Leadership StylesGovernments around the world

Totalitarianismabsolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideologyall economic activity is controlled by the partyTotalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.

Totalitarianismwhen a goal must be accomplished in a set time periodwhen all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s)if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizensTotalitarian governments are effective:

Totalitarianismif citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leaderif the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizensif there is no time limit for a goalTotalitarian governments are not effective:

TotalitarianismU.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin

TotalitarianismItaly 1922 - Benito Mussolini

TotalitarianismGermany 1933 - Adolf Hitler

TotalitarianismSpain 1936 - Francisco Franco

TotalitarianismNorth Korea 1948 - Kim Il-sung

TotalitarianismChina 1949 - Mao Zedong

TotalitarianismCuba 1959 - Fidel Castro

Autocracyleader has absolute power, and tells others what to dolimited discussion on ideasleader can be elected into powerdecisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership)only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic

AutocracyYes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarchCan a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?

Autocracywhen time is limited in decision makingindividuals/groups lack skill and knowledgecitizens do not get along or are unable to co-operatecitizens and government staff do not respond to leadership stylesAutocracies are effective:

Autocracywhen developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goalcitizens have some degree of skill or knowledgewhen citizens want their opinion to be heardAutocracies are not effective:

Autocratic LeadersKing Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years

Autocratic LeadersJoseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power

Autocratic LeadersAdolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power

Autocratic LeadersMuammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power

Autocratic LeadersBashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000

Oligarchyan oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person

Democracydecisions are made by the majoritypower rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarchsome democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.

Democracywhen there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizensa sense of teamwork existsroutines are familiar to citizensDemocratic governments are effective:

Democracywhen there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizenswhen a low sense of teamwork/interdependence existscitizens expect to be told what to doDemocratic governments are not effective:

DemocracyCanada

DemocracyUnited States of America

DemocracyJapan

DemocracyIndia

DemocracyEngland

Laissez-Faireno group leader or system of governmenta state of social disorder due to lack of governmentlaissez-faire is also known as anarchy

Laissez-Fairewhen time is availablegroup is motivated and/or a sense of team existsmembers of the group have some degree of skill or knowledgeLaissez-faire is effective:

Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledgeLaissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledgeLaissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-FaireSomalia

Theocracyleadership by religion

Theocracywhen all citizens possess the same understanding of the religionwhen values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizensTheocracy is effective:

Theocracywhen religious rules are interpreted differently among citizenswhen values/morals/ethics are different among citizensTheocracy is not effective:

TheocracyVatican City - Pope Benedict XVI

TheocracyIran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei

Aristocracydecisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or educationpeople in charge considered naturally better or high born

Aristocracywhen the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well-being of the citizensAristocracy is effective:when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedyAristocracy is not effective:

French Estates SystemFirst Estate (Clergy)Bishops - 139Monks - 25 000Nuns - 40 000Lower Clergy - 50 000Second Estate(Nobility)350 000Third Estate(Everyone else)24 500 000