Leadership StylesGovernments around the world

Totalitarianism

absolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideology

all economic activity is controlled by the party

Totalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.

Totalitarianism

when a goal must be accomplished in a set time period

when all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s)

if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens

Totalitarian governments are effective:

Totalitarianism

if citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leader

if the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizens

if there is no time limit for a goal

Totalitarian governments are not effective:

TotalitarianismU.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin

TotalitarianismItaly 1922 - Benito Mussolini

TotalitarianismGermany 1933 - Adolf Hitler

TotalitarianismSpain 1936 - Francisco Franco

TotalitarianismNorth Korea 1948 - Kim Il-sung

TotalitarianismChina 1949 - Mao Zedong

TotalitarianismCuba 1959 - Fidel Castro

Autocracy

leader has absolute power, and tells others what to do

limited discussion on ideas

leader can be elected into power

decisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership)

only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic

Autocracy

Yes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch

Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?

Autocracy

when time is limited in decision making

individuals/groups lack skill and knowledge

citizens do not get along or are unable to co-operate

citizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles

Autocracies are effective:

Autocracy

when developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goal

citizens have some degree of skill or knowledge

when citizens want their opinion to be heard

Autocracies are not effective:

Autocratic Leaders

King Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years

Autocratic Leaders

Joseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power

Autocratic Leaders

Adolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power

Autocratic Leaders

Muammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power

Autocratic Leaders

Bashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000

Oligarchy

an oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person

Democracy

decisions are made by the majority

power rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarch

some democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.

Democracy

when there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizens

a sense of teamwork exists

routines are familiar to citizens

Democratic governments are effective:

Democracy

when there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizens

when a low sense of teamwork/interdependence exists

citizens expect to be told what to do

Democratic governments are not effective:

DemocracyCanada

DemocracyUnited States of America

DemocracyJapan

DemocracyIndia

DemocracyEngland

Laissez-Faire

no group leader or system of government

a state of social disorder due to lack of government

laissez-faire is also known as anarchy

Laissez-Faire

when time is available

group is motivated and/or a sense of team exists

members of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge

Laissez-faire is effective:

Laissez-Faire

high degree of conflict is present

group is unmotivated

members of the group have little skill or knowledge

Laissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-Faire

high degree of conflict is present

group is unmotivated

members of the group have little skill or knowledge

Laissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-FaireSomalia

Theocracy

leadership by religion

Theocracy

when all citizens possess the same understanding of the religion

when values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens

Theocracy is effective:

Theocracy

when religious rules are interpreted differently among citizens

when values/morals/ethics are different among citizens

Theocracy is not effective:

TheocracyVatican City - Pope Benedict XVI

TheocracyIran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei

Aristocracy

decisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or education

people in charge considered “naturally better” or “high born”

Aristocracy

when the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well-being of the citizens

Aristocracy is effective:

when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy

Aristocracy is not effective:

French Estates System

First Estate (Clergy) Bishops - 139Monks - 25 000Nuns - 40 000

Lower Clergy - 50 000

Second Estate(Nobility) 350 000

Third Estate(Everyone else)

24 500 000