lDIs wmkhk i|yd jQ fr.=,dis m%ñ;Ska iy iy;sllrKh · hqfrdamd ix.uh ksIamdokj, ;sìh yels Wmßu...

wdishdkq ksIamdolhska iy wmkhklrejka

i|yd jQ m%dfhda.sl w;afmd;

lDIs wmkhk i|yd jQ fr.=,dis"

m%ñ;Ska iy iy;sllrKh

RAP Publication 2007/ 13

fuu w;afmd; tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha" wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkfha (FAO) jdKsc yd fj<|fmd, wxYh (EST) iy wishd iy Ydka;slrfha l,dmSh m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd, yd tlaj ksIamdokh lr we;'

ixialdrl iy l;D(meial,a ,shQ" jdKsc yd fj<|fmd, wxYh" (FAO)

iydh l;Dka(isfhdydka lefia" .%dóh há;, myiqlï yd lDIs lu_dka; wxYh" (FAO)

ixialdrl iy l;D(meial,a ,shQ" jdKsc yd fj<|fmd, wxYh" (FAO)Ôka-fcdaIma leä,afydka RAP, FAO

iyfhda.S;djh(wd¾Ól yd jdKsc WmfoaYljreka" wdishdkq m%xY ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,

isxy, mßj¾;kh(udOù ikaOHd f,aLd úfÊr;aklDIslu_ fodmd¾;fïka;=j

msßie,iqu(jika;d l=udÍ ùrisxylDIslu_ fodmd¾;fïka;=j

isxy, mßj¾;kfha fidaÿm;a lshùu(Wmd,s úl%uisxy RAP, FAO

rEmigyka(w¾;a fkÜ moku $ .S%ka fkÜ" ;dhs,ka;h

fjk;a ia;+;sh(fuu m%ldYkh i|yd FAO, MTF/RAS /212/FRA jHdmD;sh yryd wruqo,a iemhQ

m%xY lDIslu_ yd ëjr wud;HdxYhg

úfYaIs; iud.ï" Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok fyda fj<o kï i|yka lsÍu fyda fkdlsÍu uÕska tlai;a cd;skaf.a wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha lsishï iy;sl lsÍula fyda úksYaph lsÍula woyia fkdfõ' fuu m%ldYkfhka m%ldY jk woyia Woyia wod, l;Df.a ^l;Dkaf.a& jk w;r wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha woyia Woyia ms<sìUq lsÍula isÿ fkdlrhs' fhdodf.k we;s moú kdu yd w;afmdf;a wvx.= lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha fudkhï jQ fyda fldgila uÕska i<lkq ,nk ´kEu rgl kS;suh fyda ixj¾Ok ;;ajh" N+ñ m%foaYh" k.rh fyda m%dka; iSudjka kshu lsÍu ms<sn| u; m< lsÍula isÿ fkdlrhs' ish¨u ysñlï weúßKs' wOHdmksl yd jdKscuh fkdjk wruqKq Wfoid l;D Ndrldr;ajfhka lsisÿ mq¾j ,sÅ; wekque;shlska f;drj wvx.= oE kej; ksIamdokhg yd fnod yeÍug mq¾K wjirh ,nd § we;' kej; úlsKSu fyda fjk;a jdKscuh wruqKq Wfoid l;D Ndrld;ajfhka mQ¾j ,sÅ; wjirhla fkdue;sj fuu w;afmdf;a wvx.= oE kej; ksIamdokh lsÍu ;ykï lr we;' tjeks wkque;Ska i|yd jq whÿïm;a Chief Publishing policy and support service, Inforamation Technology Division, (KCT) FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy hk ,smskhg fyda [email protected] hk úoHq;a ,smskhg fhduql< yelsh'

mgqk

m<uq fldgi - wdkhkh i|yd jQ md,k l%u iy ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis

1' jdKscuh .=Kd;auh yd f,an,a lsÍfï fr.=,dis

2' wdydr wdrCIl fr.=,dis

3' Ydl ikSmdrCIl fr.=,dis

4' f¾.= ksoyia lsÍï

5' f;dard.;a wdishd - Ydka;slr l,dmSh rgj, wdkhk fr.=,dis

6' wmkhk yd ksIamdok .=Kd;auh i|yd iyfhda.S;djh ,ndfok wdishdkq ixúOdk

fojk fldgi - iafjÉPd iy;sllrKh

1' iy;sllrKh ms<sn| .eg¿

2' mdßißl iy;sllrKh

2'1 lnksl lDIsl¾uh

2'2 ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh

3' iudc iy;sllrKh

3'1 idOdrK - fj<odu

3'2 SA 8000

4' wdydr wdrCIKh iy hym;a ms<sfj;a iy;sllrKh

4'1 hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) 4'2 hym;a ksIamdok ms<sfj;a iy;sllrKh

5' iajdhka; wdydr ;;aj iy;sllrKh

5'1 N+f.da,Sh bÈßm;a lsÍu

5'2 y,d,a iy;sllrKh

6' wdishdkq c,c ksIamdok iy;sllrKh

- 1 -

m<uq fldgi

wdkhkh i|yd jQ md,k l%u iy ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis

;u ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd,g wmkhkh lsÍfï§ ksIamdolhka iy wmkhklrejka wksjd¾hfhkau tlÕ úh hq;= ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis ^md,kh lrkq ,nk m%ñ;Ska& mj;skjd' rdcH wdh;k uÕska fuu fr.=,dis ilia lr ;sfnkafka ksIamdokfha ;;ajhka" mdßißl wdrCIdj iy mdßfNda.sl fi!LHdrCIdj;a iy;sl lsÍu i|ydhs' ksIamdokfha iajNdjh wkqj;a wdkhkh iy wmkhkh isÿlrkq ,nk rg wkqj;a fuu fr.=,dis tlsfklg fjkia fjkjd' iuyr fr.=,dis cd;Hdka;r wdydr m%ñ;Ska u; mokï jk w;r wfkl=la fr.=,dis ta ta rgj,a uÕska ilia lrk ,o tajdhs' fuu fr.=,dis j,g wkql+, fkdùu wdkhkh lrk rgj,a uÕska ksIamdok ksfrdaOdhkh lsÍug fyda m%;sfCIam lsÍug fya;=jla úh yelsh'

kshe|s f;aÍu iy ksIamdokfha ;;a;ajh mÍCId lsÍu

wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk m%ñ;Skaf.a cd;Hdka;r tlÕ;djhla i|yd lghq;= lrkjd' ta wkqj(

wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkh (FAO) yd f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh (WHO) iyfhda.s;d m%ñ;s jevigyk hgf;a we;sl< fldafvlaia we,suekafÜßhia fldñiu (Codex Alimentarius), wdydr m%ñ;Ska" ud¾f.damfoaY iqpl (guidelines) iy Ndú;d ix.%y (Code of practice) ilia lrkq ,nkjd'

fjwvúh( www.codexalimentarius.net/web/index-en.jsp

Ydl ikSmdrCIl l%shd ud¾. ms<sno fldñiu" cd;Hka;r YdL wdrCIK m%{ma;shg (International Plant Protection Convention) wkql+, jk f,i YdL wdrCIKh ms<sn| cd;Hdka;r m%ñ;Ska fhdod.ekSug lghq;= lrKq ,nhs'

fjí wvúh( www.oie.int/eng/en_index.htm

- 2 -

i;aj fi!LHh ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh (World Organizaitation For Animal Health - OLE) i;=ka iy i;aj fldgia ms<sno wka;¾ cd;sl fj<|du i|yd jQ m%ñ;Ska ilikq ,nkjd'fjí wvúh(

w;afmdf;a fuu fldgfika wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nkafka f,dalfha by<u fmf<a wdkhk fj<|fmd<j,a ;=kla jk wefußld tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamd ix.uh iy cmdkh hk rgj, ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis iy wdkhk wjYH;d ms<sn|jhs' tfia jqj;a wdishdkq wmkhklrejkakg wdishdkq fj<|fmd< is;a.kakd iq¿ fj<|fmd< wjia:do imhd fokjd' tu ksid f;dard.;a wdishdkq rgj,a lsysmhl wdkhk fr.=rdis ms<sn| f;dr;=re oek.ekSu i|yd iïnkaO úh yels in|;d ,ehsia;=jla fuu w;afmdf;ys w. fldgig we;=,;a lr we;' óg wu;rj wmkhklrejkag wkq.%y olajk iy iuyr úfgl m%dfoaYSh fj<|fmd, ms<sn|j Tjqkaj oekqj;a lrk foaYSh ixúOdkj, ,ehsia;=jla olajk fjí wvúhla fuu w;afmdf;a i|yka lr ;sfnkjd'

1' jdKscuh .=Kd;auh iy f,an,a lsÍfï fr.=,dis

mdßfNda.slhka ;ukaf.a fi!LH ms<sn|j;a" mdßfNdackh lrk wdydrj, .=Kd;aulNdjh fukau tu wdydrj, ksIamdÈ; rg ms<sn|j;a olajk ie,ls,a, iS>%fhka jeäfjñka mj;skjd' fïksid fmdÿ fr.=,dis fndfydaúg wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nkafka NdKavj, fY%aKs.; lsÍï" úYd,;ajh nr iy weiqreï f,an,alrKh ms<sn|jhs' f,an,hl w;HjYHfhkau i|yka úh hq;= f;dr;=re jkafka tu NdKavh ksIamdÈ; rg" ksIamdÈkfha ku" j¾.h iy m%udKh fõ' ksIamdÈ;fha jdKscuh .=Kd;auhg wod, lreKq jkafka tys j¾.h" meyeh" yevh" l,a bl=;ajk Èkh yd ndysrj isÿúh yels ydks fõ'

by<u wmkhk m%ñ;Ska fj; <Õdùu i|yd YS; lsÍu"

fY%aKs.; lsÍu yd f;aÍu isÿ lsÍu'

YS;lrK ldurh

- 3 -

weußld tlai;a ckmoh weußld tlai;a ckmohg wdkhkh lrk lDIs øjH weußld tlai;a ckmo lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j (USDA) wh;a weußldkq fj<| fiajdfõ m%ñ;Skag wkqj fY%aKs.; lr ;sìh hq;=hs'

weußldkq lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j (USDA) uÕska ia:dms; lr we;s ksIamdok fY%aKs.; lsÍu iy .=Kd;aul wjYH;d ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re my; i|yka fjí wvú j, we;=<;a fjkjd'

USDA : www.ams.usda.gov/standards/stan frfv.htmUSDA : www.ams.usda.gov/fv/moab-8ehtmlFDA : www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/lab-ind.html

jir 2002 f.dúm, mkf;a ^f.dúm, wdrCIKh iy .%dóh wdfhdack ms<sn| 2002 mK;& tla m%Odk fldgila jkafka NdKavh ksIamdÈ; rg f,an,fha we;=,a lsÍu wksjd¾h lsÍuh'fjí wvúh( www.ams.usda.gov/cool

hqfrdamd ix.uh hqfrdamd ix.uh wdkhkh lrkq ,nk w¿;a t<j¿ yd m<;=re j, .=Kd;auh yd f,an,a lsÍu iïnkaOfhka hqfrdamd ix.ufha fj<|fmd, m%ñ;Ska imqrd ;sìh hq;=hs' wdkhk md,k lghq;= i|yd NdKav mÍCIdlsÍu tu NdKav rg;=<g m%fõYjk wjia:dfõ§ fyda iuyr wkque;sh

fok ,o rgj,§ muKla wmkhkh lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ§ fyda isÿlrKq ,nhs' hqfrdamd ix.ufha fj<| m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd Wmfoia mßir" wdydr yd .%dóh lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=fjka (DEFRA) ,nd.; yelshs'

fjí wvúh ( www.defra.gov.uk/hort/hmi.htm

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, wmkhk lghq;= i|yd iydh ,nd§u i|yd jQ hqfrdamd ix.ï fjí wvúh( www.export-help.cec.eu.int/

cmdkh cmdkhg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk ksIamdok trg wdydr iy ikSmdrCIdj ms<sn|j kS;shg (Food Sanitation Law iy cmdk lDIsl¾u iy ñkqï kS;sj,g (Japan Agri Standards Law & the Measument Law) wkql+, úh hq;=h' úfYaIs; ksIamdokj, m%;só;a iy

wdkhk l%shd mámdáh ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd (cmdk ndysr fjf<| ixúOdkh( jetro.go.jp/en/market/regulations/

- 4 -

lDIslu_" jk yd ëjr wud;HdxYhfjí wvúh( www.maff.go.jp/soshiki/sgokuhin/hinshitu/e_label/index.htm

2' wdydr wdrCIl fr.=,dis

ksIamdolhska ;ukaf.a ksIamdokj, ;;a;ajh yd wdrCIdj ms<s|j jf.au ¥Is; c,fhka fyda fjk;a CIqø Ôùkaf.ka fyda ridhksl wmú;%ldrl j,ska ÿIKhùug we;s wjodku jeks isÿúh yels ish¨u Wjÿre uÕyeÍug iy;sl úh hq;=hs'

Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI fldgia ms<sn| iSud [Maximum Residue Limit (MRLS) of pesticides)]

wdydrj, mej;sh yels Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fldgia ^j,akdYl" lDñkdYl" È,Sr kdYl wdÈh& ms<sn| iSud ms<sn| fr.=,dis cd;sl jYfhka fukau cd;Hka;r jYfhkao ls%hd;aul fõ' ksIamdolhka fukau wmkhk lrejkao ;u rfÜ mj;sk fr.=,dis j,g fukau wmkhkh lrkq ,nk rfÜ mj;sk fr.=,dis j,go wkql+, úh hq;=h'

wêl m,sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h ydksodhl jk w;ru keõ.; lrk ,o nvq f;d.

wdkhk lrk rg uÕska m%;sCIam lsÍuo isÿúh yelshs'

my; i|yka fjí wvúj, wdydr wdrCIK fr.=,dis ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r uÜgfï ^Wod' Codex m%ñ;Ska iy WTO fldkafoais& fyda cd;sl uÜufï

iúia;r f;dr;=re oelafjkjd'www.ipfsaph.org/En/default.jsp

www.fao.org/ag/agns/index_en.aspfldfvlaia we,sfukafÜßhia fldñifï fjí wvúh(

www.codexalimetarius.net/web/index_en.jspfldfvlaia we,sfukafÜßhia fldñifï ld¾h mámdá w;afmd;(

www.codexalimetarius.net/web/procedural_manual.jsp

- 5 -

weußld tlai;a ckmoh weußld tlai;a ckmofha Wmßuj m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI iSud ia:dms; lrkq ,nkafka trg mdßißl wdrCIK tackaish (Environmental Protect Agency -EPA) uÕska jk w;r tu kS;s ls%hdjg kexùu wdydr yd T!IO md,l uKav,h (FDA) uÕska wdkhkh lrkq ,nk

wjia:dfõ§ isÿ lrkq ,nkjd' mdßißl wdrCIK tackaish (EPA) uÕska ia:dms; lrk ,o Wmßuj m,sfndaO kdYl fYaI ms<sn|j yd imqrd,sh hq;= wjYH;d ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_04/40cfr180_04.htmlwww.epa.gov/pesticides/fo/viewtols.htmlwww.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/index.htm

weußld tlai;a ckmoh iy wfkl=;a wdkhk rgj,a mKjd we;s Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI ms<sn| f;dr;=re tu fNda. j¾." m,sfndaOkdYl j¾. fyda rg wkqj ,nd.; yelsh'

www.fas.usda.gov/htp/MRL.asp

hqfrdamd ix.uh ksIamdokj, ;sìh yels Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI ms<sn| iSud ;jÿrg;a wvq lsÍug hqfrdamd ix.uh È.ska È.gu lghq;= lrkjd' fï jkúg fndfyda m<sfndaOkdYl i|yd uq¿ uy;a hqfrdamSh ix.uhgu fhdod.; yels fmdÿ iSudjka mj;skjd' flfia jqj;a iuyr m<sfndaOkdYl

i|yd ;sìh yels Wmßu fYaI iSud ráka rgg fjkia fõ' tla tla rg" lDIs ksIamdok ;u rgg we;=¿jk wjia:dfõ§ tajd wod, fr.=,disj,g wkql+,oehs ^idudkHfhka lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh yryd& mÍCId lrkq ,nkjd' hqfrdamd ix.uhg wh;a rgj,a ;sìh yels Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI iSud kshulr ke;súg" wdkhk i|yd wod, kS;s fudkjdoehs fidhd oek.; hq;=fõ' hqfrdamd ix.ufha iduðl rgj,a ia:dms; lr we;s m<sfndaOkdYl wjfYaI iSud ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

www.europa.eu.int/comm/food/plant/protection/pesticides/index_en.htmwww.europa.eu.int/comm/food/plant/protection/index_en.htmwww.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/pesticides/121289.htm

idudcsl rgj, wod, iïnkaëlrK ia:dk i|ydwww.europa.eu.int/comm/food/plant/protection/evaluation/contact_dec.xls

wdhkhk ms<sn| Wmßu m,sfndaOkdYl fYaI ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug b,a¨ï lsÍfï ls%hd mámdáh ms<sn| f;dr;=re my; i|ydka fjí wvúfhka ,nd.; yelsh'

www.pesticides.gov.uk/applicant_guide.asp?id=1239

- 6 -

cmdkh cmdkfha m<sfndaOkdYl fYaI iSud mekùu iy mÍCId lsÍu i|yd j.lSu orKq ,nkafka trg fi!LH wud;HdxYh" lïlre iy iqnidOk iy mdßißl fomd¾;fïka;=jhs' fuu iSud mokï jkafka wdydr fi!LH wdrCIK kS;sh u;hs'

wdydr fi!LH wdrCIK ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|ydwww.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafty/index.html

ksIamdok wkqf¾Lkh ^kej; fidhd ne,Sfï yelshdj&

wdydr iqrCIs; Ndjh ms<sn|j uE;l§ we;sjQ .eg¿j,g ^Wod' .j Wu;= frda.h iy f,dal ;%ia;jdhg& m%;spdrhla jYfhka" ffcj" ridhksl yd mdßißl fya;=ka ksid isÿúh yels wdydr ÿIKhùïj,ska mdßfNda.slhka wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd fndfyda rgj,a wdydr ksIamdokh" ieliSu" fnod yeÍu hk ish¨u wjia:djka md,kh lsÍu flfrys jeä jeäfhka fhduq fjñka isákjd'

ksIamdok wkqf¾Lkh ̂ kej; fidhd ne,Sfï yelshdj& hkq wdydr ksIamdokh" ieliSu iy fnodyeÍu hk lghq;=j,§ tu NdKav .uka .kakd úúO mshjr kej; y÷kd .ekSug we;s yelshdjhs' hï NdKavhla mßfNdackhg fkd.e,fmk f,i ¥Is;ù we;s úg" th isÿ jQfha l=uK ksIamdok wjia:dfõ§o hkak fidhd.ekSug fuu.ska bvlv ie,fia' ;jo th wdydr iqrCIs;;djh ms<sn| .eg¿j,§ tu .eg¿ we;sjQ ia:dkh ks¾Kh lsÍug fukau kS;suh wjYH;d imqrd,Sug;a ñ,§.;a ksIamdokh ;;a;ajh iy iqrCIs;;djh ms<sn| mdßfNda.sl wjYH;djh imqrd,Sug;a WmldÍ fjkjd'

wiajkq fk,Sfï§ f,aLk.; lsÍu yd f,an,a i|yd ixfla; fh§u wkqf¾Lk

^kej; fidhd ne,Su& moaO;shl ixrplhs'

weußld tlai;a ckmoh weußld tlai;a ckmoh ffcj ;%ia;jd§ mk; ls%hdjg kxjd we;s w;r ish¨ wmkhklrejka wdydr yd T!IO md,l uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ ù ;u ksIamdok weußld tlai;a ckmohg <Õdùug fmr oekqïÈh hq;= fjkjd' weußld tlai;a ckmofha ffcj ;%ia;jd§ mk; ms<sn|j jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

- 7 -

wdydr yd T!IO md,l uKaav,h(www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ffsbtac5.htmlwww.access.fda.gov/

j¾I 2008 iema;eïn¾ ui 30 jk Èk isg ksIamdÈ; rg f,an,a.; lsÍfï jevigyk hgf;a fndfyda lDIs ksIamdokj, ksIamdÈ; rg f,an,fha i|yka lsÍu w;HdjYH fjkjd' fuu jevigyk uÕska weußld tlai;a ckmofha iemhqï rgj,a imqrd,sh hq;= wkqf¾Lk (traceability) wjYH;d flfrys n,mEula we;sl, yelsh' fuu jevigyk ms<sn| idudkH úia;r my; i|yka fjí wvúfha i|yka fjkjd' USDA:www.ams.usda.gov/cool/

hqfrdamd ix.uh wkqf¾Lk (traceability) ms<sn| hqfrdamd ix.ufha fr.=,dis 2005 j¾Ifha ckjdß udifha isg n,meje;afõ' fuu kS;sÍ;s wkqj hqfrdamd ix.ufha wdkhk lrejkag tu NdKav ksIamdÈ; rg y÷kd.ekSug yelsúh hq;=h'

hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,g NdKav wmkhkh lrkq ,nkakkag wkqf¾Lkh ms<sn| kS;sh iDcq f,i n, fkdmeje;ajqKs' wdh;k lrejka fï ksid wmkhk ksfhdað; jrekg wkqf¾Lk wjYH;d imqrd,Sug n,mEï lrkq ,nhs' wkqf¾Lkh ms<sn| idudkH f;dr;=re my; fjí wvúj, oelafjkjd'

www.europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/foodlaw/guidance/guidance_rev_7_en.pdfwww.europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/foodlaw/teraceability/index_en.htmwww.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/ivb/132041.htm

cmdkh fuu w;afmd; ilia lrk wjia:dj jk úg cmdkh wmkhk lrejka úiska imqrd,sh hq;= wkqf¾Lk (traceability) wjYH;d ia:dms; lr fkd;snqKs'

3' Ydl ikSmdrCIl fr.=,dis

kj m%foaYj,g frda. iy m<sfndaO we;=,aùu iy jHdma;ùu je,elaùu i|yd ksIamdolhska Ydl ikSmdrCIl fr.=,disj,g wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' wdkhk lghq;= isÿlrk f,dalfha m%uqL fmf,a rgj,a" wdkhkh lrk ksIamdokj, mj;sk wjodkï uÜgu ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd m<sfndaO wjodku úYaf,aIKh lrk w;r" wjodkï uÜgu wNsnjd fkdhk nj iy;sl lsÍu i|yd ksIamdok rgg meñfKk wjia:dfõ§u mÍCId lrkq ,nkjd'

wdkhkh lrk ,o NdKav foaYSh ks<OdÍka úiska mÍCId lrkq ,eîu'

- 8 -

me<eá" îc" m<;=re" t<j¿ iy lemQ u,a wd§ md,kh lrk ,o ksIamdok i|yd Ydl ikSmdrCIl iy;sl w;HdjYH fjkjd' Ydl ikSmdrCIl iy;sl ms<sn| iúia;r f;dr;=re i|yd

www.ippc.int/ipp/EN/default.jsp^Ydl ikSmdrCIl fr.=,dis fldgi hgf;a&

weußld tlai;a ckmoh weußld tlai;a ckmofha i;a;aj iy Ydl ikSmdrCIl mÍCIK fiajfha ^weußld tlai;a ckmofha lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ksfhdað; wdh;khls& mÍCIK ks<OdÍka ish¨u keõ.; nvqf;d. f¾.=jg ksoyia lsÍug fmr mÍCIdjg ,lalr wkqu; l< hq;=hs' frda. yd m<sfndaO

we;s njg i<l=Kq olakg ,enqfkd;a tu ksIamdok OQulrKhg ,la lsÍug ^fyda fjk;a l%uhlska m%;sldr lsÍug& fyda úkdY lsÍug fyda ksIamdÈ; rg fj; wdmiq heùug lghq;= isÿúh yelsh'

weußld tlai;a ckmofha Ydl ksfrdaOdhk ls%hd ms<sfj, ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

USDA: www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits

hqfrdamd ix.uh ;u ksIamdok hqfrdamd ix.uhg wmkhkh lsÍu i|yd ksIamdolhska iy wmkhklrejka hqfrdamd ix.ufha Ydl fi!LHdrCIl fr.=,disj,g wkql=,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' fuu fr.=,dis n,d;aul jkafka ksIamdok rgg we;=¿jk wjia:dfõ§h' hqfrdamd ix.ufha Ydl fi!LHdrCIl

fr.=,dis ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd wka;¾cd, ìysfodr iuÕ iïnkaO jkak'

www.ipp.int/ipp/EN/nppo.jsp

ke;fyd;a hqfrdamd fldñifï Ydl ikSmdrCI wjYH;d ms<sn| iïmsKaä; j.ka;s ^wOHCI iNdj 2000$29$EC iy ixfYdaok& i|yd(www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/consleg/pdf/en_2000L0029_do_001.pdf

cmdkh cmdkhg ksIamdok imhk iemhqïlrejka trg Ydl wdrCIK kS;shg" Ydl fi!LHdrCIl kS;shg iy wdydr ikSmdrCIK kS;shg wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' fuu fr.=,dis n,d;aul lrkq ,nkafka trg lDIslu_" jk iy ëjr wud;HdxYfha Ydl wdrCIK wxYh uÕskqhs' cmdk

Ydl ikSmdrCIK fr.=,dis fyda cmdk Ydl ksfrdaOdhk ls%hd ms<sfj; ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

- 9 -

Ydl wdrCIK uOHia:dkh( www.pps.go.jp/english/cmdk ndysr fj<| ixúOdkh( www.jetro.go.jp/en/market/regulations/pdf/ plant 2003gpr.e.pdfi;aj ksfrdaOdhkh( www.maff-aqs.go.jp/english/ryoko/index.htm

4' f¾.= ksoyia lsÍu

NdKav rgg we;=,a lsÍu i|yd jk wjika wjirh r|d mj;skafka wdkhkh lrk rfgys f¾.= rdcldÍ u;hs' f¾.=fjka NdKav ksoyia lr.ekSu i|yd wdkhklrejka úiska wod, wdlD;s m;% ̂ fj<|" kdúl& iïmQ¾K l<hq;= w;r ish¨ .dia;= ̂ ;Srenÿ" whnÿ& f.úh hq;=h' tu wdlD;s m;% iïmQ¾K lsÍug l,a .;ùfuka isÿúh yels m%udohka j,lajd .ekSu i|yd iuyr rgj,a fmr ksoyia lsÍfï jevigyka bÈm;a lr ;sfnkjd' fuhska woyia jkafka wmkhkh lrkq ,nk ksIamdok wod, fr.=,dis wkq.ukh lr we;s njg j.lsh yels ks,OdÍka iy;sl ùu uÕka tu ksIamdok ksIamdÈ; rfgys isgu f¾.=fjka ksoyia l< yels njhs'

wdkhkh lrk rgj, fr.=,dis tllg fyda wkql+, fkdùu ksIamdok m%;sfCIam lsÍug fya;=úh yelsh'

weußld tlai;a ckmoh weußld tlai;a ckmohg ksIamdok we;=¿ lsÍu i|yd f¾.= ks,OdÍkag n,h mejÍ we;af;a tu ksIamdok trg i;aj yd Ydl fi!LHdrCIl mÍCIK fiajh (APHIS) uÕska iy wdydr yd T!IO md,l uKav,h (FDA) uÕska mÍCIdjg ,la lsÍfuka wk;=rej muKs' tys§

wmkhklrejkq;a ksIamdok j, m%udKh" jákdlu" úia;rh iy ksIamdÈ; rg wkqj ksYaph jk nÿ f.úh hq;=hs'

ksIamdok wmkhk lsÍfuka miq wjidkfha§ ^wdkhk rfÜ§& isÿl, hq;= f¾.= lghq;= fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd wmkhklrejkag f¾.= ls%hdud¾. iïmQ¾K l, yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka fmr ksoyia lsÍfï§ wjYH jk Ydl ikSmdrCIl iy;sl jeks wdkhk ,shlsú,s iuyr rgj,§ cd;Hka;r i;aj yd Ydl fi!LHdrCIl mÍCIK fiajh uÕska ,nd.; yelsh'

weußld tlai;a ckmofha fmr ksoyia lsÍu i|yd we;s jevigyka ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/preclearance/

weußldkq f¾.=j uÕska jeäÈhqKq lrk ,o iajhxl%Sh jHdmdßl moaO;s Ndú;fhka wmkhklrejkag ;u ,shlshú,s bf,lafg%dkslj ilia l< yelsh' jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/import/operations_support/automated_systems/ams/

- 10 -

hqfrdamd ix.uh f¾.= ksoyia lsÍu ms<sn| hqfrdamd ix.ufha ls%hd ud¾. ráka rgg fjkia fjkjd' flfia jqk;a" hqfrdamd ix.ufha fndfyda rgj, bf,lafg%dksl f¾.= moaO;s iy f¾.= ksoyia lsÍfï lghq;= fõ.j;a lrk fjk;a jevigyka ls%hd;aul fjkjd' f¾.= ksoyia lsÍfï ls%hdud¾. ms<sn| úfYaI

f;dr;=re iy ;Srenÿ wkqmd; i|yd ^rg wkqj&(

nÿ wh lsÍfï iy f¾.= ix.uh( www.euroa.eu.int/comm/taxation_ customs/common/about/welcome/index_en.htm

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,ska wdkhkh lsÍu m%j¾Okh i|yd jQ uOHia:dkh (Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries - CBI): www.cbi.nl

cmdkh ;u ksIamdok cmdkhg we;=¿ùug fmr wmkhk lrejka úiska cmdk fi!LH yd iqnidOk wud;HdxYh uÕska ls%hd;aul jk bf,lafg%dksl moaO;sh yryd trgg NdKav we;=¿jk ia:dkfha msysá ksfrdaOdhk uOHia:dkh fj; oekqïÈh hq;=hs' f¾.= ksoyia lsÍug .;jk ld,h wvqlr

.ekSu i|yd ksIamdokfha kshe¢hla ̂ idïm,hla& cmdkfha fyda wmkhk lrkq ,nk rfgys msysá ks, úoHd.drhlg heúh yels w;r tys m%;sM, jd¾:d fmr ksoyia lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a l, yelsh' mdßfNda.sl whnÿ yd ;Srenÿ wjika ksoyia lsÍug fmr f.úh hq;=hs' wdkhk ls%hdu¾. ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topi‚/importedfoods/index.html

cmdk f¾.=j( www.cñtoms.go.jp/english/index.htm

keõ.; nvqf;d.hla m%;sfCIam jQ úg lghq;= lrkafka flfiao@

by; i|yka l< fr.=,dis tlla fyda jeä .Kklg wk=l=, fkdjk keõ.; lDIs ksIamdok" wdkhkh lrk rgg we;=¿jk jrdfha§u m%;sfCIam lsÍug ,laúh yelsh' y÷kd.;a .eg¿j nrm;, jQ úg keõ.; nvqf;d. yd weiqreï úkdY lrkq ,nk w;r ish¨ úhoï wmkhk lreg ord.ekSug isÿjkjd' y÷kd.;a .eg¿j jvd nrm;, fkdjQ úg wmkhklreg tu keõ.; nvqf;d. ;udf.a úhoñkau kS;s Í;s jvd ;Èka n, fkdmdk fjk;a fj<|m,la lrd yrjd heùug yelshdjla ;sfnkjd'

wojk úg fndfyda ld¾ólrKh jQ rgj,a fmdÿ fr.=,dis wkq.ukh lsÍug fm<ö isák neúka úfYaIfhkau l,a;nd. fkdyels nvq f;d. fjk;a fj<|m,la lrd yrjd heùfï bvlv wvq fjñka mj;skjd' ;jo bfíu ls%hd;aul jk wdydr

- 11 -

wdrCIl moaO;shla uÕska m%;sfCIams; keõ.; nvqf;d. ms<sn| úia;r hqfrdamd ix.ufha idudðl rgj,g oekqï§ula isÿjk ksid m%;sfCIam nvq f;d.hla fjk;a jrdhla yryd hqfrdamd ix.ufha idudðl rglg kej; we;=¿ùu je,elaù ;sfnkjd' tfiau weußld tlai;a ckmofha iajfoaYdkqrd.S mk; uÕska trg tla jrdhlska we;=,aùu j,lajk ,o keõ.; nvq f;d.hla kej; trgg we;=¿ùu j,lajd ;sfnkjd'

keõ.; nvq f;d.hla f¾.=fjka ksoyia l< miqj;a th wdkhklref.a ldßfhka wjYH;d imqrd,k njg ;yjqre jkafka ke;a;ï ;jÿrg;a m%;sfCIam lsÍug ,laúh yelsh' fuys§ wmkhklreg ish¨ úhoï ord.ekSug isÿjkjd' fufia keõ.; nvqf;d. m%;sfCIam ùu wmkhklrejkag wêl úhoï iys; jQjls' wmkhkh lrkq ,nk ráka nvq f;d. msgùug fmr tjd wdkhkh lrkq ,nk rfgys ish¨ kS;s Í;s yd fr.=,dis j,g wkql=, jk nj iy wdkhklref.a wjYH;d imqrd,k njg iy;sl lr.ekSu w;HdjYH jkafka ta ksidh' ´kEu m%;sfCIam ls%hd ud¾.hla f,aLk.; lsÍu jeo.;a jk w;r tu.ska wkd.;fha§ wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd jd¾:d ;nd.; yelshs' m%;sfCIam lsÍfï ;SrKhlg úreoaO ùfï hdka;%Khla mj;sk kuq;a blauKska krlajk iajNdjfhka hq;= wdydr ksIamdok i|yd th jvd m%dfhda.sl jkafka keye'

Tfí keõ.; nvq f;d.j,ska tlla fyda m%;sfCIam lrkq ,eîug fya;= úhyels .eg¿jla mj;S hehs iel my< jkafka kï" jvd;a iqÿiq jkafka tu ksIamdok kej; f.kajd .ekSu fyda ;u .Kqfokqlre fj; b;d blauKska oekqï§uhs' th isÿúh yels ydksh j<lajd wdydr wdrCIdj iy;sl lsÍug wkq,iaj lghq;= lsÍula nj fmkakqï lrkjd' flfia jqj;a" ´kEu m%;sfCIams; ksIamdokhla Tfí fj<| lghq;= j,g muKla fkdj" Tn ksfhdackh lrk uq¿uy;a l¾udka;hg jf.au Tfí rfÜ ksIamdokh lrk ish¨ ksIamdok j, lS¾;s kduhg ydksodhl jk nj u;l ;nd .kak'

5' f;dard.;a wdishd - Ydka;slr l<dmSh rgj,wdkhk fr.=,dis

úfoaYSh fj<|m,j, wdkhk yd wmkhk kS;s Í;s i|yd jq fr.=,dis ms<sn|j f;dr;=re oek.; yels uQ<sl uQ,dY%hla jkafka Tfí rchhs' ta i|yd Tfí rfÜ lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh iuÕ fyda úfoaY fj<|du ms<sn| wud;HdxYh iïnkaO úh yelshs' wdkhkh lrkq ,nk rfgys ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha wd¾Ól fyda fj<| fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕskq;a wdkhk fr.=,dis ms<sn|j f;dr;=re imhkq ,eìh yelshs'

óg wu;rj Tng my; ,ehsia;=fõ oelafjk uQ,dY% j,skq;a wdkhk rgj, f;dr;=re fidhd.; yelshs' fuh mq¿,a ,ehsia;=jla fkdjk w;r fuys we;=,;a lr we;s fyda we;=,;a lr ke;s ixúOdk fyda fjí wvú ms<sn| wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkfha u;h ms<sìUq fkdlrk nj ldreKslj i,lkak'

- 12 -

´iafÜ%,shdjikSmdrCIl iy Ydl ikSmdrCIl fr.=,diswww.dafta.gov.au/aqis/import

N+;dkhN+;dk lDIslu_ yd wdydr fr.=,dis wêldßh" lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j";sïmq" N+;dkhÿ'l'( +975 2 327 031*elaia( +975 2 327 032

uyck Ök iuQydKavqj;;aj mÍlaIdj ms<sn| idudkH md,l uKav,h" uyck Ök iuQydKavqfõmÍCIK yd ksfrdaOdhkh( www.aqsiq.gov.cn/úoaHq;a ;emE,( [email protected]ÿ'l'( +86 10 8226 0001 +86 10 8226 1600

jdKsc wud;HdxYh( www.mofcom.gov.cn/ÿ'l'( +86 10 6512 1919

lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh( www.agri.gov.cn/ÿ'l'( +86 10 6419 3366

fydxfldx(Special Administrative Region - úfYaIs; jQ mßmd,kuh l,dmhwdydr yd mdßißl iajia:;d fomd¾;fïka;=j( www.fehd.gov.lk/

m%Odk fi!LH mÍlaIl ^wdkhk$wmkhk&ÿ'l'( +852 2867 5570*elaia( +852 2521 4784

lDIslu_ ëjr yd ixrCIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wdkhk f;dr;=re i|yd fjí wvúh(www.afcd.gov.lk/

bkaÈhdjlDIs ksIamdok i|yd wdkhk kS;s Í;s( www.exim.indamart.com/

uef,aishdjwdkhk kS;s yd fr.=,dis ms<sn| f;dr;=re( www.agrolink.moa.my

kjiS,ka;hkjiS,ka; wdydr wdrCIl wêldßh www.nzfsa.govt.nz/labelling-composition/

- 13 -

mlsia:dkhwdkhkh lrk lDIsld¾ñl iy c,c j.d ksIamdok kS;sÍ;s ms<sn| f;dr;=re i|yd(www.cbr.gov.pk

ms,smSkhwdydr yd T!IO ld¾hdxYh ^fi!LH fomd¾;fïka;=j&(www.bfad.gov.phÿ'l'( +63^2& 807 072" 842 56 06" 842 4538*elaia( +63 ^2& 842 4603iïnkaëlrKh( úOdhl ks<OdÍ ([email protected])

lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j( www.da.gov.phÿ'l'( +63 ^2& 928 8741 +0 65*elaia( +63 ^2& 929 8183" 928 5140iïnkaëlrKh( f,alï lDIslu_" m%OdkS" cd;Hka;r in|;d wxYh

isx.mamQrejwdkhk fr.=,dis(www.customs.gov.sg/leftNar/into/imp/import+Requirements.htm

;dhs,ka;hlDIs ksIamdok i|yd jQ wdkhk kS;sÍ;s( www.doa.go.th/en/www.nfi.or.th/nfi/home.php?form[module] =links form cindex &form [lang]=en

c,c j.d ksIamdok i|yd jQ wdkhk kS;sÍ;s(www.fisheries.go.th/english/index.php

úhÜkduhúhákdu f¾.= fomd¾;fïka;=j(www.itpc.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/english/trade_guide/vn_tarift/vn_index.html

lDIslu_ wud;HdxYhwww.agroviet.gov.vn/en/defaul.asp

ëjr wud;HdxYhwww.mofi.gov.vn

- 14 -

6' wmkhk iy ksIamdok .=Kd;auh i|yd iyfhda.S;djh,ndfok wdishdkq ixúOdk

uq,skau ixlS¾K hehs fmkS hk" úYd, jYfhka tlsfklg fjkia jQ ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis yd wdkhk wjYH;d ms<sn|j ksIamdolhska yd wmkhklrejka ;uka úiskau oekqu yd m<mqreoao we;slr .ekSu wjYH fjkjd' flfia jqj;a" ksIamdolhskag fuu fr.=,dis j,g wkql+,j lghq;= lsÍu i|yd Woõ jk cd;sl iy cd;Hka;r ixúOdk .Kkdjla wdishdkq rgj, msysgd ;sfnkjd' Tng tu ixúOdk iuÕ fkdmels,sj iïnkaO úh yelshs' wu;r f;dr;=re fyda wod, mqyqKq lsÍï ,nd§ug tu ixúOdk j,g yelshdj mj;skjd'

hqfrdamSh wdkhk iSud iy wmkhk l%shdud¾. ms<sn|j f;dr;=re f.dú ixúOdk

j,g iyh fok rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhlska ,nd.kakd f;a f.dúfhl="

cd;Hka;r uÜgñkaixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a i|yd jQ hqfrdamd ix.ï wka;¾cd, iydh ljq¿j( www.export-help.cec.eu.int/

wka;¾ cd;sl fj<|dug myiqlï iemhSu i|yd jQ ud¾f.damfoaY(www.europa.eu-int/comm/food/fvo/pdf/guide_thirdcountries_en.pdf

cd;Hka;r fj<| uOHia:dkh(www.intracen.org/menus/itc/itc.htm

fj<|fmd,g m%fõY ùfï mß.Kl o;a; .nvdj(www.mkaccdb.eu.int

APEC: wdishd Ydka;slr wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;d l,dmh ish¨ APEC idudðl rgj, wdkhk fr.=,dis i|yd jQ fmdÿ fjí wvúhwww.apec.org/apec /apec _groups/committees/committee_on_trade/market_access_group /import_regulations/australia.html

fn,aðhug wmkhkh

lsÍu i|yd Tng wjYH

,sms f,aLk jkafka

ia;+;shs

- 15 -

cd;sl uÜgñka

lDIs ksIamdok wmkhklrejkag iy wmkhk i|yd ksIamdokh lrk f.dùkag iydh ùu i|yd Tnf.a rcfhka l%shd;aul lrk jevigyka ;sìh yelshs' ta ms<sn| f;dr;=re ±k.ekSu i|yd Tng lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh iy úfoaY fj<| wud;HdxYh iuÕ iïnkaO úh yelshs'

óg wu;rj my; i|yka fjí msgqfõ ,ehsia;=.; wdishdkq ixúOdk uÕska wmkhk ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd wjYH iydh imhkq ,eìh yelshs'www.fao.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_35950en.htm

fojk fldgiiafõÉPd iy;sllrKh

fuu w;afmdf;a m<uq fldgfika wefußld tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamd ix.uh" cmdkh iy wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh rgj, jeo.;a ;dCIKsl fr.=,dis iy wdkhk wjYH;d ms,sn|j úia;r lrkq ,enqjd' fulS fj<|fmd<j,a i|yd ;u ksIamdok wf,ú lsÍug wjYH ksIamdolhskag iy wmkhklrejkag wod, fr.=,dis yd wdkhk wjYH;dj,g wkql+,j lghq;= lsÍu wksjd¾h fjkjd'

fuu fldgfika wjOdkh fhduq jkafka iafõÉPd ̂mqoa.,sl& m%ñ;Ska iy iy;sllrKh ms<sn|jhs' iafõÉPd m%ñ;Ska wksjd¾h jkafka keye' iafõÉPd iy;sllrKh isÿlsÍu fyda fkdlsÍu ms<sn| ;SrKh f.dùkag iy wmkhklrejkag .;yels w;r tys wd¾Óluh m%;súmdlo Tjqkau ord .;hq;=hs'

w;afmdf;a fuu fldgfika wdishdkq l,dmfha l%shd;aul jk iuyr m%Odk iafõÉPd ^mqoa.,sl& lDIs iy;sllrK jevigyka yd jeäÿr f;dr;=re imhd.; yels iïnkaO;d ms<sn| idudkH f;dr;=re we;=<;a fjkjd'

- 16 -

iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok j,g jeä leue;a;la olajk .eKqïlrejka iys;

cd;Hka;r wdydr m%o¾Ykhla

1' iy;sllrKh ms<sn| .eg¿

iafõÉPd iy;sllrKh hkq l=ulao@

i<lkq ,nk m%ñ;shla lrd <ÕdjQ nj ia:sr lr.ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh l< yels l%shdud¾. ;=kla mj;skjd' ñka m<uqjk l%shdud¾.h kï ;u iud.ul lsishï m%ñ;shla <Õdlr.; hq;= nj ;SrKh lsÍu iy thg wkql+,j lghq;= lrk nj ia:Sr lr .ekSu i|yd ish¨u fomd¾;fïka;= j,ska wjYH fiajlhska m;alsÍuhs' fuh m<uq md¾Yùh ikd: lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjkjd' fojk l%shdud¾.h jkafka iud.ul ;u iemhqï lrejkaf.ka tu m%ñ;Ska imqrk f,i b,a,d isàu uÕska iemhqïlrejka tu m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j lghq;= lsÍug fhduqlrùuhs' fuh fojk md¾Yùh ikd: lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjkjd' wjidkfha § iud.ulg ;u iemhqïlrejka wod, m%ñ;Ska wkqj NdKav ksIamdokh lrkafka o hkak ks¾Kh lsÍu iy md,kh i|yd ;u jHdmdrhg iïnkaO fkdjk iajdëk wdh;khl iydh ,nd.; yelsh' fuh ;=kajk md¾Yùh ikd: lsÍu fyda iy;sl lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjkjd' tu ksid w¾:oelaùfukau iy;sl lsÍfï ld¾hh iajdëk jQ ;=kajk md¾Yajhla uÕska isÿl, hq;=hs' jvd;a iqÿiq jkafka m%ñ;Ska kshu l< ixúOdkh uÕskau iy;sl lsÍfï lghq;= l%shd;aul fkdlsÍuhs' wfkla w;g" tu lghq;= isÿlsÍu i|yd iqÿiqlï iys; iajdëk iy;sl lsÍfï uKav,hlg n,h mejÍu ^kï lsÍu& isÿl, hq;=hs'

wehs uu iy;sl

lf<a ke;af;a

- 17 -

f.dùka iy Wmldrl ks<OdÍka iy;sl lrk l%shdj,sh mss<sn| oekqu ,nd.ekSu

iy;slhla hkq iajdëk iy;sllrK wdh;khla uÕska ksIamdok l%shdj,sh fyda ksIamdokh ksYaÑ; m%ñ;Ska j,g wkql+, njg iy;sl lrkq ,nk ,shú,a,ls' fuu m%ñ;Ska uÕska mdßißl lreKq ^mdxY= ixrCIKh" c, ixrCIKh" m,sfndaOkdYl Ndú;h iy wmøjH l<uKdlrkh jeks& fyda iudchSh lreKq ^ksIamdolhdf.a wdodhu" fiajl whs;Ska" /lshdj iïnkaO fi!LH iy wdrCIdj jeks& ms<sn|j fyda wdydr wdrCIKh jeks wfkl=;a lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduql, yelshs'

fujeks jevigyka mj;skafka l=ula i|yd|@

iy;sllrKh uÕska ksIamdolhskag fj<|fmd< wjia:d i,id fok w;r foaYSh iajdNdúl iïm;a wdrCId lsÍu;a" fiajl fi!LHdrCIdj fukau .%dóh m%cdjf.a cSjk ;;a;ajh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu;a isÿfjkjd' tfiau mdßfNda.sl wdrCIdj iqrCIs; lsÍug;a bjy,a úh yelshs' mdßfNda.slhka ;uka mßfNdackh lrk wdydrj, ksIamdokh yd fj<|du wdY%s; .eg¿ ms<sn|j olajk ie,ls,su;a nj jvd;a jeäfjñka mj;skjd' fuu lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fm!oa.,sl ixúOdk fyda rdcH wdh;k uÕsska úúO wdldrfha iy;sllrK jevigyka y÷kajd § ;sfnkjd'

- 18 -

iy;sl lsÍu wjYH jkafka wehs@

ksIamdokhla ksYaÑ; l%uhlg ksmojd we;s nj fyda ksYaÑ; m%ñ;shlg wkql+, jk ,CIK j,ska hqla;jk nj fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd iy;sllrKh fhdod .efkkjd' fuh m%Odk jYfhka Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka ksIamdolhd iy mdßfNda.slhd w;r iDcq in|;djhla fkdmj;sk" WodyrKhla jYfhka mdßfNda.slhd yd ksIamdolhd yuqfkdjk cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf,a § ksIamdolhd úia;r lrk whqßkau ksIamdokh isÿlrkq ,en we;s njg mdßfNda.slhdg ;yjqre lr.ekSu wmyiqùu jeks wjia:dj, §'

iy;sllrKh uÕska hï ksIamdokhla fj<|fmdf,a we;s wksl=;a ksIamdok j,ska úfYaIKh fldg ^fjkalr& oelaúh yelsùu ksid th tu ksIamdokfha fj<|fmd, m%j¾Okhg WmldÍ úh yelshs' tfiau iy;sllrKh uÕska fj<|fmd< m%fõYhg we;s wjia:d jvd j¾Okh lrk w;ru we;eïúg ksIamdolhdg by< ñ,la ,nd .ekSugo fya;= fjkjd'

cmdkh" weußld tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamd ix.uh jeks úYd, wdkhk fj<|fmd, j,§ iuyr fm!oa.,sl m%ñ;Skaj,g idfmaCIj iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok i|yd by< ñ,la iys; fj<|fmd, wjia:d mj;skjd' WodyrKhla jYfhka ldnksl iy idOdrK fj<|du (fair-trade) f,i iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok i|yd tfia iy;sl fkdlrk ,o iudldr ksIamdokj,g idfmaCIj by< ñ,la ysñùu oelaúh yelshs' fuu rgj,a wdishdkq rgj,ska ie,lsh hq;= ldnksl ksIamdok m%udKhla wdkhkh lrkq ,nkjd' WodyrKhla jYfhka uyck Ökfhka yd bkaÈhdfjka ldnksl f;a o" áfudarfhka (Timor Leste) ldnksl fldamso" ms,smSkfhka ldnksl yd idOdrK fj<|du iy;sllrKh hgf;a flfi,ao" uyck Ökfhka yd ;dhs,ka;fhka ldnksl t<j¿ wdkhkho oelaúh yelshs' tfia jqj;a wdishdkq wmkhklrejka m%dfoaYSh fj<|fmd, wjia:d fkdi,ld yeÍuo fkdl< hq;=hs' ienúkau úYd, k.r ixj¾Okh;a iuÕu we;sjk kd.ßl uOHu mx;sh yd wdishdkq rgj, j¾Okh jk iqmsß fj<|ie,a fukau ;;ajfhka Wiia ksIamdok i|yd jk foaYSh fj<|fmd, fõ.j;aj j¾Okh jkjd' tu ksid fuu w;afmdf;ka cd;sl ;;aj iy;sllrK jevigyka ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,ndfok w;r ksIamdokj, .=Kd;aul wjYH;d hqfrdamd ix.uh" weußld tlai;a ckmoh yd cmdk fj<|fmdf,a§ ;rï ;on, fkdjk foaYSh yd m%dfoaYSh fj<|fmd, wjia:d w;alr .ekSu ms<sn|j is;d ne,Su i|yd mdGlhdj fmd<Ujkq ,nkjd'

Tõ oelalo ta iy;slfha

ke;s ,hsÖj, ñ<.Kka

wvqfj,d ;sfhk yeá

wms ldnksl iy;slh

.;a; tl fyd|hs

fkao@

- 19 -

úhou @

fï i|yd jk úhou fohdldrhs' ^1& i,lkq ,nk m%ñ;sh <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd oeÍug jk isÿjk úhou iy f;dard .;a iy;sllrK jevigyk wkqj ;u f.dúfmdf,a isÿl<hq;= fjkialï i|yd hk msßjeh fõ' ^2& iy;sllrKh i|yd oeÍug isÿjk úhou th mÍlaIlhdg$ mÍlaIljrekag f.dúfmd, mÍlaId lsÍug ^f.dúfmd, ú.Kkh& i|yd .;jk ld,h yd Tjqkaf.a m%jdyk i|yd jk úhoï fõ'

úúO wdldrfha iy;sllrK jevigyka fndfyduhla w;=ßka ksIamdolhdg ;udg wjYH iy;sllrK jevigyk f;dard.; yelshs' iy;sllrKh ,nd.ekSu i|yd jQ fukau f;dard .kakd iy;sllrK jevigyk ms<sn|j ;SrK f.dúfmd, l<uKdlrk wdfhdack iy fj<|fmd, Wmdh ud¾. flfrys n,mdkq ,nk jeo.;a ;SrKhs' flfia jqj;a iEu iy;sllrK jevigyklau úúO jQ wruqKq iys; jk ksid wjYH;djka o tlsfklg fjkia fjkjd'

2' mdßißl iy;sllrKh

ldnksl f.dú;ek

ldnksl f.dú;ek hkq" f.dúfmd, iy tys mßirh tla moaO;shla f,i l<uKdlrkh lrkq ,nk ksIamdok l%uhls' tys§ f.dúfmd, l%shd;aul jk mßir moaO;sfha ikSmdrCIdj by< kexùu i|yd idïmodhsl yd úoHd;aul hk fohdldrfhau oekqu Ndú;d lrkq ,nkjd' ldnksl f.dúfmd, úYajdih ;nkqfha wldnksl fmdfydr iy lDIs ridhk øjH jeks ndysr lDIs fhojqïj,g jvd foaYSh iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h iy mßir moaO;s l<uKdlrkh u;hs' tneúka ldnksl f.dú;efka§ lD;%Su ridhksl øjH yd cdkuh jYfhka fjkia lrk ,o fhojqï m%;slafIam lrkq ,nkjd' th miqj idrj;a nj kv;a;= lrk mqrka lsÍu jeks ia:Sridr jQ idïm%odhsl f.dú;eka l%u Ndú;hg wkqn, fokjd'

ldnksl f.dú;efkys ksr;jk f.dú m%cdjf.a mdßißl iunr;djh

- 20 -

m%Odk wjYH;d@

fndfyda ldnksl iy;sllrKh lrk ,o fNda. fukau mY= ksYamdok u;aiH j.dj" ó ueis md,kh" jk j.dj iy jkdka;rfhka ,nd.kakd jQ ksIamdok i|yd úfYaIs; jQ wjYH;d mj;skjd' ldnksl m%ñ;Ska i|yd mßj¾;k ld, iSudjka mj;S' ñka woyia jkafka iy;sllrKh ,nd.ekSug fmr f.dúfmd< lsishï ld, mßÉfþohla ldnksl l%u wkqj j.d lghq;= l<hq;= njhs' fuu ld,h o< jYfhka jir 2 - 3la úh yelsh'

iuyr ldnksl j.d ks¾Kdhl

fnda. ksIamdok wjYH;d wod, jkqfha( i;aj ksIamdok wjYH;d wod, jkqfhaîc iy frdamK øjH f;aÍu i;aj fi!LH iy iqNidOkhmdxY= idrj;aNdjh kv;a;= lsÍu iy fmdaIKh iy wNsckkh ldnksl øjH m%;spl%ShlrKh m%jdyk iy i;a;aj >d;khcdk ;dCIKfhka jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,o fhojqï Ndú;h ;ykï lsÍu f.dúfmdf,a fnda. úúO;ajhla we;s lsÍuksIamdok ieliSu" weiqreïlrKh iy wkqf¾Lkh lsÍuldnksl fmdfydr iy frda." m<sfndaO iy j,a me<Eá md,kh i|yd ldnksl ixfhda. Ndú;d lsÍu

iy;sl lrkafka flfiao@

ldnksl f.dú;ek i|yd m%Odk jYfhka m%ñ;Ska ilialr we;af;a fm!oa.,sl iy;sllrK ixúOdk uÕska jk kuq;a" wdishdkq rgj,a .Kkdjl cd;sl ldnksl m%ñ;Ska iy fr.=,dis msysgqjd ;sfnkjd ^Wod' cmdkh" uyck Ökh" uef,aishdj" fldßhdj" ;dhs,ka;h&' óg wu;rj ldnksl f.dú;ek m%j¾Okh lsÍu iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk fm!oa.,sl ixúOdk mj;skjd ^Wod' ;dhs,ka;fha .%Ska fkÜ$w¾;a fkÜ *jqkafâIka&' hqfrdamd ix.uh" wefußld tlai;a ckmoh" iy cmdkh jeks rgj, f,an,a lsÍu i|yd cd;sl fr.=,dis mj;sk w;r ksIamdolfhl=g ;u ksIamdok fuu rgj,g wmkhkh lsÍug wjYH kï fuu fr.=,dis j,g wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs'

iy;sllrK wdh;khla f;dard .ekSu b;d jeo.;a' ksIamdolhd úiska f;dard.kq ,nk iy;sllrK wdh;kh ksIamdokh úlsKSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rg uÕska ks, jYfhka y÷kd.; hq;=hs' idudkHfhka cd;sl iy;sllrK wdh;khla f;dard .ekSu cd;Hka;r wdh;khla f;dard .ekSug jvd ,dNodhS jk kuq;a tu wdh;k we;eï úfoaYSh rgj,a uÕska ms<s.kq ,nk fyd¢ka okakd wdh;k fkdúh yelshs'

- 21 -

ldnksl l%u wkq.ukh l,o jir 2-3 mßj¾;k ld,iSudj .;jk;=re ;u ksIamdok idïm%odhsl ñ,gu wf,ú lsÍug isÿùu ksid ksIamdok úhou wêl ùug yd wvq wiajekakla ,eîug fya;=úh yelshs' ldnksl iy;sllrKh ,ndf.k fkdue;s jqj;a ldnksl ksIamdok i|yd mßj¾:kh fjñka mj;sk f.dúfmd, ksIamdok i|yd;a iuyr rgj,§ fj<|fmd, b,aüla mj;skjd'

fujeks ksIamdok we;eï úg ~ldnksl ksIamdokhla lrd mßj¾;kh fjñka mj;sk~ ôrganic in transition& hk f,an,h hgf;a olakg ,efnkjd' úhou wvq lsÍug iy m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j ksIamdokh by< kexùu i|yd wfkHdakH iyfhda.S;djh ,nd .ekSug ksIamdolhska lKavdhulg tlg tlaj lghq;= l< yels w;r Tjqkag Tjqkaf.au wNHka;r md,k l%uhla we;s lr .; yelshs' fñ i|yd" tlsfkld w;r úYajdih iy tluq;=j fyd¢ka jev lsÍu jeo.;a jkafka Tjqkag úYd, jYfhka tlsfkld u; hemSug isÿjk ksihs' ksIamdok lKavdhï msysgqùu iy mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn|j u. fmkaùu ldnksl f.dú;ek ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r tlai;a jHdmdrh Înternational Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement& uÕska ,nd .; yelshs' iïnkaO ùu i|yd my; úia;r n,kak'

úYd, jYfhka lDIsridhk øjH Ndú;d fkdlrk wdishdkq rgj, ksIamdolhskag ldnksl f.dú;ek uÕska is;a.kakdiq¿ fj<|fmd, wjia:d Wodlrfokq ,nkjd' WodyrKhla f,i uyck Ökh f,dj mqrd fndfyda rgj,go ldnksl f;a iy cmdkhg ldnksl t<j¿o wmkhk lrk w;r bkaÈhdj ldnksl f;a o" ms,smSkh ldnksl flfi,a iy wU o kef.kysr áfudarh ldnksl fldams o wmkhkh lrkq ,nkjd'

bv m%ia:d iy iSud

f.dúfmd, iy;sl lrkq ,enQ úg ldnksl ksIamdok úlsKSu uÕska ksIamdolhdf.a Ôjk ;;ajh iy wdodhu jeäÈhqKq lsÍfï yelshdj mj;skjd'

iy;sl lrk ks,Odßhd f.dúm, mÍCId lsÍu iy m%Yak lrkq ,eîu

idudkHfhka tl

lkakhlg fmdfydr

lsf,da lShla ú;r

odkjo@

- 22 -

ksIamdolhska úúO fya;= ksid ldnksl j.djg fhduqfjkjd' we;eï ksIamdolhska lDIs ridhk øjH Tjqkaf.a fi!LHhg iy mßirhg wys;lr ksid;a" wfkl=;a ksIamdolhska ldnksl ksIamdok i|yd ,efnk by< ñ, .Kka ksid iy uE; ld,fha§ ldnksl ksIamdok i|yd fõ.fhka j¾Okh jk fj<|fmd< wjia:d ksid;a ta i|yd keUqre fjkjd'

my; i|yka lreKq u; ldnksl f.dú;ekg udreùu ksIamdolhdg myiq fyda jvd ,dNodhS úhyelshs'

ldnksl fmdfydr iy wfkl=;a ks¾foaYs; fhojqï Ndú;d lrkafkao ke;fyd;a úYd, jYfhka lDIs ridhk øjH Ndú;d lrkafkao hkak'

bvï whs;shwjYH ;rï lïlrejka imhd.; yelso hkak ^ldnksl f.dú;ek i|yd

jeä Y%uhla wjYH jk neúka&

ldnksl f.dú;ek ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=rewka;¾cd;sl ixúOdk $ wdh;k

- ldnksl f.dú;ek ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r tlaila jHdmdrh (IFOAM) www.infoam.org úoHq;a ;emE,( headofficefoam-org ÿ'l' +49 228 926 5010

- tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkh (FAO) www.fao.org/organicag

- cd;Hka;r fj<| uOHia:dkh (ITC) www.intracen.rg

wf,úlrKh

- ldnksl fj<| fiajdj - tlai;a rdcOdksh www.organicts.com úoHq;a ;emE,( info@organi CTS.com ÿ'l' +44 797 410 3109

- USDA FAS - weußld tlai;a ckmoh www.fas.usda.gov/agx/organics/ index.htm

m¾fhaIK uOHia:dk(

- FIBL - iaúiag¾,ka;h www.fibl.org/english/index.php úoHq;a ;emE,( [email protected] ÿ'l' +41 628 657 272

- ldnksl m¾fhaIK - tlai;a rdcOdksh www.organic-research.com

- cd;sl ia:sridr lDIsl¾u f;dr;=re fiajdj - weußld tlai;a ckmoh www.attra.org

- 23 -

wdishdfõ msysá cd;sl iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iy iy;sllrK wdh;k www.fao.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight-35950 en.html

ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh

ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh ks¾udKh lr we;af;a fm!oa.,sl iy rdcH hk wxY foflysu mdßißl l<uKdlrk moaO;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd iydh ùu msKsihs' th ia:dms; lrk ,oafoa cd;Hka;r m%ñ;slrK wdh;kh ^ISO& uÕskqhs' fuu wdh;kh rchka iuÕska tlaj lghq;= lrk iy l¾udka; wxYfha iy mdßfNda.sl ksfhdað;hkaf.ka iukaú; cd;sl m%ñ;s wdh;kj, cd;Hka;r fm!oa.,sl cd,hls' mdßißl l<uKdlrk fuj,ï f,i Ndú;d l<yels fjk;a ISO m%ñ;Ska mj;sk w;r iy;sllrKh i|yd Ndú;d l< yelafla ISO 14001 muKs' ISO m%ñ;s ldKavfha wka;¾.; jk cd;Hka;rj tluq;= jQ úúO iafõÉPd m%ñ;Ska ish¨ l¾udka; wxYj, mq¿,a f,i Ndú;hg .efkkjd'

m%Odk wjYH;d@

ISO 14001 m%ñ;slrKh i|yd l¾udka;hl mdßißl l<uKdlrk moaO;shla l%shd;aul l<hq;= w;r tys mdßißl wruqKq iy wNsu;d¾:" tu wNsu;d¾: <.dlr.ekSu i|yd m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdud¾." j.lSï i|yd ks¾jpk" ks,OdÍka mqyqKq lsÍfï lghq;=" jd¾:d ;nd.ekSu iy lsishï fjkila we;sjQ úgl úu¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd jevms<sfj,la wka;¾.; ùu wjYH fjkjd' ISO 14001 m%ñ;Ska iud.ula wkq.ukh l<hq;= l<uKdlrk l%shdud¾. úia;r lrk w;r iud.u úiska cd;sl mdßißl fr.=,dis j,go .re l<hq;= fjkjd' flfia jqj;a th ;sìh hq;= úfYaIs; id¾:l;aj uÜgï fyda <Õdlr.; hq;= ksYaÑ; id¾:l;aj wruqKq kshu lr ke;'

iy;sl lrjd .kafka flfiao@

ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh mssßkukq ,nkafka rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl iy;sllrK wdh;k uÕska Tjqkaf.a j.lSu hgf;ahs' f,dalfha iuyr rgj, cd;sl ms<s.ekSfï uKav, uÕska ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh isÿlsÍu iy;sllrK wdh;k fj; mjrkq ,nkjd' fndfyda wjia:dj,§ ms<sfh, lsÍfï l%shdj,sh iy mdßißl l<uKdlrk ie<iqu ilia lsÍu i|yd ksIamdolhd úiska WmfoaYl .dia;= f.úh hq;=hs'

bv m%ia:d iy iSud

ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh l¾udka; fCIa;%h ;=< ckm%sh jQjls' iy;sllrKfhka wruqKq lrkqfha mdßißl id¾:l;ajh uÕska wNHka;r m%;s,dNo w;alrfokq ,eìh yels l<uKdlrk moaO;shla iuÕska mßirhg isÿúh yels n,mEu wju

- 24 -

lsÍuhs ̂ WodyrKhla jYfhka wuqøjH yd n,Yla;s Ndú;h wju lsÍu fyda wmøjH l<ukdlrKh&' ISO 14001 iy;sllrKfha m%Odk iSudldÍ idOlh jkqfha tys imqrd,sh hq;= id¾:l;aj wjYH;d wka;¾.; fkdùuhs' fuhska woyia jkafka b;d by< mdßißl b,lal iys; jHdmdr fukau wvq mdßißl b,lal iys; jHdmdr;a iy;sl lrkq ,eìh yels njhs' tu ksid fuu iy;sllrK jevigyfka n,mEu úYd, jYfhka r|d mj;skqfha tla tla iud.fï lemùu u;hs' ;jo" ISO ,dxPkh ksIamdok i|yd Ndú;d l< fkdyelshs' flfia jqjo fj<| m%pdrKfha§ iy uyck iïnkaO;d jevigyka j,§ Tfí jHdmdrh ISO 14001 iy;sllrKh ,nd we;s nj oelaúh yelshs' fuu iy;sllrKh uÕska ksIamdok i|yd mdßf;daIs; ñ,la ,eìh fkdyelshs' ISO iy;sllrKh ,nd.kakd jHdmdr ixLHdj Èfkka Èk j¾Okh jk ksid th ;jÿrg;a fj<|fmd, jdish ;SrKh lrkakdjQ idOlhla fkdúh yels kuq;a tuÕska wNHka;ßl jYfhka jHdmdrhg jdisodhl ;;a;ajhla we;s lsÍug fya;= fjkjd'

ISO 14001 ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=recd;Hka;r(

international Organization for Studadization (ISO) m%ñ;slrKh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r ixúOdkh (ISO) www.iso.org

wdishdfõ msysá cd;sl iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iy iy;sllrK wdh;k

www.fao.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_35950en.html

3' iudc iy;sllrKh

idOdrK fj<|du

idOdrK fj<|du mokï jkqfha ksIamdolhdg idOdrK m%;s,dNhla ,nd§u u;hs' idOdrK fj<|dug ne£ isák .ekqïlrejka ksIamdolhdg wju ñ,la fukau idOdrK fj<| mdßf;daIs;h f,i ye|skafjk mdßf;daIs;hlao f.úh hq;=hs' ksIamdolhdg wkq.%yh oelaùug fukau m%cd ixj¾Okh i|yd wdfhdackh lsÍug o fuu mdßf;daIs;hg yelshdjla ;sìh hq;=hs' ta wkqj idOdrK fj<|dug ne£ isák ksIamdolhska lïlre whs;sjdislï fukau iudchSh wjYH;d wkqj lghq;= l<hq;=hs' m%ñ;s ks¾Kh lsÍu iy iy;sllrKh cd;Hka;r idOdrK fj<| kdulrK ixúOdkfha (FLO) md,kh hgf;a isÿfjkjd' fuu ixúOdkh f,dj mqrd tkï hqfrdamh" weußldj" wdishdj yd ´Ikshdj mqrd me;sÍ we;s rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 20l tl;=fjka iE¥Kq P;% (Umbrella Organization) ixúOdkhls' cd;Hka;r idOdrK fj<| kdulrK ixúOdkhg (FLO) in|;djhla fkdolajk fjk;a wdh;k uÕskao idOdrK fj<| m%ñ;Ska ks¾Kh lrkq ,nkjd'

- 25 -

úúO wdishdkq ksIamdok lKavdhï idOdrK fj<| ksIamdok wmkhkh lsÍu uÕska m%;s,dN ,nkjd' WodyrKhla f,i ms,smSkh idOdrK fj<| ksIamdok f,i flfi,a iy iSks cmdkhg wmkhkh lrkq ,nk w;r ;dhs,ka;h iy,ao" bkaÿkSishdj fldamso" bkaÈhdj iy Y%s ,xldj jeks,do wmkhkh lrkq ,nkjd'

idOdrK fj<| wruqo, fuu orejkaf.a mqia;ld,h iy Tjqkag l%Svd lsÍfï

ia:dkhla bÈlsÍug wkq.%yh olajd ;sfnkjd'

m%Odk wjYH;d@

fuu iy;sllrKh ,nd.ekSu i|yd ksIamdok ix.ï m%cd;ka;%jd§ f,i l%shd;aul úh hq;=hs' ;jo" idOdrK fj<| mdßf;daIs;h úhoï l< yels" wdldrh iy mdßißl wdrCIK wjYH;d ms<sn|jo kS;sÍ;s mj;skjd'

jeú,s ^j;=& l¾udka;fha§ fiajlhkag ie,lSu" ixúOdk.;ùfï ksoyi iduQyslj flaj,a lsÍfï" ksjdi iy ikSmdrCIdj" lïlrejkaf.a fi!LH yd wdrCIdj jeks lïlre whs;Skag wod, jk wjYH;d rdYshla mj;sk w;r <ud yd wkshï lïlrejkao fhdod.; fkdyelshs' óg wu;rj ksIamdolhska ;u rgg wod, kS;sÍ;s j,g wkql+,j lghq;= l<hq;= w;r jd¾Isl mÍlaId lsÍfï § ̂ ú.Kkfha§& idOdrK fjf<|du ms<sn| wLKav j¾Okhla fmkakqï l, hq;=hs'


iuQmldr ixúOdkhlg" f.dú ixúOdkhlg wh;ajk ksIamdok lKavdhulg fyda ixúOdk.; lïlrejka iys; úYd, iud.ulg FLO idOdrK fj<| iy;sllrKh i|yd b,a¨ï l< yelshs' foaYSh ú.Kl mÍlaIljreka f.dúm, mÍlaId lrkq ,nk w;r iy;sllrK wdh;k uÕska (FLO - Cert Ltd) ksIamdok ix.uh iy;sl lsÍu fyda fkdlsÍu ms<sn|j ;SrKh lrkq ,nkjd'

- 26 -

iy;sl lsÍfuka wk;=rej" ksIamdolhska idOdrK - fj<| iy;sllrK wjYH;d j,g wk=l+,j lghq;= lrkafkao hkak iy idOdrK fj<| mßf;daIs;h Ndú;d lrk wldrh ms<sn|j mÍCId lsÍu i|yd jirlg jrla l%uj;a mÍCIKhla meje;afjkjd' oekg ;u weiqreïj, FLO iy;sllrKh i<l=Kq lrk úl=Kqïlrejka n,m;% .dia;=j f.jkq ,nkjd' mÍCId lsÍug jehjk úhou u; ksIamdolhska úiska .dia;= f.úh hq;= fjkjd'

bv m%ia:d iy iSud

idudkHfhka iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok i|yd by< ia:djr ñ<la ,efnk neúka ksIamdok ix.uhlg fyda jeú,s iud.ulg idOdrK fj<|du uÕska m%;s,dN ,eìh yelshs' ksIamdolhdg f.jkq ,nk ñ< ;SrKh jkafka ksIamdok úhou u;hs' fuys§ fiajlhskag Ôúldjg iß,k jegqmla f.ùu jeks idOdrK fj<| iy;sllrK wjYH;d imqrd,Sug jehjk wu;r úhou ie<ls,a,g .kq ,nkjd' idudkHfhka idOdrK - fj<| mßf;daIs;fhka woyia lrkqfha m%cdjf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh Wiia lsÍu i|yd tu m%cdj iïm;a ,nd §uhs'

idOdrK - fj<|fï uq,sl isudldÍ idOlh jkqfha ksIamdolhska lKavdhulg ;u ksIamdok iy;sl lrjd.; yels jkqfha wka;¾cd;sl idOdrK fj<| ixúOdkhg ^FLO& idOdrK - fj<|du f,i kï lrkq ,enQ tu ksIamdok i|yd fj<|fmd<la fidhd.; yels nj ;yjqre jqjfyd;a muKla ùuhs' idOdrK fj<| l%shdj,shg we;=<;a ùu i|yd wjYH uq,sl mshjr jkafka wka;¾cd;sl idOdrK fj<| ix.ufhka ^FLO& iy wfkl=;a idOdrK fj<| wdkhklrejkaf.ka ;u ksIamdok i|yd we;s fj<|fmd< wjia:d ms<sn| f;dr;=re úuid ne,Suhs' ;j;a ndOdjla jkqfha ksIamdok ix.uhla fyda jeú,s iud.ula iy;sl lrkq ,en we;s úg Tjqkaf.a uq¿ ksIamdokhg ~idOdrK - fj<|du~ hgf;a úlsKSu fyda wf,ú lsÍu ms<sn| ksYaÑ; fmdfrdkaÿjla fkdùuhs'

idOdrK - fj<|du ms<sn| jeämqr f;dr;=re

cd;Hka;r

- FLO wka;¾cd;sl idOdrK fj<| ix.uh" fndka" c¾uksh' www.fairtrade.net úoHq;a ;emE,( [email protected] ÿ'l' +49 228 949 230 - FLO iy;sllrK tallh" fndka" c¾uksh' úoHq;a ;emE,( [email protected] - idOdrK ksIamdok cmdkhg wmkhkh lsÍu i|yd - Transfair japan : www.fairtrade-jp.org/ - Alter Trade Japan : www.altertrade. co.jp/

wdishdfõ msysá cd;sl iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iy iy;sllrK wdh;k

www flo.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_ 35950en.html

- 27 -

SA 8000 iy;sllrKh

SA 8000 hkq jvd hym;a jev lsÍfï ;;ajhla we;s lsÍfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;=j rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla jk wka;¾cd;sl iudc j.lSfï ixúOdkh (Social Accountability International - SAI) uÕska we;slrkq ,en we;s iafõÉPd" mqoa.,sl fiajd ia:dk iy;sllrK jevigykls' SA 8000 m%ñ;sh mokï jkafka iudc idOdrK;ajh" fiajl whs;Ska iy jev lsÍfï ;;ajhkag iïnkaO cd;Hka;r jev lsÍfï O¾u;d u;h' flfi,a" wkakdis" ÿïfld," jhska yd ákal, m<;=re wmkhkh lrk iuyr iud.ï SA 8000 iy;sllrKh ,ndf.k ;sfnkjd' thska 190la bkaÈhdfõo" 140la uyck Ökfha iy 58la mdlsia:dkfhao we;'

m%Odk wjYH;d@

SA 8000 iy;sllrKh uÕsska jevlrk mßirfha wdrCIdj yd fi!LH iy;sl lsÍu" ixúOdk .;ùfï ksoyi" iduQysl flaj,a lsÍu jeks ;;ajhka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd;a fiajd ia:dkfha we;sjk iudchSh .eg¿ ksrdlrKh i|yd jHdmdßl l%ufõohla wkq.ukh lsÍu i|yd;a wjYH wju m%ñ;Ska kS¾Kh fldg ;sfnkjd' tfiau jev lrk meh .Kk" jegqma" fjkiafldg ie,lSu je,elaùu" <ud fyda wkshï lïlrejka fhoùu jeks lreKq iïnkaOfhkao kS;sÍ;s mj;skjd'


ksIamdok lghq;=j, kshe,S isák jHdmdrhlg wka;¾cd;sl iudc j.lSï ixúOdkfha (SAI) wkque;sh ,;a iy;sllrK wdh;khla uÕska SA 8000 iy;sllrKh i|yd b,a¨ï l, yelshs' uQ,sl mÍlaIKfhka miqj iy fiajd ia:dkh iy;sl l< miq tu iud.u wLKavj m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j lghq;= lrk nj iy;sl lsÍu i|yd wëCIKh lrkq ,nkjd' idudkHfhka ksIamdok iud.u úiska ú.Kk .dia;= yd ksjerÈ lsÍfï fyda je<elaùfï mshjr i|yd hk úhouo we;=,;aj iy;sllrK .dia;= f.jkq ,nkjd'

SA 8000 iy;sllrk i,l=K ksIamdok f,an,j, Ndú;d fkdlrk kuq;a iud.ulg th m%pdrK lgqh;= i|yd Ndú;d l, yelshs' SA 8000 iy;sllrKh ,o ksIamdok i|yd úfYaIs; ñ< mdßf;daIs; ysñ fkdfõ'

bv m%ia:d iy iSud

SA 8000 iy;sllrKh cd;Hka;r lïlre kS;sh i|yd jvd iúia;r jQ fiajd ia:dk m%ñ;Ska imhkq ,nkjd' th úYd, lDIs ksIamdok wdY%s; jHdmdrj, taldnoaO uyck iïnkaO;d jevigyka i|yd M,odhS f,i fhdod.; yelsh' SA 8000 m%ñ;Ska ;;ajh yd M,odhs;djh by< kexúug fukau fiajlhka n|jd .ekSug yd r|jd ;nd.ekSug o WmldÍ fjkjd' fuu m%ñ;Ska wfkl=;a l¾udka; fCIa;% j,

- 28 -

jvd ckm%sh jqj;a ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,shla i|yd fhdod .ekSu wmyiq neúka lDIs ksIamdok wdY%s; jHdmdr i|yd Ndú;hg fhduq ù we;af;a ukao.dójh'

SA 8000 ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re(wka;¾cd;sl(cd;Hka;r iudc j.lSfï ixúOdkhÿ'l' +1212 6841414úoHq;a ;eme,( [email protected]í wvúh( www.sa-intl.org

SA 8000 iy;slh ,o ixúOdk ,ehsia;=j i|ydwww.sa-intl.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=document.showdocumentbyID&nodeID=1&DocumentID =60

wdrCIs; yd fi!LHdrCIs; fiajd mßirh

wdishdfõ msysá iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iy iy;sllrK wdh;k

www.fro.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_35950en.html

- 29 -

4' wdydr wdrCIKh iy hym;a ms<sfj;a iy;sllrKh

wdydr wdrCIK iy;sllrKh i|yd j¾Okh jk b,a¨u

hqfrdamd iqmsß fj<|ie,a odufha iemhqïlrejkaf.ka GLOBALGAP, BRC iy IFS jeks wdydr wdrCIK m%ñ;Ska i|yd iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok j,g Èfkka Èk by, hk b,a¨ula mj;skjd' fuu fj<|ie,aoduh hqfrdamd rgj, kejqï ksIamdokj, is,a,r fj<|dfuka ishhg 60lg jvd jeä m%udKhlg j.lshkq ,nkjd' óg wu;rj is,a,r fj<|dfï fhfok iEu iud.ulau ;u ksIamdok Bg iudk ;rÕldÍ ksIamdok j,ska fjkafldg úfYaIKh lr oelaùu i|yd oeä .=Kd;aul wjYH;d mjd b,a,d isáh yelshs'

tfiau wdishdkq fj<|fmdf,a foaYSh iqmsß fj<|ie,aodufhka fyda foaYSh lDIs ksIamdok ieliqï jHdmdr j,ska we;eï wju wdydr iy;sllrK wjYH;d b,a,d isáh yels w;r" fuu .kqfokqlrejka ksIamdolhskaf.a ksIamdok ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd wu;r .=Kd;aul wjYH;do b,a,d isáh yelshs' f.dùkag iy ksIamdolhskag wdishdkq fj<|fmdf,a§ fukau cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf,a§o wdydr wdrCIK m%ñ;Ska i|yd iy;sl lrkq ,eîfï wjYH;djh by< hd yelshs'

fuu mßÉfþofhka úúO iafõÉPd wdydr wdrCIK m%ñ;Ska iy hym;a ksIamdok ms<sfj;a ms<sn|j úia;r lrkq ,nkjd' th wdrïN jkafka hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) j,sks' fuu m%ñ;Ska wod, jkafka lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha fhojqïj, isg f.dúm, fodrgqj olajd ish¨ lghq;= wdjrKh lrkq ,nk f.dùkaghs' th hqfrdamfha fndfyda iqmsß fj<|ie,aodu i|yd wjYH lrkq ,nk GLOBAL GAP iajdëk m%ñ;sh iy oekg wdishdfõ l%shd;aul jk cd;sl iy m%dfoaYSh GAP m%ñ;Skao bÈßm;a lrkq ,nkjd' ;jo" fuu mßÉfþofhka hym;a ksIamdok ms<sfj,a úia;r jkjd' fuu m%ñ;Ska m%Odk jYfhka Ndú;d lrkqfha wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd lDIs ksIamdok ilia lrkq ,nk iud.ï i|ydhs'

4'1 hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP)

4'1'1 GAP ye¢kaùu

hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) hkq l=ulao@

hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a hkq f.dúm, l%shdj,sfha§ mdßißl" wd¾Ól iy iudchSh ;sridr;ajh flfrys fhduq jQ tys m%;sM,hla f,i .=Kd;aul wdydr ;ukag wdydruh fkdjk lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok ,nd.ekSu i|yd jQ ms<sfj;ah' (FAO 2003)

- 30 -

GAP kS;s ix.%yh"

m%ñ;Ska iy fr.=,dis

hkq fudkjdo@

hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) kS;s ix.%yh m%ñ;Ska iy fr.=,dis hkq mq¿,a mrdihl jQ ksIamdok i|yd f.dúm, uÜgfï lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a ix.%yhla iïmdokh lsÍfï wruqKska wdydr l¾udka; fCIa;%h" ksIamdok ix.ï" rchka iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk uÕsska uE;l § msysgjkq ,enQ ud¾f.damfoaYhkah'

GLOBALGAP mÍlaIljrfhla hqfrdamhg heùu

i|yd jQ ksIamdok mÍlaId lr ne,Su

GAP kS;s ix.%yh" m%ñ;Ska iy fr.=,dis mj;skafka l=ula i|yd|@

fuu GAP kS;s ix.%yh" jevigyka fyda m%ñ;Ska mj;skafka f,dj mqrd wdydr wdrCIKh iy .=Kd;auh ms<sn| jeäjk ie,ls<su;aNdjh ksihs' tys wNsu;d¾: wdydr wdrCIKh yd .=Kd;auh ms<sn| fj<| yd rcfha fr.=,dis wjYH;d bgq lsÍfï isg úfYaIs; fj<|fmd,la i|yd jQ úfYaISlrKh olajd fjkia fjkjd' tys wruqKq wdydr ksIamdok odufha§ .=Kd;auh yd wdrCIdj iy;sl lsÍfï isg iemhqïodufha md,kh kùlrKh lsÍu uÕska kj fj<|fmd, jdis ,nd .ekSu" iajdNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h fukau fiajl wdrCIdj iy jev lsÍfï mßirh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfuka wmkhkh lrk rgj, f.dùka iy wmkhklrejkag kj fj<|fmd, wjia:djka we;s lsÍu olajd jQ mrdihl úys§ mj;skjd'

m%Odk jdis iy wNsfhda. fudkjdo@

GAP kS;sÍ;s" m%ñ;sSka fr.=,dis uÕska wdydr wdrlaIKh iy .=Kd;aul Ndjh jeäÈhqKq ùu" fj<|fmd, m%fõYh myiq lsÍu fukau wkqu; m,sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h" m,sfndaO kdYl wjfYaI iy wfkl=;a ¥IKldrlhkaf.a Ndú;h ksid we;súh yels wjodkï wju lsÍu jeks m%;s,dN /ila ysñ fõ' GAP l%shdjg kexùug n,md we;s m%Odk wNsfhda. f,i ksIamdok úhoï by< hEu" úfYaIfhka jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu" wjfYaI mÍlaId lsÍu iy iy;sl lsÍu iy f;dr;=re iy Wmldrl fiajd ,nd .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a myiqlï fkdue;sùu hkq lreKq we;=,;a fjkjd'

t<j¿ fia§ug Tn fhdod .kafka l=uk wdldrfha c,ho@

wms mdúÉÑ lrkafka îug .kakd c,h

- 31 -

GAP ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

FAO GAP:www.fao.org./prods/GAP/index_en.htm

4'1'2 m%dfoAYSh iy cd;sl uÜgfï GAPs ^hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a&

4'1'2'1 GLOBAL GAP/ .af,dan,a .ema

úYaùh hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a

hqf¾ma .ema ̂ eurepgap& ixúOdk kduh j¾I 2007 iema;eïn¾ 07 jkod .af,dn,a .ema ^GLOBALGAP& f,i fjkia lrkq ,enqfõ tys j¾Okh f,dalhgu wod, ùfï m%jK;djh úoyd oelaùu i|ydhs' th uq,skau ks¾udKh lrkq ,enqfõ iqmsß hqfrdamSh fj<| oduhla uÕskqhs' GLOBALGAP u.ska wfmaCId lrkqfha ksIamdolhska úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;= hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a ÈhqKq lsÍu u.ska wdydr wdrCIKh ms<sn|j mdßfNda.sl úYajdih by< kexùuhs'

GLOBALGAP u.ska wdydr wdrCIdj iy wkqf¾Lk ^wdmiaig fidhd ne,Sfñ& yelshdj ms<sn|j wruqKq lrk kuq;a tys fiajl wdrCIdj" fi!LH yd iqnidOkh fukau mdßißl ixrCIKh ms<sn| iuyr wjia:do we;=,;a fjkjd' thska woyia jkafka îchla isgqùug fmr wjia:dfõ isg f.dúfmdf,ka t<shg meñfKk ;=re isÿjk ish¨u l%shdj,shka fuu iy;slh u.ska wdjrKh jk njhs' GLOBALGAP hkq yqfola fm!oa.,sl m%ñ;shla jk nj u;l ;nd.; hq;=hs'

GLOBALGAP uÕska fï olajd t<j¿ yd m<;=re" lïnhska ydfjiagrfhka wiajkq fk,k fnda. ^OdkH" f;,a fnda." udxY fnda. jeks& u,a iy úis;=re me<" f;a" W!re" l=l=¿" .j" neg¿" lsßmÜá iy c,c j.dj i|yd lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a msysgqjd ;sfnkjd' wfkl=;a ksIamdok i|ydo lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a ielfiñka mj;S' ^Tjqkaf.a fjí wvúh n,kak&

m%Odk wjYH;d @

GLOBALGAP m%ñ;Ska i|yd ksIamdolhska úiska iïmQ¾K md,k iy fufyhqï moaO;shla msysgqùu wjYH lrkq ,nkjd' ksIamdok f,aLK.; lr we;s úg tajd j.d lrkq ,enQ ksYaÑ; f.dúm< tallh fidhd.; yelshs' mdxY= OQulrKh" fmdfydr Ndú;h jeks fCIa;% lghq;= ms<sn| GLOBALGAP kS;s idfmaCIj kuHYS,shs' m<sfndaOkdYl .nvd lsÍu iy m<sfndaOkdYl wjfYaI iSud ms,sn|j oeä fr.=,dis mj;skjd' óg wu;rj" ksIamdokh isÿl< wdldrh ms<sn|j jd¾;d lsÍu yd NdKav ksIamdokh l< wdldrh meyeÈ,sj oelaúh hq;= ksid f.dúm, l%shdldrlï ms<sn| iúia;r jd¾;d ;nd .;hq;=hs'

- 32 -


GLOBALGAP ixúOdkh uÕskau iy;sl ksl=;a fkdlrk kuq;a tu ld¾hh isÿlsÍug ,shdmosxÑ iy;sllrK iud.ï i|yd n,h mjrd ;sfnkjd' m<uqfjkau iy;sllrKh isÿlrk iud.ula iuÕ iïnkaOùug fmr fmdÿ GLOBALGAP fr.=,dis iy wod, ksIamdokfha md,k ia:dk ms<sn|j lshjd ne,Sug ks¾foaY lrkq ,nkjd' GLOBALGAP iy;sllrKh ,nd.ekSug wjYH f.dùkag ksYaÑ; úhoula oeÍug isÿjk nj ie<lsh hq;=hs' idudkHfhka Tjqkag ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu" mÍlaId lsÍu iy iy;sllrKh jeks lghq;= i|yd f.ùï lsÍug isÿfjkjd'

;ks ksIamdolhskag fukau ksIamdok lKavdhulgo iy;sllrKh i|yd b,a¨ïl,yels w;r f;dard.;a iy;sllrK wdh;kh iy mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd .;jk ld,h u; úhou r|d mj;skjd' iy;sllrK wdh;kh uÕska whlrkq ,nk iy;sllrK .dia;=jg wu;rj iy;sllrK lghq;= kv;a;=j i|yd ksIamdolhska úiska jd¾Isl ksIamdolhska ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï .dia;=jo f.úh hq;=hs'

m%Odk bvm%ia:d iy isud

GLOBALGAP iy;slrKh ,nd .ekSu i|yd ksIamdolhd fyda ksIamdok lKavdhula iïmq¾K mßmd,k l%uhla uÕska ish¨ f.dúm< lghq;= kshñ; wdldrfhka mj;ajd.; hq;=hs'

fï i|yd m%udKj;a mßmd,kuh iy uq,Huh Odß;djhla wjYH lrk w;r tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka uydmßudK ksIamdolhskag iy;sllrKh ,nd.ekSu myiq úh yelsh'

GLOBALGAP iy;sllrKh wjYH lrkq ,nk is,a,r fj<ªkag ksIamdok úlsKSfï §" GLOBALGAP iy;sllrKh ,o ksIamdolhkag jdis iy.; úh yelshs' 2007 iema;eïn¾ ui jk úg GLOBALGAP is,a,rg úlsKSfï iy wdydr fiajdjka imhk idudðlhka 35 fofkl= úh ^34la hqfrdamfha iy 1la cmdkh&'

GLOBALGAP jHdmdr w;r in|;d u; mokï jQ wju m%ñ;shla jk w;r" th ,nd.ekSu uÕska ñf,ys úfYaI jdishla we;s fkdúh yelsh'

- 33 -

GLOBALGAP ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re(

wka;¾cd;sl

md¾Yjlrejka iïnkaëlrKhGLOBALG.A.P. c/o Food PLUS GmbHwww.globalgap.orgúoHq;a ;emE,( info@ foodplus.org ÿ'l' +49 221 579 9325GLOBALG.A.P. iïnkaëlrK ks,OdÍ" uyck Ök iuqydKavqj(jHdmD;s ks<OdÍ" Ökhÿ'l' +86 133 21132113 8571

GLOBALGAP uÕska n,h ,;a wdishdkq rgj, msysáiy;sllrK iud.ï

www.globalgap.org/fruit/cbs.html?countryid=211211@congnetid=16

4'1'2'2' wdishdka GAP (ASEAN GAP)

ASEANGAP ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa w.aksÈ. wdishd;sl cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha ^ASEAN& uyf,alï ld¾hd,h ^idudðl rgj, ksfhdað;hka uÕska& jk w;r 2006 jif¾§ Èh;a lrkq ,enqfha w.aksÈ. wdishdkq rgj, kejqï t<j¿" m<;=re" ksIamdokfha§" wiajkq fk<sfï§" miq wiajkq yeisrùfï§ hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms,sfj;a i|yd jQ m%ñ;Ska f,ihs' ASEANGAP ys n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkqfha w.aksÈ. wdishdkq l<dmh ;=< hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a i|yd jQ cd;sl jevigyka ys tluq;=lu j¾Okh lsÍu" mdßfNda.slhka fjkqfjka t<j¿ iy m<;=re wdrlaIKh by< kexùu" iajdNdúl iïm;a j, ;sridr;ajh iy t<j¿ iy m<;=re fj<|dug m%dfoaYShj yd wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka myiqlï iemhSuhs'

m%Odk wjYH;d fudkjdo@

ASEANGAP fudähq, 04lska iukaú; jk w;r tuÕska

● wdydr wdrlaIKh

● mßir l<uKdlrkh

● fiajl fi!LH" wdrlaIdj" iqnidOkh iy

● ksIamdok .=Kd;auh ms<sn| wdjrKh fjkjd

iEu fudähq,hlau ;ksj fyda wfkla fudähq, iuÕ Ndú;d l< yelshs'

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iy;sllrKh tla tla wdishdka (ASEAN) rgj, msysá cd;sl wêldÍka uÕska isÿlrkq ,nkjd'

m%Odk bvm%ia:d iy .eg¿

ASEANGAP uÕska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ksIamdok m%ñ;Ska iy fj<|du i|yd myiqlï iemhSu jk neúka" wfkl=;a w.aksÈ. wdishkq rgj,g iy;sl l< ksIamdok ksmojkq ,nk ksIamdolhskag Tjqkaf.a kejqï t<j¿" m<;=re wmkhkh by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd fndfyda bv m%ia:djka mj;skjd' ASEANGAP ys l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH ud¾f.damfoaY yd mqyqKq lsÍfï f;dr;=re fukau ks¾foaYs; ms<sfj;a i|yd ks;S ix.%yhla we;=<;ajk neúka jvd ixj¾Okh fkdjQ w.aksÈ. wdishdkq rgj, hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAPS) ks¾udKh lsÍfï § ñKqï i<l=Kla f,i ASEANGAP Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdjla mj;skjd' idudðl rgj, hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a i|yd ASEANGAP yd ii|d n,ñka tys tlÕ;ajhla we;slr .ekSu i|yd ñKqï i<l=Kq fhÈh yelshs'

ASEANGAP ys m%Odk .eg¿j jkqfha tuÕska kejqï t<j¿ yd m<;=re muKla wdjrKh lsÍuhs' wdydr wdrlaIKh iïnkaOfhka jeä wjodkula iys; kejqï fldgia ms<sn|jo wdjrKh jkafka keye' m%dfoaYSh iy wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka ;ju;a fuu m%ñ;Ska kj m%ñ;Ska f,i mj;S' ASEANGAP ldnksl ksIamdok fyda cdk ;dlaIKfhka f;dr jQ ksIamdok iy;sl lsÍu i|yd jq m%ñ;Ska fkdfõ'

jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

ASEANGAP : www.aphnet.org.gap/ASEAWgap.html

4'1'2'3' uef,aishdkq SALM iy;sllrKh

uef,aishdj" m%d:ñl ksIamdolhska i|yd kejqï m<;=re iy t<j¿ fCIa;% iy;sllrKh (SALM) mY= iïm;a iy;sllrKh (SALT) ëjr iy c,c j.d iy;sllrKh iy ldnksl iy;sllrKh (SOM) wd§ iafõÉPd f.dúfmd, iy;sllrK fhdackd l%u .Kkdjla we;=<;aj ;;aj iy;sllrK jevigyka .Kkdjla ks¾udKh lr ;sfnkjd' uef,aishdj ;=< hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) m%ñ;Ska l%shd;aul lsÍu wdrïN jQfha trg lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska jir 2002 § uef,aishdkq f.dúm, ms<s.kq ,eîfï jHdmD;sh (SALM) wdrïN ùu;a iuÕhs' SALM hkq ;sridr yd mßir ys;ldó f,i l%shd;aul jk" mßfNdackhg iqÿiq .=Kd;aufhka by< ksIamdok ,ndfok hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a GAP wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk f.dúm, trg lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska ms<s.kq ,eîu i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o jevigykls' SALM jevigyk hgf;a m%Odk wxY 3la we.hSug ,lalrkq ,nkjd' tkï"

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● f.dúm,j, mdßißl jgmsgdj

● f.dúm, l%shdldrlï iy;sl lsÍu

● f.dúm, ksIamdok j, wdrCIs; nj


fuu wxY ;=k hgf;a 17 wdldrhl jd¾:d mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= lreKq 21 la we.hSug ,la lrkq ,nkjd' SALM iy;sl lrkq ,enQ f.dúm,j,ska bvï Ndú;h" mdxY= OQulrKh yd fmdfydr fh§u we;=,;a jQ ìï ieliSu" wiajkq fk,Sfï Wml%u" fCIa;% m%jdykh" m%;sldr lsÍu yd weiqreïlrKh iy f.dúm, wmøjH neyerlsÍu jeks f;dr;=re ,nd fokjd'


f.dùka m<uqfjkau lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ,shdmosxÑ úhhq;= w;r" mÍlaIl uKav,hla uÕska isÿlrkq ,nk f.dúfmd, pdßldjlg hg;a jkjd' Tjqkaf.a jd¾;dj f,alï ld¾hd,h uÕska wkqu; lrkq ,eîug hg;a fjkjd' fojk f.dúfmd, pdßldfõ m%;sM,hla f,i f.dúm, ms<s.kq ,eîfï lñgqj i|yd ;dCIKsl jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lrkq ,nkjd' tys ms<s.kq ,eîu u; f.dúm, i|yd hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lsÍu ms<sn| GAP iy;slhla imhkq ,nk w;r SALM ,dxPkh Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd wkque;sh ,efnkjd' bka miqj f.dúm, lghq;= mÍlaId lsÍug hg;ajk w;r" f.dúfmd, ksIamdok j, iy c,fha wmøjH úYaf,aIKh lsÍuo isÿjkjd'

m%Odk bv m%ia:d iy iSud

.eKqïlrejka jeä leue;a;la olajk iemhqïlrejka f,i iqÿiqlï ,eîu iy ksIamdok úfYaISlrKhla msßkuk neúka (SALM) ,shdmÈxÑh ,o f.dúm, foaYSh fj<|fmdf,a uq,a ;ekla .kakd nj jd¾;d fjkjd' flfia fj;;a" iy;sl lrkq ,enQ f.dúm, ksIamdok i|yd ñ, mdßf;daIs;hla ysñ jkafka keye' f*vr,a lDIsld¾ñl fj<| wêldßh (FAMA) uÕska md,kh lrkq ,nk fj<| kdulrK l%shdj,sh jk ~fyd|u uef,aishdkq~ ,dxPkh ,eîu i|yd SALM ,shdmÈxÑh ,o f.dúfmd, iqÿiqlï ,nkjd' wmkhkh yuqfõ isx.mamQrej iuÕ oaúmd¾Yaúl tlÕ;djhla yryd wkq.%ymQ¾jl leue;a;la ,efnkjd'

flfia jqj;a" fuu jHdmD;sfha l<uKdlrkh" ú.Kkh iy iy;sl lsÍu" lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska isÿlrk neúka úksúoNdjh wvq njla oelsh yelshs' 2007 iema;eïn¾ ui wdrïN l, GLOBALGAP i|yd jQ ñKqï i,l=Kq lsÍu ;;ajh fjkia l< yels jqj;a SALM fhdackd l%uhg wfkl=;a rgj, fyda fm!oa.,sl m%ñ;Skag iu;djfhka hq;= ms<s.ekSula ,eî keye'

- 36 -

uef,aishdkq SALM ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

- lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j" uef,aishdj

www.doa.gov.my/main.php

- SALAM jevms<sfj," uef,aishdj(

www.doa.my/main/.php?content=contentdetails content ID=12 curLocation=8page=1

4'1'2'4' ;dhs,ka;h Q.GAP iy ;dhs GAP iy;sllrKh

.Dyia: iy wmkhk fj<|fmd, hk foflysu .=Kd;aul yd wdrCIl wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd ;dhs,ka; rch ;;ajh yd wdrCIdj ms<sn| “Q” iy;sllrK jevigykays ÈhqKqj Wfoid ie,lsh hq;= mshjr f.k ;sfnkjd' Q jev ms<sfj, ks¾udKh lr we;af;a wdydr ksIamdok wdrCIKfha iEu mshjrlau ish¨ lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok ^fnda." mY= iïm;a iy ëjr& i|yd Ndú;d lrk “Q” ,dxPkh iuÕ iy;sl lsÍughs' lDIslu_ fom¾;fïka;=j “Q” hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms,sfj;a (Q GAP), Q weiqreï .Dy" Q jevfmd, jeks iy;sl ksl=;a lrkq ,nkjd' fuu jev ms<sfj,g wod, l<uKdlrk ls%hdj,sfha wxY lsysmhla we;=<;a fõ' f.dúfmd, ksIamdok j,g wod, hym;a lDIs ms<sfj;a ks¾udKh lr we;af;a ta ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl m%ñ;Ska ie,ls,a,g .ksñks' iy;sl lsÍu wjYH ;ekl§ isÿlrhs' m<uq uÜgu jkafka m<sfndaO kdYl wmøjH j,ska wdrCId lsÍu jk w;r" fojk uÜgfï§ m<sfndaOkdYl wjfYaI iy m<sfndaOlhka rys;ùu o ;=kajk uÜgu hgf;a m<sfndaOkdYl wmøjH j,ska wdrCIdj" m<sfndaOlhska rys;ùu iy by< .=Kd;aul Ndjh /lSSu we;=<;a fõ'


m%ñ;sh md,kh lsÍfï ia:dk$wjia:d 8la kshu lrkq ,nkjd' tkï c, m%Njh" j.d fCIa;%h" wmøj iys; lDIs øjH Ndú;h" ksIamdok .nvd lsÍu yd fCIa;%h ;=< m%jdykh" o;a; jd¾:d" frda. yd m<sfndaO j,ska f;dr ksIamdok ksmoùu" .=Kd;aul lDIs ksIamdok l<uKdlrkh" wiajkq fk,Su iy miq wiajkq yeisrùuhs' fuhska m<uq md,kh lsÍfï ia:dk$wjia:d 05 m<uq uÜgu i|yd wjYH jk w;r" 1 isg 6 olajd 2jk uÜgug;a ish¨ wjia:d 8 u ;=kajk uÜgfï iy;sllrKhg;a wod, fjkjd'


fuh iafõÉPd jHdmD;shla jk w;r md,kh lrkq ,nkafka rch uÕsks' fuhska cd;sl lDIs øjH yd wdydr m%ñ;s ld¾hdxYh (ACFS) n,h mjrkq ,enQ wdh;kh

- 37 -

jk w;r lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska iy;sllrKh yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï lghq;= isÿlrkq ,nkjd' f.dùka Tjqkaf.a b,a¨ïm;% yd wod, ,shlshú,s" mÍCId lsÍfï lghq;= isÿlrkq ,nk foaYSh lDIslu_ m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok ld¾hd,h (ORDA) fj; ndrfokq ,nkjd' mÍlaId lsÍfï m%;sM, f.dùka fj; oekqïfokq ,nk w;r wjYH ksjerÈ lsÍï isÿlrkafka flfiao hkak ms,sn| úia;r ,nd§u i|yd Èk .Kkdjl ld,hla ,ndfokjd' hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) b,a¨ïm;%h lDIslu_ m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok ld¾hd, (ORDA) uKav,hg ndrfokq ,nk w;r tu.ska th úu¾Ykh lr GAP iy;sllrKh i|yd GAP Wmlñgqj fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,nkjd' tu.ska th iy;sl lr tu f;dr;=re GAP iy;slh ksl=;a lrkq ,nk wdydr wdrCIK l<ukdlrK lñgqj fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,nkjd'

m%Odk bvm%ia;d iy iSud

oekg Q iy;sllrKh ish¨ .dia;= j,ska ksoyia lr ;sfnkjd' jHdmD;sfha ú.Kkh lsÍu fukau iy;sl lsÍu;a isÿlrkq ,nkafka lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕsks' fuu l%shdj,sh iy iy;sllrKh i|yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka ñkqï i<l=Kq ks¾udKh lr ke;' cd;Hka;r jYfhka ñKqï i<l=Kq lrkq ,eìh yels m%ñ;Ska ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd ;dhs jdKsc uKav,h" ;dhs rcfha iyfhda.s;ajfhka ;dhs hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a ^;dhs GAP& ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd lghq;= wdrïN lr we;' fuu w;afmd; uqøKh lrk wjia:dj jk úg ;dhs md¾Yaplrejka iy GLOBAL GAP w;r ;dhs GAP ms,sn| iyfhda.S;djh wdrïNl wjêfha mej;=Ks' jir 2008 wjika jk úg ;dhs GAP, GLOBALGAP iuÕ ñKqï i<l=Kq ,nd .ekSu i|yd ie<iqï lr ;snqKs'

Q GAP iy Thai GAP ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

- lDIslu_ fomd¾;fïka;j iy ;dhs,ka; iyfhda.s;djhka

www.acfs.go.th www.doa.go.th/en/

- iy;sllrKh i|yd jQ mÍlaIK w;afmd;

www.aphnet.org/workshop/sps%20matters/Thailand/ thai%20gap.pdf thai%20gap.pdf

- ;dhs jdKsc uKav,h" nexfldla

www.thariechamber.com ÿ'l' +66 2622 1860

- 38 -

4'1'2 cmdkh - cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (J GAP) iy;sllrKh

jir 2006 wfm%a,a ui cmdk ksIamdolhska lKavdhula úiska cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl werUqu (J GAI) ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa cmdkh ;=< hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a i|yd tla fmdÿ m%ñ;shla ia:dms; lsÍu uÕska lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok j, wdrCIdj ;yjqre lrk l%shd ms<sfj;la ks¾udKh lsÍu i|ydh' j¾I 2006 cQks ui§ cmdk lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (J GAP) trg cd;sl m%ñ;Ska njg m;ajk nj ksfõokh l< w;r thska woyia jQfha fkdfhla fm!oa.,sl iy wud;HdxY hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a ^GAP) tlu jHqyhla hg;g m;ajk njh' rg ;=< is,a,r fj<÷ka uÕska yd wdka;¾cd;sl jYfhka jHdmD;sfha ms<s.ekSu Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (J GAP) GLOBAL lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a j,g idfmaCIj ñKqï i<l=Kq lsÍug ^iei£u i|yd ks¾Kdhl ilia lsÍug& ;SrKh úh' 2007 jif¾ wf.daia;= ui§ GLOBAL hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a j,g idfmaCIj ñKqï i<l=Kq lsÍug ^iei£u i|yd ks¾Kdhl ilia lsÍug& ;SrKh úh'


cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (J GAP) mßÉfþo 4lg fnod ;sfnkjd'

● fmdfydr" îc" ksIamdok yeisrùu jeks ;SrKd;aul md,k wjia:d we;=<;aj wdydr wdrCIKh

● c,h" mi" n, Yla;sh" wi,ajdiS fCIa;% we;=<;aj mdßißl i,ld ne,Su

● wju jegqma iy mqyqKqj we;=<;aj fiajl wdrCIdj yd iqNidOkh

● jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu" wkqf¾Lkh ^wjYH úg kej; fidhd ne,Sfï yelshdj& we;=,;aj úl=Kqï l<ukdlrKh


cmdk hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (J GAP) md,kh lrkq ,nkafka J GAP m%;sm;a;s i|yd uÕfmkaùfï wjika n,h iys; md,k lñgqjla uÕsks' th m%ñ;Ska iy fmdÿ fr.=,dis ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk ;dCIKsl lñgqjla iy iemhqïlrejka iy is,a,r fj<ÿka ksfhdackh lrk mq¿,a mrdihl md¾Yajlrejka lKavdhulska hq;= uKav,hlska iukaú; fjkjd' iqÿiqlï ,enQ fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ú.Kklrejka uÕska tkï ;=kajk md¾Yjhla uÕska iy;sllrKh isÿlrkq ,nkjd'

- 39 -

m%Odk bv m%ia;d iy iSud

j.d mßudKh iïnkaOfhka" mdßißl yd kS;suh jYfhka iy wdh;k yd NdIduh jYfhka cmdk lDIslu_fha úfYaIs; ,CIK fmkakqï lrk neúka J GAP cmdk f.dùkag úúO bv m%ia:d imhkq ,nkjd' J GAP jevms<sfjf,a wNsfhda. jkqfha iq¿ mßudK f.dùka w;r wvq úhoulska l%shd;aul lsÍu" f.dùka ixúOdkh lsÍu yd ish¨ ;ks is,a,r fj<÷ka tluq;= lsÍuhs' J GAP, GLOBAL GAP iuÕ iei£u i|yd jQ ks¾Kdhl ilia fldg ;sfnkjd' tfy;a fuu iei£u oekg wod, jkafka ;SrKd;aul md,k ,CI (Critical Control Check Points) j,g muKs'

J GAP ms<sn| jeäÿr úia;r i|yd

J GAP: www.jgai.jp/

4'1'2'6' uyck Ök iuQydKavqj - yß; wdydr iy Ök GAP iy;sllrKh

Ök rch trg wdydroduh i|yd rdcH lDIs ksIamdok iy wdydr iy;sllrKh l%shd ms,sfj,la ia:dms; lr we;s w;r" lDIslu_h i|yd iy;sllrKh y÷kajd§u msKsi hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (GAP) jevigyka 2la ks¾udKh lr ;sfnkjd' fuu jevigyka foflka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka lDIslu_hg Wkkaÿ lrùu" wdydr wdrCIKh yd ne÷Kq wjodku wvq lsÍu" lDIs ksIamdok iemhqïodufha úúO wxY iudfhdackh lsÍu" cd;Hka;r hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a j,g wod, m%ñ;Ska iy wod, iy;sllrK yd ms<s.ekSfï lghq;= i|yd fm<Uùu;ah' Ök cd;sl fj<|fmd, i|yd hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh uÕska yß; wdydr m%ñ;Ska ks¾udKh lr we;s w;r Ök rch iy GLOBAL GAP iyfhda.s;djfhka Ök GAP ks¾udKh lrñka mj;S' Ök GAP ii|d ne,Su i|yd Ök rch j¾I 2006 wfm%a,a ui§ Global GAP iuÕ wjfndaO;d .súiqula w;aika lrkq ,eìKs'


Ök GAP uÜgï foll l%ufõohls' fojk mka;sfha iy;sllrKhla i|yd f.dúfhl=g wjYH jkqfha GLOBAL GAP l%shdj,sh mokï fldg .ksñka ~m%Odk wjYH;d~ wkq.ukh lsÍu muKla jk w;r m<uq uÜgfï iy;sllrKhla i|yd ish¨ m%Odk iy m%Odk fkdjk m%ñ;Skag wkqj lghq;= l< hq;=h' m<uq mka;sfha hym;a Ök GAP iy;sllrKh i|yd GLOBAL GAP iy;sllrKhg wkql+,j lghq;= lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾'

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iy;sllrKh iy ms<s.ekSu ms<sn| Ök fr.=,dis m%ldYhg m;alrk ,oafoa 2003 jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ ui jk w;r" iy;sllrK l%shdj,sh iy mÍCIljreka mqyqKq lsÍu" mÍlaId lsÍfï uKav, yd ú.Kljreka mßmd,kh iy n,h mejÍu md,kh lsÍu i|yd iy;sllrK iy ms<s.ekSfï uKav,hg (CNCA) rdcH iNdj uÕska n,h ,nd§ we;' CNCA uÕska Ök GAP ix.%yh" kS;s Í;s yd mqyqKq lsÍfï ,shlshú,s m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s w;r 2007 ud¾;= jk úg uyck Ökfha m<d;a 18l iy;sllrKh iy ms<s.ekSfï kshuq l%shdldrlï wdrïN lr ;snqKs'

m%Odk bvm%iaa:d iy iSud

Ök GAP trg f.dùkag ;u lDIs ksIamdok j, .=Kd;auh iy wdrCIKh jeä ÈhqKq lre.ekSu i|yd bv m%ia:d imhhs' m<uq mka;sfha iy;sllrKh i|yd b;d by< wjYH;d imqrd,sh hq;= neúka iy;sl lrjd .ekSug iu;a jkqfha iSñ; f.dùka ixLHdjls' fuu w;afmd; uqøKh lrk wjia:dj jk úg jHdmdr 217la Ök hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (China GAP) wkqj l%shd;aul jk w;r thska 116la oekgu;a China GAP i|yd iy;sl lr ;snqKs' GLOBAL GAP iuÕ ii|d ne,Su i|yd ks¾Kdhl ilia lsÍu kqÿre wkd.;fha§ l%shd;aul lsÍug kshñ;j ;snqKs' fldams j.djla i|yd mdßißl" iudc iy

wdydr wdrCIK iy;sllrKh wjYH úh yelsh'

yß; wdydr yd China GAP ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

yß; wdydr jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï uOHia:dkh" lDIslu_ wud;HdxYh"www.greenfood.org.cn

iy;sllrK iy ms<s.ekSfï uKav,h (CNCA):www.cnca.gov.cn

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4'1'2'7' bkaÈhdj bkaÈhdkq hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a India GAP

fuu w;afmd; uqøKh lrk wjia:dj jk úg bkaÈhdkq lDIsld¾ñl yd ieliQ wdydr wmkhk ixj¾Ok wêldßh bkaÈhdkq hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a India GAP m%ñ;sh ks¾udKh lsÍu wdrïN lr ;snqKs' fuu m%ñ;sfhys tla wruqKla jkqfha bkaÈhdkq GAP iei£u i|yd ks¾Kdhl ,nd .ekSfuka bkaÈhdkq ksIamdok i|yd hqfrdamSh fj<|fmd, újr lr .ekSuhs'

bkaÈhdkq hym;a lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a (Indian GAP) ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

lDIsld¾ñl iy ieliQ wdydr ksIamdok ixj¾Ok wêldßh" kjÈ,a,shúoHq;a ;emE, [email protected]ÿ'l' +91 11 2651 3204

4'2' hym;a ksIamdok ms<sfj;a iy;sllrKh

4'2'1' cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;s (IFS) iy;sllrKh

jir 2002 § c¾udkq is,a,r fj<÷ka msßila úiska wdydr wdrCIK l<ukdlrK moaO;s i|yd cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;Ska (IFS) kñka fmdÿ m%ñ;shla ks¾udKh lrkq ,eîh' jir 2003 § m%xY wdydr is,a,r fj<÷ka ^yd f;d. fj<÷ka& mssßila IFS l%shdldÍ lKavdhu iuÕ tlaj j¾;udk kshuhka bÈßm;a lrkq ,enqjd' IFS m%ñ;Ska wdydr wdrlaIKh iy ;;a;aj ms<sn| fmdÿ njla we;slr .ekSu i|yd ks¾udKh flreKls' tuÕska fjf<| i,l=Kq iys; NdKav wf,úlrK is,a,r fjf<kaoka wdjrKh fõ' fuu m%ñ;sh lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokhg miqj isÿjk wdydr ieliqï l%shdj,s i|yd fhdod .; yelsh'


cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;s jevigyk (IFS) uÜgï foll iy;sl wkqu; lrkq ,nkjd'

● cd;Hka;r wdydr l¾udka;h i|yd wju wjYH;djh f,i i,lkq ,nk ~mokï uÜgu~

● wdydr l¾udka;fha iqmsß m%ñ;sh f,i i,lkq ,nk ~by< uÜgu~

~mokï uÜgfï ks¾Kdhl~ lreKq 230 lska iukaú; jk w;r ~by< uÜgfï ks¾Kdhl~ i|yd wu;r lreKq 60la we;=<;a fjkjd' ;jo" fCIa;%fha ~by<

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ms<sfj;a~ m%o¾Ykh lsÍug leue;a;la olajk iud.ï i|yd ks¾foaY 60la olajd ;sfnkjd' tla tla m%ñ;sfhys ks¾Kdhlh i|yd wkql+,;djh iy ks¾Kdhl uÜgu wkqj ksYaÑ; ,l=Kq ixLHdjla kshu lr we;' ,nd.kakd ,l=Kq ixLHdj wkqj mokï iy;slh fyda by< iy;slh ,nd§u ;SrKh fjkjd'


IFS iy;slh ia:dk.; iy;slhls' bka woyia jkafka iy;slh wod, jkafka ksIamdokh lrk ,o ia:dkhg muKla jk w;r iy;slh §fï§ tu ia:dkfha ksmojk ish¨u wdydr ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=fõ' kej; we.hSu jirlg jrla isÿl, hq;= fõ' oekgu;a fojrla iy;sl lr we;s ~by< uÜgfï iy;sl~ we;s ksIamdok wdh;khlg kej; we.hSfï ld,iSudj udi 18la olajd È.=lr .; yel' iy;sllrKh i|yd jQ úhou iy;sl ,ndfok wdh;kh wkqj fjkiajk kuq;a idudkHfhka ojia tlyudrl fCIa;% ú.Kkhla i|yd wefußldkq fvd,¾ 2"000 la muK jehjkjd'

bv m%ia:d iy iSud

c¾uka iy m%xY is,a,r fj<÷ka ish¨ fokdgu mdfya fukau wfkl=;a hqfrdamSh rgj, is,a,r fj<÷ka .Kkdjlg cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s iy;slh wjYH lrkq ,nkjd' oekg is,a,r fj<÷ka cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;s iy;slh b,a,d isákq ,nkafka fm!oa.,sl f,an,alrKh iys; wdydr ksIamdok i|yd muKs' oekg cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;slrKh ,o wdishdkq iemhqïlrejka ixLHdj my< uÜgul mj;sk kuq;a hqfrdamSh rgj, m%ñ;slrKh Ndú;d lsÍu by< hñka mj;sk ksid;a" wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;slrKh i|yd n,h mjrk ,o wdh;k by< hñka mj;sk ksid;a wmkhklrejkag cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;s iy;sllrK jHdmD;sh hgf;a iy;sl lr.ekSu uÕska hqfrdamSh fj<|fmd, ;=< Tjqkaf.a ;rÕldÍ nj Yla;su;a lr.ekSu i|yd jeä wjia:djla mj;skjd'

cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;slrKh ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

IFS: www.food-care.infoúoHq;a ;emE, [email protected]ÿ'l' +49 ^0& 30 726 250 74

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4'2'2' wdrCId iys; .=Kd;aul wdydr (SQF)

wdrlaId iys; .=Kd;aul wdydr (SQF) ngysr ´iafÜ%,shdkq lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska 1996 § we;slrk ,§' jir 2003 § fuu jevms<sfj,g wod, f,dal whs;sh wefußld tlai;a ckmofha wdydr w,fúlrK wdh;khg (FMI) mjrd ÿka w;r j¾;udkfha § SQF jHjia:d ix.%yh md,kh lrkq ,nkafka wdydr yd wf,úlrK wdh;kh (FMI) uÕska msysgqjk ,o wdrCId iys; .=Kd;aul wdydr wdh;kh (SQI Institute) uÕsks'


SQF jevigyk iïmQ¾Kfhkau wdydr l¾udka;h i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o wdydr iemhqï cd,fha ish¨ iïnkaO;d iuÕ fhdod .; yels idfudaOdksl iafõÉPd wdydr iy .=Kd;aul md,k l%shdj,shls' jHjia:d ud,dj fldafvlaia we,sfukafÜßhia ^cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a kS;s ud,djls& ydks úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï iy wjodkï iys; wjia:d md,kh lsÍfï (HACCP) ud¾f.damfoaY u; mokï ù we;' fï hgf;a úúO wdldrfha wdydr ksIamdok iemhqïlrejka i|yd iy;sllrK jevigyka 02 la ia:dms; lr we;'

● SQF 1000( m%d:ñl ksIamdolhskag úfYaIs; jk w;r Tjqka i<ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq jkafka f.dúm, fodrgqj olajd meñKSug fmr ksIamdok lghq;=" wiajkq fk,Su iy m%d:ñl ksIamdok ms<sfh, lsÍu fõ'

● SQF 2000( wdydr l¾udka; i|yd úfYaIs; jk w;r Tjqkag i<ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq jkafka wuqøjH iy wfkl=;a øjH ilia l< fyda ms<sfh, l, wdydr" îu j¾. fyda fiajdjka fõ'

tla tla jevigyk uÜgï ;=kl iy;sllrKhla i|yd wjia:dj ,ndfokjd'

● m<uq uÜgu ^wdydr wdrCIl uQ,O¾u&( fuu iy;slh" iud.u uÕska mQ¾j wjYH;d jevigyka ^hym;a lDIsld¾ñl fyda ksIamdok ms<sfj;a& iy uQ,sl wdydr wdrCIl md,k ud¾. l%shd;aul lrk nj ;yjqre lrhs'

● fojk uÜgu ^ydks úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï yd wjodkï iys; wjia:d md,kh lsÍfï HACCP wdydr wdrCIl ie<iqï&( fuu iy;slh mQ¾j wjYH;d jevigyka iy HACCP l%uhg wkql+, wdydr wdrCIl ie,iqï l%shd;aul lrk nj ;yjqre lrhs'

● ;=kajk uÜgu ^mq¿,a wdydr wdrCIl iy ;;aj md,k moaO;s ÈhqKq lsÍu&( fuu iy;slh ÿ¾j, .=Kd;auhg fya;=jk ;;ajhka u.yßk HACCP uQ,O¾u j,g wkql+, jQ mQ¾j wjYH;d jevigyka iy wdydr wdrCIl ie,iqï l%shd;aul lrk nj ;yjqre lrhs'

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fojk uÜgu l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ksIamdolhska úiska m<uq uÜgug iy ;j;a wu;r wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' tfiau f;jk uÜgu l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd fojk uÜgu iy ;j;a wu;r wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' tla tla uÜgu i|yd lsis÷ iyk iSudjlska f;drj jHjia:dkql+,j lghq;= lsÍu w;HdjYH fjkjd'


SQF jHjia:djg wkql=, nj iy;sl l< yelafla wjir ,;a yd n,h ,;a wdh;k iuÕ lghq;= lrk ,shdmÈxÑ jQ ú.Kkjrekag muKs' m<uq uÜgug <Õd jQ miq tu iemhqïlrejka SQF f,aLkhg we;=,;a lrk w;r th SQF fjí wvúfha olajkq ,nkjd'

m%Odk bv m%ia:d iy iSud

SQF jeks cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a iy;slhla ,nd.;a úg" ;u iud.ug úúO iy;sl ,nd.ekSfï wjYH;djfhka ñÈh yelsh' tuÕska iemhqïlrejkag ;u iïm;a jvd M,odhS f,i fhdod .ekSug bvlv ie,fia' SQF m%Odk jYfhka wod, jkafka m%d:ñl wjêfha NdKav imhkakka ksIamdolhkag NdKav wf,ú lrk wjia:dfõ § jk neúka f,an,alrKh fuys§ wod, fkdfõ'

SQF ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

wdrCIl iy .=Kd;aul wdydr (SQF) wdh;kh( www.sqfi.comÿ'l' +1 202 220 0635

wdishdkq Ydka;slr SQF iy;sllre(Silliker Global Certification service Pte Ltd.www.silliker.com/australia/home.phpÿ'l' +61^0& 3 8878 3204*elaia( +61^0& 3 8878 3210

4'2'3' ì%;dkH is,a,r iud.ï m%ñ;sh (BRC)

BRC m%ñ;sh" ì%;dkH is,a,r iud.ï uÕska msysgqjk ,o mqoa.,sl" iafõÉPd m%ñ;shls' mdßfNda.sl fi!LH wdrCId lsÍu iy ì%;dkH is,a,r fj<÷kag tlai;a rdcOdksfha wdydr wdrCIl mk;g wkqj l%shdlsÍug yelsùu msKsi fuu m%ñ;Ska ia:dms; lr we;' tneúka BRC m%ñ;sh is,a,r fj<÷kag Tjqkaf.a iemhqïlrejkaf.a wdydr ksIamdok ú.Kkh lsÍu i|yd fmdÿ mokula imhkq ,nk fuj,ula f,i ie,lsh yelsh' fuu m%ñ;sh Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd HACCP uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lsÍu iy

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l%shd;aul lsÍu" f,aLk.; iy M,odhS ;;a;aj l<ukdlrK moaO;shla msysgqùu fukau jevlrk mßirh" ksIamdok l%shdj,Ska iy mqoa.,hka md,kh lsÍu wjYH lrkq ,nkjd' fuh ´kEu wdydr iemhqï iud.ula i|yd wkq.ukh l< yelshs' BRC m%ñ;sh fhdod.ekSu ;=kajk md¾Yajhla uÕska iy;sl l< hq;=hs' iy;sl lrk ,o ksIamdok BRC ,dxPkh iys; jk ksid tu ksIamdok fj<|fmd, ;=< úfYaISlrKhlg ,lafjkjd'

BRC ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

BRC m%ñ;Skawww.brc.org.uk/standards/

4'2'4 ISO 22000

ISO 22000 m%ñ;sh ks¾udKh lr we;af;a wdydr wdrCIl l<uKdlrk moaO;s msysgqùug wjYH myiqlï iemhSu i|ydh' tys HACCP uQ,O¾u fukau wkqf¾Lk ^ksIamdokfha uq,a wjia:d y÷kd.; yelsùu& i|yd wjYH ñkqï yd l%shdud¾.o wka;¾.; fõ' ISO 22000 m%ñ;sh" m%ñ;slrKh i|yd jQ wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdkh (ISO) fukau" hqfrdamd ix.ï wdydr iy îu l¾udka;hkays taldnoaO ixúOdkh (CIAA), cd;Hka;r fydag,a iy wjkay,a ix.uh (IH & RA), CIES f,dal wdydr wdrCIK jHdmD;sh (GFSI) iy f,dal wdydr wdrCIK ixúOdkh (WFSO) iuÕ taldnoaOj jvd mq¿,a tlla njg m;afldg we;' tneúka" ISO 22000 uÕska f,djmqrd cd;sl wdydr wdrCIK l<uKdlrk moaO;s rdcH fkdjk iafõÉPd uÜgñka talrdYS fldg ;sfnkjd' wdydrodufha ´kEu md¾Yjlrejl=g ^fnda. ksIamdolhska" wdydr ksIamdolhska" iemhqï lrejka" f;d. fj<÷ka" is,a,r fj<÷ka& fuu m%ñ;sh i|yd b,a¨ï l< yelshs' ISO 22000 iy;sllrKh iajdëkj fyda wfkl=;a l<uKdlrk moaO;s m%ñ;Ska iuÕ taldnoaOj Ndú;d l< yelshs'

ISO 22000 m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

m%ñ;slrKh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r ixúOdkhInternational Organization for studardizationwww.iso.org

4'2'5' cd;sl iydhl ixúOdk iy wdishdkq GAP yd GMP iy;sllrK wdh;k

www.fao.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_3595oen.html

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5' wdfõksl wdydr ;;a;aj i|yd iy;sllrKh

wdydrj, fN!;sl" ridhksl" fyda ffcùh ,CIK iuÕ fl,skau iïnkaO fkdjk úfYaIs; ,CIK biau;= lr oelaùu i|yd uE; wjqreÿ j,§ iafõÉPd fm!oa.,sl iy;sllrK jevigyka mek ke.S ;sfnkjd' fuu jevigyka wruqKq lrkq ,nkafka ixialD;sl fyda N+f.da, úoHd;aul ,CIKhs' fuu mßÉfþofhka tjeks jHdmD;s folla jk N+f.da, úoHd;aul o¾Yl iy y,d,a ms<sn|j y÷kajd fokjd'

5'1' N+f.da, úoHd;aul o¾Yl GI

N+f.da,Sh úoHd;aul o¾Yl GI hkq ksIamdolhska lKavdhula fyda foaYSh rdcH wêldßhla uÕska nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| cd;sl mßmd,kh Ndr ks<OdÍ yryd ,shdmÈxÑ lrkq ,en we;s fm!oa.,sl iafõÉPd m%ñ;shls' N+f.da, úoHd;aul o¾Yl wdydrj, uQ,sl wuqøjH iy tajdfha ;;a;ajh" idïm%odhsl oekqu iy úúO;ajh wdrlaId lsÍug fukau m%j¾Okhg o msgqjy,la imhhs' ta wkqj fuu o¾Yl NdKavh uq,skau ksmofjk m%foaYh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla imhk w;r tu m%foaYfha ksmofjk NdKavj, we;s iqúfYaI nj yqjd olajhs' fuu ,CIK m%dfoaYSh" cd;sl fukau cd;Hka;r uÜgfï§o mdßfNdalhka uÕska oekgu;a y÷kdf.k we;' GI uÕska N+f.da,Sh jYfhka wod, jk ksIamdok kduh i|yd kS;suh wdrCIdj msßkuk w;r wfkl=;a m%foaYj, ksIamdokh jk NdKav i|yd tu N+f.da,Sh kduh Ndú;h j<lajkjd' tneúka fuh wdfõKsl ,CIK iys; foaYSh ksIamdok j, m%dfoaYSh iy cd;Hka;r fj<|du i|yd iqÿiq fuj,ula f,i Ndú;d l<yels fõ'

oekgu;a mj;sk wdishdkq N+f.da, úoHd;aul kdu w;r úhÜkdufha ksmofjk ìka ;=jdka v%e.ka m<;=re iy mqfldla udõ fidaia" ;dhs,ka;fha fvdhs-;=ka.a fldams iy Ökfha f,dka.aðka f;a jeo.;a fõ' bkaÈhdfõ vd¾ð,ska.a f;a iy bkaÿkSishdfõ nd,s fldams j,g GI wdrlaIKh uÕska m%;sM, ,nd.; yelsh'

kj N+f.da, úoHd;aul o¾Ylhla f,i GI ,shdmÈxÑ ùu i|yd ksIamdolhska Tjqkaf.a whÿïm;a ;u rfÜ nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| mßmd,k ks<OdÍ fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' whÿïm;a uÕska ksIamdokh i|yd N+f.da,Sh in|;djhla iys; kula fyda oekgu;a fmdÿ Ndú;fha we;s fyda ft;sydisl in|;djhla iys; kula m%ldY l< hq;=h' ;jo ksIamdolhska úiska ksIamdokfha N+f.da,Sh msysàu fyda ksIamdok fCIa;%h ms<sn| idïm%odhsl oekqu" ksIamdokfha ,CIK iuÕ olajk in|;djh úia;r l< hq;=hs' fuu moku u; ksIamdokh iy mßj¾;kh ùfï l%shdj,sh i|yd Ndú;d lsÍug jevms,sfj,lg tlÕjk w;r thg wkql+,j lghq;= l< hq;=hs' fuhska woyia jkafka foaYSh ksIamdolhskag N+f.da,Sh kduh wdY%s;" ksIamdokfha thgu wdfõKsl jQ úfYaI ,CIK úoyd oelaùu i|yd bvlv ie,eiaùuhs' wjidkfha§" rch fjkqfjka ksIamdokfha .=Kd;auh ms<sn| wjika iy;sllre jk ;=kajk md¾Yajhla uÕska ksIamdokfha .=Kd;auh yd mßj¾;k ùfï l%shdj,sh mÍlaId lr iy;sl l< hq;=h' ,shdmÈxÑ l< miq tu N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhg wh;a GI jevms,sfj,g wkql+,j lghq;= lrk ksIamdolhskag iy l¾udka;lrejkag uQ,sl ksIamdolhd

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uÕska ks¾udKh lrk ,o GI f,an,h Ndú;d l< yelshs'

wdishdkq jd;djrKh ;=< N+f.da,Sh bÈßm;a lsÍï ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd www.ecap-project.org/activitiesevents/at_regional_level/eu_ asean_seminar_on_the_protection-and promotion_of geographical_indicatioì_gis.html

hqfrdamSh N+f.da,Sh o¾Yl ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd www.ec.europa.eu/agriculture/foodqual/quali1_en.htm

wdishdkq cd;sl iydhsl ixúOdk iy iy;sllrK wdh;k www.fao.org/es/esc/en/20953/21020/highlight_35950en.html

5'2' y,d,a iy;sllrKh

~y,d,a~ hkq kS;Hdkql+, nj woyia jk wrdì jpkhls' fuhska woyia jkafka i<lkq ,nk øjH fyda l%shdldrlï bia,dóh kS;shg wkql+,jk njhs' idudkHfhka wdydr iïnkaOfhka jQ úg th Ndú;d lrkqfha bia,dóh Nla;slfhl=g th wkqNj lsÍug" mdkh lsÍug fyda Ndú;d lsÍug wjir iys; njhs' wrdì niska ~yrï~ f,i y÷kajkqfha fuys m%;súreoaO ;;ajh tkï" kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk fyda wjir fkd,enQ hkakhs' ksIamdolhska fj<÷kag fuhska .uH jkafka ksIamdokfha§" ieliSfï§" .nvdlsÍfï § iy ksIamdok fnodyeÍfï odufha § Tjqka Ndú;d lrk ish¨ fhojqï" WmlrK" hka;% iQ;% iy lïlrejka fhoùu ydksodhl fia i,lkq ,nk ish¨ fohska fjkaj lghq;= lrk njhs' fuu l%shdj,sh wdydruh fukau we;eï fnfy;a j¾. iy ms,jqka j¾. jeks wdydruh fkdjk øjHho wdjrKh lrkq ,nkjd' wdishdkq lDIs wdydr fj,|fmd< ;=< y,d,a iy;sllrKfha jeo.;alu jvd;a by< hñka mj;sk w;r f,dal y,d,a wdydr fj<|dfï jákdlu wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 150la muK jk nj ;lafiare lr ;sfnkjd' msgrgj, Ôj;a jk fyda ixpdrh lrk bia,dóh O¾uh woyk wdkhkh lrk wdydr u; hefmk fndfyda fofkl=g lDIs wdydr øjH ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd bia,dóh kS;shg wkqj kS;Hdkql+, njg iy;sl lr we;s y,d,a ,dxPkh úYajdiodhl i,l=Kla njg m;afjñka ;sfnkjd' tneúka lDIs wdydrodufha md¾Yajlrejkag bia,dóh mdßfNda.slhka fj; ,Õdùu i|yd y,d,a ,dxPkh {dKdkaú;j Ndú;d l< yelshs'

y,d,a wjYH;d ráka rgg iq¿ jYfhka fjkiajk kuq;a hym;a bia,dóh ms<sfj;a i|yd uef,aishdkq y,d,a iy;sllrKh cd;Hka;r ñkqï i<l=Kla ^ii|d ne,Su i|yd ks¾Kdhl& njg m;afjñka ;sfnkjd' ~y,d,a iy;sl~ m%odkh lrkq ,nkafka mÍlaId lsÍfï §" ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï iy iy;sl l< mÍlaIljrekaf.a wëCIKh i|yd myiqlï iys; wkqu; l< bia,dóh uOHia:dk uÕsks' iy;sllrK .dia;= ms<sn|j iy;sllrK wdh;khla iuÕ idlÉPdlr tlÕ;djhlg meñKsh yels w;r idudkHfhka wkqu; bia,dóh uOHia:dkhlg ksIamdok f,an, i|yd fhÈh yels ,shdmÈxÑ l< ,dxPkhla mj;skjd' fuu iy;sllrK l%shdj,sh uÕsska wdydr

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ksIamdok y,d,a nj" bia,dóh mdßfNda.slhkag fhda.H nj yd iy;sllrK ,o ksIamdok iy ieliSfï mßY%hl ksIamdÈ; nj ;yjqre lrkjd' j¾;udkfha § fuu fj<|fmd,g iyNd.jk yjq,alrejka uqyqKmdk m%Odk wNsfhda. jkafka f,dal y,d,a wêldßfha wvq iyfhda.S;djh yd j,x.=Ndjhhs'

y,d,a iy;sllrK wjYH;d ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd

www.gov.my/MYGOV/BI/Directory/BusinessByindustry/ AgricultureAndAgroBasedIndustry/AgroHalalCertification/

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6' wdishdkq ëjr ksIamdok iy;sllrKh

w,a,d .kakd ,o iy j.d lrk ,o u;aiH ksIamdok cd;Hka;r jYfhka mq¿,aj fj<|dïjk fj<| øjHhls' f,dal u;aiH ksIamdokfha Ôj nßka 38] l muK m%udKhla wmkhkh i|yd fj<| oduhg we;=<;a fjkjd' j¾;udkfha § wdikak jYfhka u;aiH ksIamdokfhka yß wvla j.d lsÍfuka ,nd .kakd nj weia;fïka;= lr we;s w;r u;aiH ksIamdok fj<|fmdf,a§ tys jákdlu iS>%fhka by< hñka mj;skjd' uq¿ c,c j.d ksIamdokfhka 80]lg jvd jeä m%udKhla ksmojkq ,nkafka wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmfha jk neúka tu l,dmh fuu ksIamdok fj<|dfï m%uqL l,dmh njg m;ajkjd' w,a,d.kakd ud¿ ksIamdok fCIa;%fha§ fuka fkdj c,c j.d fCIa;%h ;=< wfkl=;a lDIsld¾ñl iy mY= iïm;a ksIamdok fCIa;% j,g fmdÿjQ ,CIK olakg ,efnk w;r m%;sM,hla f,i ;;aj md,kh" wmkhk fj<|fmd,g <Õdùu jeks lreKq iïnkaOfhka fmdÿ wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK fokjd' c,c j.d ksIamdokj, wdrCIdj iïnkaOfhka is,a,r fj<÷kaf.a yd mdßfNda.slhkaf.a fõ.fhka by< hk b,aü ksIamdok ms<sfj;a iïnkaOfhka mek ke.sh yels w;r th fCIa;%fha ÈhqKqj .eKqïlrejka yd mdßfNda.slhka wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd jQ hdka;%Khla foig fhduq lrjkjd' u;aiH ksIamdokh ksid we;sù we;s mdßißl ydks iy iudcuh .eg¿ ksid" u;aiH ksIamdokj, fi!LHdrCIs;njg mßNdysrj .eKqïlrejka ;uka ñ,§ .kakd u;aiH wdydr ms<sn| jeä ie,ls,a,la olajkakg mgka f.k we;' fï ksid iy;sl lrk ,o u;aiH wdydrj, b,aü by< hdug n,mEula we;slr we;' ta iuÕu hym;a u;aiH ksIamdok jevms<sfj,j,a" m%ñ;Ska iy l%fudamdh ms<sn| we;s b,aüo by< hñka mj;S' úúO iy;sllrK jHdmD;s uÕska i;H jYfhkau iy;sl lrkq ,nkafka l=ulao hkak ms<sn|j .eKqïlre fyda mdßfNda.slhd jHdl+,;djhg m;al< yels w;r" uyck;dj ;=< jerÈ wjfndaOhla we;sùug fya;=úh yels ksid tjeks m%udKd;aul j¾Okhla uÕska wfmaCIs; m%;sM,hg úreoaO m%;sM,hla we;s l< yelsshs' m%ñ;Ska iy jHdmD;s w;r tluq;=lfï fyda ñKqï ilia lsÍfï wvqmdvqj ksid úúO jevms<sfj,a w;r m%udKj;a ii|d ne,Sula isÿùu j,lajd,k w;r iy;sl l< ksIamdok i|yd ms<s.ekSula fkdue;slu jeks m%YaK mek ke.sh yelsh'

c,c j.d ksIamdok iy;sl lsÍu idfmaCI jYfhka ;ju;a uQ,sl wjêhl mj;S' fuu w;afmd; m%ldYhg m;ajk wjia:dfõ§ ëjr lñgqj" c,c j.d ms<sn| Wmlñgqj (COFI/AQ) wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkh (FAO) iy wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh c,c j.d uOHia:dk cd,h (NACA) uÕska lrk ,o b,a,Sulg m%;spdrhla jYfhka" iy;sllrK jHdmd;s uÕska ms<s.; yels uÜgfï wkqrEmS njla fmkakqï lsÍug yd úYajdikSh whqßka c,c j.d iy;sllrKh isÿl< yelsnj iy;sl lsÍug c,c j.d iy;sllrKh i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh wdrïN lr we;' ixj¾ê; yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, iq¿ yd uyd mßudK uÜgfï ish¨ c,c j.d ksIamdolhskag c,c j.d iy;sllrKfhka msßkukq ,nk

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bv m%ia:djkaf.ka iudk m%;s,dN w;ajk yd iq¿mßudK ksIamdolhskag wjdisodhl fkdjk nj iy;sl jk whqßka lghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY uÕska woyia flf¾'

fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re i|yd(

lreKdlr wdydr yd lDIslu_ ixúOdkfha c,c j.d Wmlñgqfõ (COF/AQ) ;dCIKsl f,alï iuÕ iïnkaO jkak' ke;fyd;a fjí wvúhg msúfikak'

www.fao.org./fi/website/FlretrteveAction.do?dom=org&xml=Fl_org.xml8xp_nar=3.2

fndfyda ksIamdolhskag" iy;sllrK ,o lDIs ksIamdok i|yd jQ fj<|fmd< b;d ixlS¾K jk w;r újO iy;sllrK l%shdj,Skaf.a m%;s,dN t;rïmeyeÈ,s fkdfõ' óg wu;rj" wmkhk ksIamdok i|yd w;HdjYH m%ñ;Ska iy iafõÉPd iajNdjfhka hq;= m%ñ;Ska w;r fjki ms<sn|j ksIamdolhska yeu úgu oekqj;a fkdúh yelsh' tneúka fuu w;afmd; ie<iqï lr we;af;a iafõÉPd iy;sllrKh meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|ydh'

fuys wka;¾.;h lshùfuka miq" mdGlhd m%Odk iafõÉPd mqoa.,sl iy;sllrK jevigyka" tu jevigykaj, jeo.;alu" jevigyka w;r fjkialï fukau tajdfhys jdis iy iSudjka wjfndaO lr .ekSug iu;aúh hq;=h' tfiau w;afmd;a u.ska wefußld tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamd ix.uh" cmdkh iy wfkl=;a rgj, m%Odk wdkhk fr.=,dis ms<sn| f;dr;=re uQ,dY% imhkq ,nkjd'

msgm;a ,nd.ekSu i|yd my; ,smshkg ,shkak'

FAO Y%S ,xld";e'fm' 1505"202"fn!oaOdf,dal udj;"fld<U 07'

ÿrl:k( ^94 11& 2580798 *elaia( ^94 11& 2587990

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