Lead Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore1. 2 Chapter 3 Information System Fundamentals.

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Chapter 3

Information System Fundamentals


Our Agenda Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information

Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information

Systems Ethical Issues for Information

Systems


Learning Objectives Explain why businesses need

computer and communications hardware in information systems.

Distinguish between the three main types of computer systems.

Explain the difference between application software and system software, and give an example of each.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Explain why businesses need

software in information systems. Describe the way stored business

data is commonly organized in information systems.

Explain why businesses need stored data in information systems.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify the types of personnel in

information systems and explain why businesses need personnel in information systems.

Identify the types of procedures used in information systems and explain why businesses need procedures in information systems.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different approaches to

ethical decision making. Explain several ethical issues for

information systems.


Hardware for Information Systems



Computer and Communications Hardware Computer hardware

Input devices Output devices Primary storage Secondary storage Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Communications hardware Network devices


The Need for Computer Hardware Important elements of computer

hardware Speed Accuracy Capacity


The Need for Communications Hardware Important elements of

communications hardware Remote access Information sharing Resource sharing (printers, file

servers) Interorganizational communication


Types of Computer Systems Personal Computers

Desktop Laptop Handheld Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Workstations


Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Multiple-user computer systems

Minicomputer Typically between $5,000 and $200,000

Mainframe computer Typically between $100,000 and

$10,000,000 Both are multi-user environments


Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) Networked computer systems

Many computers connected to a network which is used by many people at one time.

Servers – provide services to other computers on the network.

Clients – a user’s workstation connected to the network.

Client-server computing – servers and clients used cooperatively.


Software for Information Systems



Types of Software Application software – designed for

specific computer applications for a business or organization.

System software – designed to make computers usable. Also known as an operating system.

Communications software – designed to permit computers to “talk” to each other.


Sources of Software Two main sources of software

Packaged software – available commercially for personal, multiple-user and networked systems.

Custom software – created to address very specific requirements of the users.


Stored Data for Information Systems



Data Organization Elements of data storage

Characters – letters, numerals, special symbols, a blank space.

Fields – a group of related characters. Records – a group of fields about a

single entity. Data file, or file – a group of records

about a single purpose. Database – a group of related files.


Data Organization (cont’d.) While data can be organized in a

database, there are other types of data. Multimedia

Audio Video Images


Need for Stored Data Three main reasons businesses

need stored data Data is available Data is modifiable Data is controllable


Personnel for Information Systems



Users and Operating Personnel Users

Supply data input Receive output

Operating personnel Perform technical functions such as

Manage networks Run software Pass output to users


Procedures for Information Systems



Types of Procedures Two main types

First tells people how to use and operate the system under normal circumstances.

Second tells people what to do if the system does not function normally.

Documentation is written instructions on the use and operation of the system.


Ethical Issues for Information Systems



Ethical Decision Making The Golden Rule Utilitarianism Categorical Imperative Ethical Egoism Code of Ethics


Ethical Issues Privacy Accuracy Property Access


Ten Commandments

1. Do not use a computer to harm other people.

2. Do not interfere with other people’s computer work.

3. Do not look in other people’s computer files.

4. Do not use a computer to steal.5. Do not use a computer to bear false

witness.6. Do not copy or use proprietary software

for which you have not paid.


Ten Commandments (cont’d.)

7. Do not use other people’s computer resources.without authorization or proper compensation.

8. Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual property.

9. Think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.

10.Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow man.


Information Systems Fundamentals

Key Terms


Key Terms Application Software Bug Character Client Client-Server Computing Code of Ethics Communication Hardware

Communication Software Custom Software Database Data File Desktop Computer Documentation Field File


Key Terms (cont’d.) Handheld (Palmtop) Computer Mainframe Computer Matching Microcomputer Minicomputer Multimedia Notebook (Laptop) Computer

Operating System Packaged Software Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Platform Record Server Supercomputer


Key Terms (cont’d.) System Software Workstation


Summary Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information

Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information

Systems Ethical Issues for Information

Systems

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