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LCD TVPresented by,

Palas Parmar-0913070

Param Jani-0913071

Paras Patel-0913072

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HISTORY 1888: Friedrich Reinitzer (1858-1927) discovers the liquid crystalline

nature of cholesterol extracted from carrots (that is, two melting points andgeneration of colors).

1904: Otto Lehmann publishes his work"Flssige Kristalle"(LiquidCrystals).

1911: Charles Mauguin first experiments of liquids crystals confinedbetween plates in thin layers

1922: Georges Friedel describes the structure and properties of liquidcrystals and classified them in 3 types (nematics, smectics and cholesterics).

1936: The Marconi Wireless Telegraph company patents the first practicalapplication of the technology, "The Liquid Crystal Light Valve".

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Need for LCD TV Packaging

The majority of the power budget of a CRTgoes into heating the filament, which is whythe back of a CRT-based television is hot.

This limits practical CRTs to sizes around30 inches; displays up to 40 inches were

produced but weighed several hundredpounds

Rear-projection televisions are much bulkierthan flat-panel televisions

LCDs can, in theory, be built at any size, withproduction yields being the primaryconstraint. As yields increased, common LCDscreen sizes grew, from 14 to 30", to 42",then 52", and 65" sets are now widelyavailable.

Can be wall-mounted

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.Efficiency

Slightly lower power usage than equivalent sized Plasma and CRT displays.

Modern LCD sets have attempted to address the power use through a

process known as "dynamic lighting

Image quality

LCDs reflect very little light, allowing them to maintain contrast levels in well-lit roomsand not be affected by glare.

Is less susceptible to burn-in: Burn-in refers to the television displaying a permanentghost-like image due to constant, prolonged display of the image. Light-emittingphosphors lose their luminosity over time and, when frequently used, the low-luminosity

areas become permanently visible.

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KEY FEATURES:- SCREEN RESOLUTION

LCD SCREEN

WIDE ASPECT RATIO

DIGITAL SOUND SURROUND

CONTRAST RATIO

MOTION RESPONSE TIME

BRIGHTNESS

VIEWING ANGLE

CONNECTORS

STANDS

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Components of an LCD TV

Liquid crystals

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs)

Polarizer plates

In-Plane Switching displays (IPS and S-IPS)

Electrodes made of a transparent conductor like

indium tin oxide Thin film transistor (TFT)

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A liquid crystal display (LCD) is athin, flat electronic visual display.

They are classified as "passive"displays.

They are usually more compact,

lightweight, portable, and lower cost.

One feature of liquid crystals is thatthey're affected by electric current

Liquid Crystal Display

Most liquid crystal molecules

are rod-shaped and arebroadly categorized as eitherthermotropic or lyotropic.

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The combination of four facts makes LCDs possible:

Light can be polarized.

Liquid crystals can transmit and change polarized light.

The structure of liquid crystals can be changed byelectric current.

There are transparent substances that canconductelectricity.

DESCRIPTION

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Behaviour during on and off state

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Colour LCD

An LCD that can show colorsmust have three subpixels withred, green and blue color filtersto create each color pixel.

Through the careful control andvariation of the voltage applied,the intensity of each subpixelcan range over 256 shades.

Combining the subpixels produces apossible palette of16.8 millioncolors (256 shades of red x 256shades of green x 256 shades of

blue), as shown

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A typical shutter assembly consists of a sandwichof several layers deposited on two thin glasssheets forming the front and back of the display.

The critical step in the manufacturing process isthe deposition of the active matrix components.

These have a relatively high failure rate, whichrenders those pixels on the screen "always on".

Building a display

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Drawbacks of LCD TV

Contrast/Black Levels:The contrast ratio of the LED display is much more than the customary LCD TVs.

Viewing angles:If the viewing angles of the display are wider more than thirty degrees far from centerthen the contrast ratio of the image is diminished in LCD. This disadvantage is not inthe LED as they effectively can match the viewing angle of the plasma TVs.

Video playback:The response rate time in the LED is faster and hence the blurring of the imagesdoes not occur especially in fast action video. Hence, LEDs have overcome themotion lag problem.

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Environmental effects

The production of LCD screens uses nitrogen trifluoride(NF3) as an etching fluid during the production of the

thin-film components.

NF3 is a potent greenhouse gas.

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Market share:

Indias LCD TV MarketDoubling Every Year,DisplaySearch ReportReveals

Figure 1 India TVShipment Forecast byTechnology

Source: DisplaySearch IndiaTV Market: TVs EmergingLand of Opportunity

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In Indian flat TV market Sony leads in sales and Videocon in growth

2010Rank

Brand 2009Share

2010Share

Y/YGrowth

1 Sony 22.9% 22.1% 96%2 Samsung 29.3% 21.3% 48%

3 LG 23.1% 21.0% 85%

4 Videocon 7.6% 13.7% 267%

5 Panasonic 8.2% 8.5% 112%

Other 9.0% 13.3% 201%

Total 103%

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