LC Subject Headings

Eric Friede and Jeff SiemonJeff Siemon’s slides

Local Church History

• Corporate name $x History• Denominational family $z Place• Place $x Church history

610 20 Ridgewood Pentecostal Church (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.) ǂx History.

650 0 Pentecostal churches ǂz New York (State) ǂz New York ǂx History.

651 0 Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.) ǂx Church history.

Neighborhoods cannot be used as subdivisions

D.Min. headings

• Church growth - this means numerical growth

• Church renewal - this means qualitative growth

• Church development, New – means church planting, a new congregation

D.Min. headings

• Christian leadership ǂx Study and teaching – program for training leaders

• Leadership ǂx Religious aspects ǂx Christianity – more theory

Often D.Min. theses include both theory and practice.

D.Min. headings

• Church group work - is often what is part of what is being done in D.Min. theses with “discipling” or “spiritual growth” in the title.

• Small groups ǂx Religious aspects ǂx Christianity - more theory

• Church group work with … men, etc.

D.Min. headings• Discipling (Christianity) – is currently a buzz word; I tend to

use this for one-on-one spiritual growth relationships, meant to multiply to other one-on-one relationships. I base this on the work cat. But the scope note is broader.680 ǂi Here are entered works on the process of teaching and training for growth in Christian discipleship. Works on the development of spiritual disciplines and spiritual growth are entered under ǂa Spiritual formation.

• Mentoring in Church work - I’d use this for one-on-one teaching church practices or leadership, different from spiritual growth

Excursus on Discipling (Christianity):DLC records

1989 – (work cat.) Disciple-makers' handbook 505 What is disciplemaking? -- Disciplemaking is

intentional -- Disciplemaking is individualized -- Disciplemaking is inspired -- Authority and truth : beyond cultural barriers -- Fear : beyond personal obstacles -- How to be a friend -- How to establish a discipling relationship -- How to model the Christian life -- How to help people who hurt -- How people change -- How to use Scripture in disciplemaking -- How to help your friend share the faith.

Excursus on Discipling (Christianity):DLC records

1989 - The joy of discipling : ǂb friend with friend, heart with heart

2000 - Playing your position : ǂb investing yourself in others

2003 - The adventure of discipling others : ǂb training in the art of disciplemaking

Excursus on Discipling (Christianity):DLC records

Became less precise in the 1990s

1993 - Discipleship principles for effective church administration

1994 - Introduction to biblical counseling : ǂb a basic guide to the principles and practice of counseling

1995 - The drift into deception : ǂb the eight characteristics of abusive Christianity

1996 - A discipling program curriculum model for ministry with single Christian women in the local church

D.Min. headings about empowering lay people

• Laity • Lay ministry • Peer counseling in the church

• Priesthood, Universal– 450 Priesthood of all believers– 680 ǂi Here are entered works on the Christian doctrine that each

individual shares the responsibility of ministering to other members of the church community, and in some Christian traditions, the doctrine that individuals have direct access to God without ecclesiastical mediation.

• Church work with … new church members $x Reformed Church in America.

D.Min. headings

• 150 Church work with aliens450 Church work with foreigners ǂw nne

• Church work with… each “group” must beestablished, not “free-floating”

D.Min. headings

D.Min. headings

• No 680 scope note for Group Ministry. • Clues about usage of Group ministry• 450 Multiple staff ministry• 053 BV675 – next to numbers for

Associate ministers and Clergy couples

• So do NOT use for clergy and lay cooperation, or lay teams.

D.Min. headings

• Clues about usage of Cooperative ministry look at LC usage:• search for the subject in WorldCat, • limited to DLC, • click on “date” to sort by date, and • look for the early usage

Some DLC usage for the subject heading Cooperative Ministry

• 245 Cooperative ministry : hope for small churches, c1984.

• 245 Sharing more than a pastor, c1993.• 245 Cooperating congregations : portraits of mission

strategies, c1999.505 Tri-county ministry, North Dakota -- North Central cluster, West Virginia -- Upper Sand Mountain Parish, Alabama -- Milwaukee strategy, Wisconsin -- Mission at the eastward, Maine

D.Min. headings

• Cooperative ministry – means multiple churches sharing one pastor

D.Min. headings“Developing a vision for ministry at First Church”

• NOT Vision -- Religious aspects • LC usage for

Vision -- Religious aspects:• 245 Seeing / Kathleen Meyer, 1985.

520 A young child expresses gratitude to God for the sense of sight which allows us to enjoy so many things.

• 245 Word and light : seeing, hearing, and religious discourse, c1992.650 Language and languages ǂx Religious aspects.650 Vision ǂx Religious aspects.650 Hearing ǂx Religious aspects.

D.Min. headings“Developing a vision for ministry at First Church”

• Perhaps these headings might fit the book• Strategic planning• First Church $x Planning.• Mission statements.• Mission of the Church

– (Eric will talk about this heading later)

Spirituality, etc.Religious lifeǂi Here are entered general works descriptive of, or seeking to

foster, personal religious and devotional life. Works on the religious life of Christians are entered under ǂa Christian life. ǂi Works on the religious life of Jews are entered under ǂa Jewish way of life. ǂi Works on the religious life of members of other religions or sects are entered under ǂa Religious life ǂi with subdivision for the religion or sect. Works on the religious life of other specific classes of persons are entered under headings of the type [class of persons]--Religious life, e.g. ǂa Christian women--Religious life; Jewish soldiers--Religious life; Muslim children--Religious life; Prisoners--Religious life.

Spirituality, etc.

Christian life - broad term, includes actions and inner growth and spiritual practices

680 – see note on Religious life

Spirituality, etc.Spirituality - Christian inner growth / relationship with God

("Buddhist spirituality", but not Christian spirituality)680 ǂi Here are entered works that describe the proper relationship to God or present a history of it within a particular Christian denomination.

Spiritual life - practicing spiritual disciplines, often misapplied 680 ǂi Here are entered works recommending religious practices by which individuals may attain the proper relationship to God or may attain their religious objectives.

Spiritual formation - Was originally used for spiritual growth in Catholic seminaries; currently a buzz word; I tend to reserve this word for more holistic, life-long spiritual growth.

680 ǂi Here are entered works on the development of spiritual disciplines and spiritual growth. Works on the process of teaching and training for growth in Christian discipleship are entered under ǂa Discipling (Christianity).

Spirituality, etc.Spiritual formation - Was originally used for spiritual growth in

Catholic seminaries; currently a buzz word; I tend to reserve this word for more holistic, life-long spiritual growth.

680 ǂi Here are entered works on the development of spiritual disciplines and spiritual growth. Works on the process of teaching and training for growth in Christian discipleship are entered under ǂa Discipling (Christianity).

Spiritual exercises – texts to use when engaging in devotional practices

Faith development - more social science research term

Spirituality, some related headingsSpiritual healing - was established for physical ailments (i.e. back problems,

one leg long than another, cancer tumor) healed by spiritual means (i.e. prayer). It has come to mean in popular culture: inner healing, healing of a person's spirit. So the LCSH term "Spiritual healing" seems to be used in practice for both topics. I've given up trying to differentiate the two.

450 Divine healing450 Faith-cure ǂw nne450 Faith healing450 Spiritual therapies680 ǂi Here are entered works on the use of faith, prayer, or sacramental

means to treat illness. Works on the use of psychological or psychic means to treat illness are entered under ǂa Mental healing.

150 Spiritual warfare680 ǂi Here are entered works on the struggle of individual Christians against

suffering, temptation, and doubt as expressions of Satan's work, particularly from a Pentecostal or evangelical point of view.

Preaching and Sermons

“Sermons” Common usage:$v Sermons may be used after denominations

and any topic, including Bible passages.Catholic Church $v Sermons.Sparrows $v Sermons.Bible. $p N.T. $p Matthew VI $v Sermons.

Preaching and SermonsThere are some explicit terms for collections of types of sermons or analysis

about those types of sermons:• Sermons, American• Sermons, English

(but Hymns, English ǂz United States !)• Sermons, American ǂx African American authors• Sermons, American ǂx Women authors• Teaching sermons (but Doctrinal preaching, see below)• Monologue sermons • Dialogue sermons • Church year sermons• Lenten sermons• Canonization sermons

Preaching and SermonsBooks of/about “Sermons” - Less common usage:$v Sermons may be used also after people for sermons ABOUT

the person (not by).John the Baptist $v Sermons.

Books analyzing (about) types of sermons get $x; (but many catalogs do not differentiate , and may confuse

patrons. )A statistical analysis of 1000 Presbyterian sermonsPresbyterian Church $x Sermons.

Preaching

Uncoordinated headings: “Arrays” • Preaching.• Suffering ǂx Religious aspects ǂx Christianity

Some denominations are explicitly established:• Methodist preaching• Lutheran preaching

but not Church of the Nazarene preaching

Preaching

Some forms/styles are explicitly established:• Narrative preaching• Doctrinal preaching• Biographical preaching• Extemporaneous preaching• Topical preaching

but not Expository preaching; I use Preaching / Exposition (Rhetoric)

Preaching

• African American preachingbut not Korean American preaching

Preaching to Asian AmericansPreaching to Hispanic AmericansPreaching to Youth

but not Preaching to African Americans

PreachingOther topics related to preaching:• Homiletical illustrations• Children's sermons• Hindu sermons• Lectionary preaching• Sermons, German ǂv Translations into English.

Hint: in OCLC Connexion do an Authority record, subject heading, keyword search for: Preach* or perhaps search for Sermon* to see the possibilities.

DenominationsPattern heading: Catholic ChurchSubject Cataloging Manual: H 1187

Corporate body names:• 610 20 Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)• 610 20 Southern Baptist ConventionDenominational family names, and polity matters:• 650 0 Pentecostal churches (mostly congregational in

polity, so lower case "c")• 650 0 Reformed Church

(considers itself globally "one church," so capital "C")People:• Presbyterians• Methodists

Denominations

Under both corporate body denominations and denominational families, you may use ǂx Doctrines for their theology, but NOT under the people.

• United Methodist Church (U.S.) ǂx Doctrines.• Holiness churches ǂx Doctrines.• NOT Methodists ǂx Doctrines.• OK Methodists ǂx Religious life.• NOT United Methodist Church(U.S.) ǂx Theology

• ǂx Theology• 680 ǂi Use as a topical subdivision under names of individual religions

and monastic orders and under uniform titles of sacred works.

Denominations

NOT United Methodist Church(U.S.) ǂx Theology

• ǂx Theology 680 ǂi Use as a topical subdivision under names of

individual religions and monastic orders and under uniform titles of sacred works.

DenominationsThere are unusual headings because of polity/government:• Episcopal Church - for U.S.• or Anglican Communion - for collective/global or unidentified

LC usage is always• Christian life ǂx Anglican authors. (not Episcopal authors)• but Spiritual life ǂx Episcopal Church. is OK

• Baptists is both "people" and "church," not Baptist churches• Mennonites - is both "people" and "church"• Methodist Church - collection for family of churches• Methodists - people• Methodism - probably the tradition, practices and popular beliefs

Denominations• Quakers

680 ǂi Here are entered works on the persons belonging to the Society of Friends. Works on the Society of Friends as a religious denomination are entered under ǂa Society of Friends.

• Church buildings - architecture, church decoration, etc.• Methodist church buildings

- some denominational are explicitly established• NOT Church buildings ǂx United Church of Canada, etc

Denominations• Sects (LSCH speak for "denominations")• Cults (for New religious movements, even if they are

not coercive)

Denominational minutes• 610 20 <Corporate body name> ǂx Government.• Methodist Church (U.S.) ǂb Central Illinois Conference

ǂx Government.Some catalogers add ǂv Periodicals or ǂv Congresses.

Worship

• Worship – -includes private and family worship

• Public worship – - is often a more precise heading

• Catholic Church ǂx Liturgy – - ABOUT Catholic liturgy

• Catholic Church ǂx Liturgy ǂv Texts – - actual prayers, etc.

Liturgics680 ǂi Here are entered works on the historical and theological study of

liturgies. Collections of procedures prescribed for public worship in accordance with authorized or standard forms are entered under ǂa Liturgies. ǂi Collections of services of any type for use in public worship are entered under ǂa Worship programs.

360 ǂi subdivision ǂa Liturgical use ǂi under uniform titles of sacred works, e.g. ǂa Bible--Liturgical use; ǂi also subdivision ǂa Liturgy ǂi under ǂa Judaism; ǂi under individual Jewish and Christian sects and rites; under names of individual Christian monastic and religious orders; and under individual Jewish and Christian ceremonies, rituals, holidays, etc., e.g. ǂa Catholic Church--Liturgy; Judaism--Ari rite--Liturgy; Jesuits--Liturgy; Seder--Liturgy; Good Friday--Liturgy; ǂi and subdivision ǂa Rituals ǂi under names of individual religions and sects other than ǂa Judaism ǂi and Jewish and Christian sects, e.g. ǂa Buddhism--Rituals

Hymnals

Hymnals usually get two headings: (See H1917 and H1160)

• Denomination ǂv Hymns.• Hymns, English ǂz United States.• Christian hymns, just use Hymns,

<language>, non-Christian religions get:• Buddhist hymns, Japanese etc.

Other sacred music headings

• Gregorian chants (see cross refs)• Music in Christian education• Contemporary Christian music• Church music• Psalmody

• Sacred vocal music• Sacred music• Choruses, Sacred• Revival hymns• Gospel music• Choral conducting• Choral singing• Children's choirs

•Music in worship680 ǂi Here are entered discussions as to the desirability, etc. of having music in the church.

•Synagogue music (see subdivisions and cross refs.)

Sacraments

• Lord's Supper ǂx <denomination>• Baptism ǂx <denomination>

• Confession ǂx Catholic Church (is used for Sacrament of Reconciliation, and what was called the Sacrament of Penance or Confession. This is an example of older terminology that has been kept for consistency; some global changes have been made to newer terminology, other old terms have been kept.)

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• Prayer – about prayer, a topic, how to• Prayer ǂx Christianity

– – It’s a relatively new practice to specify the religion after prayer, so watch out when coping older records. Now, it is good practice to add the religion.

• Prayers – texts of prayers, not divided by religion or language.

Prayer, Meditation, etc.• Meditation 680 ǂi Here are entered works on mental prayer as a method of

promoting the spiritual life. Collections of thoughts on spiritual truths for use in meditation are entered under ǂa Meditations.

• Meditation ǂx Christianty, etc.• Meditation ǂx <Denominations>

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• ǂv Meditations • ǂv Devotional literature• ǂv Prayers and devotions

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• ǂv Meditations 360 ǂi subdivision ǂa Meditations ǂi

under religious subjects, e.g. ǂa Bible--Meditations; Lord's Supper—Meditations

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• ǂv Devotional literature680 ǂi Use as a form subdivision under

uniform titles of sacred works for devotional literature on those works.

i.e. Bible – N.T. –John –Devotional literature.

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• ǂv Prayers and devotions• 485 ǂv Prayer-books and devotions ǂw nne

680 ǂi Use as a form subdivision under names of individual religious and monastic orders and under individual religions, individual Christian denominations, classes of persons and ethnic groups for whose use the prayers are intended; under names of individual saints, deities, etc., to whom the devotions are directed; and under topical headings for prayers and devotions on those topics.

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• e.g. Mothers ǂv Prayers and devotions

• Assemblies of God ǂv Prayers and devotions

• Islam ǂv Prayers and devotions•

Mary, ǂc Blessed Virgin, Saint ǂv Prayers and devotions

• Serials librarianship ǂv Prayers and devotions

Prayer, Meditation, etc.

• ǂv Devotional literaturesacred works

• ǂv Meditations religious subjects

• ǂv Prayers and devotionsAlmost any topic or group of people

Biography

There are biographies of lay people under the "people" heading, clergy under the "church" heading

• Presbyterians ǂv Biography. (for a lay person, or collective mixed lay/clergy)

• Presbyterian Church ǂx Clergy ǂv Biography.

There are bishops, but not archbishops:• Catholic Church ǂb Bishops ǂv Biography.

Biography

• Baptists is both "people" and "church," not Baptist churches• Baptists ǂv Biography. - for lay people• Baptists ǂx Clergy ǂv Biography - for clergy

Biography

Festschrift is a collection of essays to honor a person.The person is both subject and author.• 600 10 Friede, Eric• 650 0 Theological libraries.• 700 10 Friede, Eric• 700 10 <editor>• 902 10 – Beverly Hills

Theologians

Biographies are assigned the person’s name, denomination, and/or their profession.

Classified under their denomination, religious order, etc. (BX) or Christian biography (BR1720; BR1725)

i.e. “Beza : his life and thought”• BX9419.B4• 600 10 Beze, Theodore de, ǂd 1519-1605.• 650 0 Reformed Church ǂv Biography.• 650 0 Theologians ǂv Biography.

Theologians thought: topic or biography?

i.e. “The concept of Church in the thought of Beza”• LC – BV598 or BV600• Other libraries perhaps: BX9419.B4 …• 600 10 Beze, Theodore de, ǂd 1519-1605.• 650 0 Church ǂx History of Doctrines ǂx 16th century.• 650 0 Reformed Church ǂx Doctrines.

Education

Church and education

680 ǂi Here are entered general works on the relation of the church to education. Works on instruction in the Christian religion in churches, schools, and homes are entered under ǂa Christian education. ǂi Works on religious or secular instruction provided by a particular denomination are entered under the name of the denomination with subdivision ǂa

Education, ǂi e.g. ǂa Catholic Church--Education.

EducationEducation

• Christian education 680 ǂi Here are entered works dealing with

instruction in the Christian religion in schools and private life. Works on the relation of the church to education in general, and works on the history of the part that the church has taken in secular education are entered under ǂa Church and education.

EducationEducation

• Christian education ǂv Textbooks for adults, [children, etc.] ǂx Anglican, [Baptist, etc.]

Sometimes misused:• Christian education ǂx Study and teaching 680 ǂi Here are entered works on Christian

education as a subject for study in the curriculum for the training of clergy, and of directors and professors of Christian education.

EducationEducation

• Sunday schools• Christian education

of slow learning children• Intergenerational

Christian education• Games in Christian education• Jesus Christ ǂx Teaching methods• Christian education ǂx Teacher training• Sunday school superintendents

Education

• Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) ǂx Education OK

• Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) ǂx Education (Higher) NO, a mistake

• Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) ǂx Study and teaching (Higher) Maybe?

EducationEducation

• ǂx Education 680 ǂi Use as a topical subdivision under names of

individual religions and monastic orders, and under individual Christian denominations, classes of persons, and ethnic groups.

• Education, Higher 360 ǂi subdivision ǂa Education (Higher) ǂi under classes of

persons and ethnic groups; and subdivision ǂa Study and teaching (Higher) ǂi under names of individual corporate bodies, names of places, ethnic groups, and topical headings

Miscellaneous headings - Women

• Ordination of women• Women church officers• Women religious leaders• Church work with women• Women in church work• Women in the Methodist Church• Women ǂx Religious aspects• Feminist theology• Womanist theology• Preaching to women• Sermons, American ǂx Women authors

Miscellaneous headings - ethnic aspects

• Asian American churches• Hispanic Americans ǂx Religion or Religious life• Church work with ... – must be established

• Can you think

of other options?

Miscellaneous headings - Science / Creation

• Religion and science• Bible and science• Creation (Theology about

the beginning of the world.)

• Natural theology (What we know about God without revelation/Bible)

Miscellaneous headings Miscellaneous headings - Science / Creation- Science / Creation

• Creationism 680 ǂi Here are entered works on the

doctrine that the universe was created by God out of nothing in the initial seven days of time and that all biological species were created rather than evolving from preexisting types through modifications in successive generations.

Miscellaneous headings Miscellaneous headings - Science / Creation- Science / Creation

• Evolution (Biology) ǂx Religious aspects ǂx Christianity.

• Physical sciences ǂx Religious aspects ǂx Christianity.

• NOT Christianity and science

Miscellaneous headingsMiscellaneous headings

If the title says "the gospel", perhaps use • Salvation ǂx Christianity• Grace (Theology)• Christianity ǂx Essence, genius, nature

Miscellaneous headingsMiscellaneous headings

• Evangelistic work– includes witness bearing, revivals, and other

methods

• Witness bearing (Christianity) – how to share ones personal faith, often one-on-

one.

• I don’t know of a good subject heading for books that are testimonies. Sometimes: Christian converts ǂv Biography fits.

Questions / Discussion