/losform.htm
Bicycle LOS = a1ln(Vol15/L) + a2SPt(1+10.38HV)2 + a3(1/PC5)2
- a4(We)2 + C
Bicycle Level of Service Model
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Minimum width: 4’“any additional shoulder is better than none at all”
Paved ShouldersPaved Shoulders
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Wide Curb LanesWide Curb Lanes
14' Wide
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bike Lane DesignBike Lane Design
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bike lanes: Min. 5’ wide adjacent to a curb or parkingMin. 4’ wide on an open section
5’
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
OLD R3-17’s
NEW R3-17(2003 MUTCD)
The BIKE LANE (R3-17) sign shall be used only in conjunction with marked bicycle lanes as described in Chapter 9C, and shall be placed at periodic intervals.
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Restriping to Create Bike LanesRestriping to Create Bike Lanes
7’ parking lane 5’ bike lane 10’ travel lane
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Current Cross SectionCurrent Cross Section
14' 12' 16' 12' 14'
CenterTurn
Total Width 68'
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Future Cross SectionFuture Cross Section
5' 11' 11' 14' 11' 11' 5'
CenterTurn
Total Width 68'
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bicycle Level of Service Comparison
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
MUTCD, Figure 9C-3
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
What lane should the bicyclist who is What lane should the bicyclist who is going straight use?going straight use?
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Advanced Bike Box - Advanced Bike Box - DimensionsDimensions
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Accommodating Bicycles at Accommodating Bicycles at Merge AreasMerge Areas
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Portland, ORLeague of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Photo by Andy ClarkeLeague of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Signalized IntersectionsSignalized Intersections
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bicycle Detection
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Signal Minimum Green Time
v w + lg + y + r clear > t cross = tr + + 2a v
Provides a bicyclist with adequate time to react, accelerate and cross the intersection, for actuated signals when the green time is short (i.e. during periods of low traffic flow).
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Signal Total Clearance Interval v w + ly + r clear > tr + + 2b v
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Angled ParkingAngled Parking
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Shared-Use Paths Shared-Use Paths ("Sidepaths")("Sidepaths")
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Over half (58%) of all bicycle Over half (58%) of all bicycle crashes occur at intersectionscrashes occur at intersections
--Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990sPedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996, FHWA 1996
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Motorist failed Motorist failed to yield to yield crashescrashes
(Right on red (Right on red light)light)
--Pedestrian and Bicycle Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early Crash Types of the Early 1990s1990s, FHWA 1996, FHWA 1996
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Motorist failed Motorist failed to yield to yield crashescrashes
(Driveway or (Driveway or Alley)Alley)
--Pedestrian and Bicycle Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early Crash Types of the Early 1990s1990s, FHWA 1996, FHWA 1996
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Facilitating movements between Facilitating movements between bike lanes and a trailbike lanes and a trail
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Bridge DesignBridge Design
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
10’
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
10’
6’ 2’2’
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
14’League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Shared Lane Shared Lane MarkingsMarkings
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Skewed Railroad Skewed Railroad CrossingsCrossings
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Road MaintenanceRoad Maintenance
Surface sweeping and repairSurface sweeping and repair Utility cutsUtility cuts
Keep sidewalks, shoulder and bike lanes Keep sidewalks, shoulder and bike lanes free from ridgesfree from ridges
Pavement overlays - opportunity to Pavement overlays - opportunity to restripe with bike lanesrestripe with bike lanes
Concrete sidewalks – root controlConcrete sidewalks – root control
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists
Need more info?Need more info? Join the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Join the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle
Professionals (Professionals (www.apbp.orgwww.apbp.org)) Go to Go to www.bicyclinginfo.orgwww.bicyclinginfo.org or or
www.walkinginfo.orgwww.walkinginfo.org Get copies of AASHTO’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Get copies of AASHTO’s Pedestrian and Bicycle
Guides, keep them handyGuides, keep them handy Familiarize yourself with the new provisions for Familiarize yourself with the new provisions for
pedestrians and bicyclists in the latest edition of pedestrians and bicyclists in the latest edition of the MUTCDthe MUTCD
Visit www.completestreets.orgVisit www.completestreets.org
League of American BicyclistsLeague of American Bicyclists