Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill...
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Transcript of Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill...
![Page 1: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Layouts and Lettering
Chapter 2
![Page 2: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives
• Identify six types of technical drawings based on the projection system they use
• Identify the line patterns used in technical drawings and describe how they are used
• Read and measure with the architect’s scale, engineer’s scale, and metric scale
![Page 3: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• Identify standard drawing media and sheet sizes
• Add lettering to a sketch• Fill in a standard title block with
the appropriate information• Lay out a drawing sheet
![Page 4: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Projections
• Behind every 2D drawing of an object is a space relationship involving the object and three “imagined” things:• The observer’s eye or station point• The plane of projection• The projectors
• Also called visual rays or lines of sight
![Page 5: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
• There are two main types of projection• Perspective projection – the
projectors come together at the station point• Perspective drawings represent objects
as we see them • Parallel projection – the projectors are
parallel
![Page 6: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types ofProjection
![Page 7: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
• Orthographic projections are a type of parallel projection• Orthographic (right angle) projections
have parallel projectors that are perpendicular to the plane of projection
• In orthographic projection objects can be presented at true size or scaled at a proportion of their true size
![Page 8: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
• Oblique projection – when projectors are parallel to each other but are at an angle other than 90 degrees to the plane of projection
![Page 9: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
• Technical drawings of 3D objects usually use one of four standard types of projection• Multiview • Axonometric (isometric)• Oblique• Perspective
![Page 10: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
• Multiview projection – shows one or more necessary views of an object• There are two systems used to arrange
the views:• Third angle projection• First angle projection
• Axonometric, oblique, and perspective sketches show objects pictorially
![Page 11: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types ofProjection
![Page 12: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Projection
![Page 13: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drawing Vocabulary
• Drawing lines – projected line drawings use specific line patterns to represent object features
• Lettering – the shapes of letters are described as part of drawing standards
• Measurement systems – both the metric system and U.S. customary units may be used
![Page 14: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drawing Vocabulary
• Scale – to clearly convey important information about particularly large or small objects, appropriate sheet size and scale must be selected
• Title blocks – company information, drawing scale, sheet size and other information is included in a standard title block
![Page 15: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Alphabet of Lines
• The meaning of each line on a technical drawing is indicated by its width and its particular line style
• All lines should be uniform in width and darkness
![Page 16: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
![Page 17: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Freehand Lines
• The main difference between a CAD drawing and a freehand sketch is in the appearance of lines
• Freehand lines show freedom and variety but, aside from construction lines, should be dark and clean
![Page 18: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Good and Poor Line Technique
![Page 19: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Measurement Systems
• U.S. Customary Units• Based on inch-foot and yard
measurements• Drawings with these units still follow
ANSI/ASME standards• Drawing units must be clearly stated
on the drawing
![Page 20: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Measurement Systems
• The metric system• This is the International System of
Units, commonly referred to as SI• The primary unit of measurement for
engineering drawings and design in the mechanical industries is the millimeter (mm)
• Secondary units are the meter (m) and kilometer (km)
![Page 21: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drawing Scale
• Drawing scale is the reduction or enlargement of the size of a drawn object relative to the real object• Scale is often determined on the size
of drawing sheet used• Scale is stated as a ratio of the
number of drawing units to the number of actual units
![Page 22: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Specifying the Scale on a Drawing• There are several acceptable
methods to note scale on a drawing• For example, a part that’s shown on
the paper at half its actual size, the scale may be listed in one of these ways:• SCALE 1:2• SCALE ½• SCALE .5
![Page 23: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Scales
• Scales are measuring tools used to quickly enlarge or reduce drawing measurements
• Types of scales include:• Metric• Engineers’ • Decimal• Mechanical engineers’• Architects’
![Page 24: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Lettering
• Lettered text is often necessary to describe an object or to provide detailed specifications
• Lettering should be legible, easy to create, and use appropriate styles
![Page 25: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Lettering
• The creation of neat freehand lettering has three necessary aspects:• Knowing the proportions and forms of
the letters• Spacing of letters and words for
legibility• Practice
![Page 26: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Lettering
• CAD drawings typically use a Gothic lettering style but often use a Roman style for titles
• When lettering a CAD drawing, it is advisable to not use more than two fonts within the same drawing for clarity
![Page 27: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Computer as a Drafting Tool• Most technical drawings are
created using CAD• Advantages of CAD include:
• Accuracy• Speed• The ability to present spatial and
visual information in a variety of ways
![Page 28: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Computer as a Drafting Tool• The advantages of CAD do not
eliminate the need for drawings to be easily and accurately interpreted
• The same general concepts and drafting standards apply to CAD as to drawings created by hand
![Page 29: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Sketching and Drawing Media• There are many media available
for sketching and drawing purposes including:• Sketch pads and notebooks• Grid paper• Isometric paper• Polyester film• Coated sheets of aluminum
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30Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Standard Sheet Sizes
![Page 31: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Standard Layout Elements
• Margins and borders• Zones• Typical letter sizes• Title block
![Page 32: Layouts and Lettering Chapter 2. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a302e4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Planning Your Drawing or Sketch• When laying out a drawing sheet
you will need to consider:• Size and scale of the object• Sheet size• Measurement system• Space necessary for notes and title
block