Layers of Learning Unit Mesopotamia, Maps, Globes, Planets, Cave Paintings

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Transcript of Layers of Learning Unit Mesopotamia, Maps, Globes, Planets, Cave Paintings

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L AYERS OF LEARNING

 Y EAR  ONE ● UNIT ONE

FIRST CIVILIZATIONS

M APS  AND GLOBES

PLANETSC AVE P AINTING

HooDoo PublishinUni!"# S!$!"s o% A&"'i($)*+,- L$."'s o% L"$'ninCo/i"s o% &$/s o' $(!i0i!i"s &$. b" &$#" %o' $ /$'!i(ul$' %$&il. o' (l$ss'oo&1

I% .ou 2ish !o '"/'o#u(" o' /'in! "3("'/!s o% !his /ubli($!ion4 /l"$s" (on!$(! us $!(on!$(!5l$."'s6o%6l"$'nin1(o& %o' /"'&ission1 Th$n7 .ou %o' '"s/"(!in (o/.'ih! l$2s1

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L AYERS OF LEARNING INTRODUCTION

This is /$'! o% $ s"'i"s o% uni!s in !h" L$."'s o% L"$'nin ho&"s(hool (u''i(ulu&4 in(lu#in !h"sub8"(!s o% his!o'.4 "o'$/h.4 s(i"n("4 $n# !h" $'!s1 Chil#'"n %'o& ,s! !h'ouh ,*!h ($n/$'!i(i/$!" in !h" s$&" (u''i(ulu& $! !h" s$&" !i&" 6%$&il. s(hool s!.l"1

Th" uni!s $'" in!"n#"# !o b" us"# in o'#"' $s !h" b$sis o% $ (o&/l"!" (u''i(ulu& 9on(" .ou $##in $ s.s!"&$!i( &$!h4 '"$#in4 $n# 2'i!in /'o'$&:1 You b"in 2i!h Y"$' , Uni! , no &$!!"' 2h$! $"s .ou' (hil#'"n $'"1 S/"n# $bou! * 2""7s on "$(h uni!1 You /i(7 $n# (hoos" !h"$(!i0i!i"s 2i!hin !h" uni! !h$! $//"$l !o .ou $n# '"$# !h" boo7s %'o& !h" boo7 lis! !h$! $'"$0$il$bl" !o .ou o' %in# o!h"'s on !h" s$&" !o/i( %'o& .ou' lib'$'.1 ;" hihl. '"(o&&"n#!h$! .ou us" !h" !i&"lin" in "0"'. his!o'. s"(!ion $s !h" b$(7bon"1 Th"n %l"sh ou! .ou'l"$'nin 2i!h '"$#in $n# $(!i0i!i"s !h$! hihlih! !h" !o/i(s .ou !hin7 $'" !h" &os! i&/o'!$n!1

 Al!"'n$!i0"l.4 .ou ($n us" !h" uni!s $s $(!i0i!. i#"$s !o su//l"&"n! $no!h"' (u''i(ulu& in $n.o'#"' .ou 2ish1 You ($n s!ill us" !h"& 2i!h $ll $"s o% (hil#'"n $! !h" s$&" !i&"1

 ;h"n .ou<0" %inish"# 2i!h Y"$' On"4 &o0" on !o Y"$' T2o4 Y"$' Th'""4 $n# Y"$' Fou'1 Th"n b"in $$in 2i!h Y"$' On" $n# 2o'7 .ou' 2$. !h'ouh !h" ."$'s $$in1 No2 .ou' (hil#'"n 2ill b" ol#"'4 '"$#in &o'" in0ol0"# boo7s4 $n# 2'i!in &o'" in #"/!h1 ;h"n .ou h$0"(o&/l"!"# !h" s"=u"n(" %o' !h" s"(on# !i&"4 .ou s!$'! $$in on i! %o' !h" !hi'# $n# %in$l !i&"1I% .ou' s!u#"n! b"$n 2i!h L$."'s o% L"$'nin in ,s! '$#" $n# s!$."# 2i!h i! $ll !h" 2$.!h'ouh sh" 2oul# o !h'ouh !h" %ou' ."$' 'o!$!ion !h'"" !i&"s4 %i'&l. ("&"n!in !h"in%o'&$!ion in h"' &in# in "0"' in('"$sin #"/!h1 A! "$(h l"0"l .ou shoul# "3/"(! in('"$sin$&oun!s o% ou!si#" '"$#in $n# 2'i!in1 Hih s(hool"'s in /$'!i(ul$' shoul# b" '"$#in"3!"nsi0"l.4 $n# i% /ossibl"4 /$'!i(i/$!in in #is(ussion 'ou/s1

☻☻☻Th"s" i(ons 2ill ui#" .ou in s/o!!in $(!i0i!i"s $n# boo7s !h$! $'" $//'o/'i$!" %o' !h"

$" o% (hil# .ou $'" 2o'7in 2i!h1 Bu! i% .ou !hin7 $n $(!i0i!. is !oo 8u0"nil" o' !oo #i%%i(ul! %o' .ou' 7i#s4 $#8us! $((o'#inl.1 Th" i(ons $'" no! !h"'" $s 'ul"s4 8us! ui#"s1 

☻GRADES ,6>☻GRADES ?6@☻GRADES 6,*

 ;i!hin "$(h uni! 2" sh$'"

• EPLORATIONS4 $(!i0i!i"s '"l$!in !o !h" !o/i(

• EPERIMENTS4 usu$ll. $sso(i$!"# 2i!h s(i"n(" !o/i(s

• EPEDITIONS4 %i"l# !'i/s

• EPLANATIONS4 !"$(h"' h"l/s o' "#u($!ion$l /hiloso/hi"s1

In !h" si#"b$'s 2" $lso in(lu#" A##i!ion$l L$."'s4 F$&ous Fol7s4 F$bulous F$(!s4 On !h" ;"b4$n# o!h"' "3!'$ '"l$!"# !o/i(s !h$! ($n !$7" .ou o%% on !$n"n!s4 "3/lo'in !h" 2o'l# $n# .ou'in!"'"s!s 2i!h $ bi! &o'" %'""#o&1 Th" (u''i(ulu& 2ill $l2$.s b" !h"'" !o /ull .ou b$(7 on!'$(7 2h"n .ou<'" '"$#.1

 You ($n l"$'n &o'" $bou! ho2 !o us" !his (u''i(ulu& $! 2221l$."'s6o%6l"$'nin1(o&l$."'s6o%6l"$'nin6/'o'$&

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

UNIT ONE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  GLOBES  AND M APS  PLANETS 6 C AVE P AINTINGS 

The world is so full of a number of things I'm sure we should all be as happy as kings.

-Robert Louis Stevenson

LIBRARY  LIST:

HI   S T  ORY 

S"$'(h %o' M"so/o!$&i$4 Su&"'4 !h" F"'!il" C'"s("n!4 Gil$&"sh4 U'4 Ziu'$!s4 $n#H$&&u'$bi1

☻☻☻M"so/o!$&i$  b. Phili/ S!""l"1 F'o& D /ublish"'s4 /$(7"# %ull o% /i(!u'"s4illus!'$!ions $n# in%o'&$!ion %o' &i##l" '$#"s $n# u/4 o' s7i& !h'ouh 2i!h $ .oun"'(hil#1

☻M"so/o!$&i$ b. $n" Shu!"'1 E3($0$!in !h" P$s! s"'i"s1

☻☻Th" Gol#"n S$n#$l b. R"b"(($ Hi(7o31 A Cin#"'"ll$ s!o'. %'o& !h" Mi##l" E$s!1

☻☻Th" Ci!. o% R$inbo2s b. $'"n Fos!"'1 R"6!"llin o% $n $n(i"n! !$l" %'o& Su&"'1Th" s"(on# h$l% o% !h" boo7 (on!$inin !h" "3/l$n$!ions o% !h" !$l" is "0"'. bi! $s 0$lu$bl" $n# 2o'!h2hil" $s !h" !$l" i!s"l%1 F$s(in$!in1

☻☻Gil$&"sh !h" in b. Lu#&il$ Z"&$n $ '"!"llin o% $n $n(i"n! !$l" %'o& Su&"'4!h" ol#"s! 7no2n 2'i!ins in !h" 2o'l#1 R"$# $lou#1 S"" !h" n"3! !2o 0olu&"s in !his!'ilo. $s 2"ll1

☻☻Gil$&"sh !h" H"'o b. G"'$l#in" M(C$uh'"$n1 A '"!"llin o% !h" $n(i"n! !$l"1Fo' &i##l" '$#"s $n# u/1

☻☻H$&&u'$bi B$b.loni$n Rul"' b. Ch'is!in" M$.%i"l# $n# 'is!in" M1 uinn1Bio'$/h. o% $n $n(i"n! Su&"'i$n in

☻Gil$&"sh b. D$0i# F"''.4 !'$nsl$!o'1 I!<s 2'i!!"n in 0"'s" $n# ($n b" #i%%i(ul!4 bu!i!<s no! lon1 Us" $ ui#" boo7 !o "! !h'ouh i!1

 GE  O GRA P HY 

S"$'(h %o' Glob"s4 &$/s4 &$/ /'o8"(!ions4 h"&is/h"'"s

☻☻M$/s $n# Glob"s b. $(7 no2l!on4 ou' %$0o'i!" "o'$/h. 2'i!"' %o' 7i#s1 ;"lo0" !h" illus!'$!ions b. H$''i"! B$'!&$nJ

☻☻M. ;o'l# $n# Glob" b. I'$ ;ol%&$n1 In(lu#"s $n in%l$!$bl" lob" 2i!h onl. !h" b$'" bon"s /lus #oK"ns o% s!i(7"'s $n# $ &$i( &$'7"' !o (us!o&iK" $n# /"'son$liK"1

☻☻Hu&/!. Du&/!. S$! on !h" Glob" b. F"'".#oun i$n1 S!o'i"s !h$! h"l/ 7i#s l"$'n

!h" sh$/"s o% (oun!'i"s $n# (on!in"n!s 2i!h "$s. $n# %un &"&o'. #"0i("s1 A 2on#"'%ulin!'o#u(!ion !o i0" 7i#s $ %$&ili$'i!. 2i!h ou' 2o'l#1 G'"$! %o' .oun 7i#s 9$n# !h"i'/$'"n!s:1

☻☻☻G"o'$/h. Sons b. L$''. $n# $!h. T'o3"l1 Us" %o' $ll %ou' ."$'s $s 2""3/lo'" (on!in"!s $n# (oun!'i"s $'oun# !h" lob"1 Bi $i# in &"&o'iKin1

☻☻Th" T$'=uin Glob" b. G"'$l# "n7ins $n# M$#$l"n B"$'1 A /$/"' &o#"l o% $lob" .ou ($n bu. $n# /u! !o"!h"'1 P"'%"(! %o' ol#"' 7i#s 2ho "n8o. #oin /'o8"(!s 2i!h!h"i' h$n#s1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

 S  C I  E  N C E 

S"$'(h %o' Pl$n"!s4 s/$("4 sol$' s.s!"& 

☻Sol$' S.s!"& %'o& Gol#"n Boo7s1 A si&/l" %i's! loo7 $! !h" Sol$' S.s!"& %o' .oun7i#s1

☻M. Pl$(" in S/$(" b. Robin $n# S$ll. Hi's!1 A 2i!!. loo7 $! 2h"'" 2" li0" in !h"

uni0"'s$l s(h"&" o% !hins1☻☻Bill N." !h" S(i"n(" Gu. Pl$n"!s &o0i"1 En!"'!$inin $n# %un %o' 7i#s %'o& /'"6s(hool"'s !h'ouh &i##l" s(hool

☻☻E."2i!n"ss Pl$n"!s &o0i"1 A&$Kin ($&"'$ 2o'7 $n# '"$! in%o'&$!ion %'o& !hiss"'i"s o% &o0i"s1

☻☻Th" M$i( S(hool Bus Los! in !h" Sol$' S.s!"& b. o$nn$ Col"1 I% .ou bu. on" boo7 on !h" sol$' s.s!"&4 !his on" shoul# b" i!1 En!"'!$inin4 '"$! illus!'$!ions4 $n#$2"so&" in%o'&$!ion %o' .oun 7i#s1

☻☻Ou' Sol$' S.s!"& b. S".&ou' Si&on1 A !ho'ouh4 bu! 7i#6%'i"n#l. loo7 $! !h"sol$' s.s!"&1 Si&on $lso h$s in#i0i#u$l boo7s $bou! "$(h on" o% !h" /l$n"!s !h$! $'""3("ll"n!1 

☻☻Ho2 !h" Uni0"'s" ;o'7s b. H"$!h"' Cou/"' $n# Ni"l H"nb"s! %'o& R"$#"'<sDi"s!1 Con!$ins !ons o% in%o'&$!ion $n# $&$Kin $#0$n("# /'o8"(!s !o b" us"#!h'ouhou! !h" $s!'ono&. s"(!ion

☻ A B'i"% His!o'. o% Ti&" b. S!"/h"n H$27in1 A /o/ul$' l"0"l boo7 on $s!'ono&. b.on" o% !h" /'"&i"' $s!'ono&"'/h.si(is!s in !h" 2o'l#1 G"! !h" illus!'$!"# 0"'sion i% .ou($n1 

☻On !h" R"0olu!ions o% !h" H"$0"nl. S/h"'"s b. Ni(hol$s Co/"'ni(us1 This is !h" boo7!h$! ($us"# su(h $n ou!('. %'o& !h" (hu'(h #u'in !h" R"n$iss$n("1

T HE A RT  S 

S"$'(h %o' ($0" /$in!ins4 L$s($u3

☻Th" S"('"! C$0"  b. E&il. A'nol# M(Cull.1 Ano!h"' s!o'. o% ho2 L$s($u3 ($0" 2$s%oun#1 Th" illus!'$!ions in !his boo7 $'" 2o'7s o% $'! in !h"&s"l0"s1

☻Th" C$0" P$in!"' o% L$s($u3 b. Rob"'!$ An"l"!!i1 A s(hool i'l "!s los! on $ ui#"#!ou' o% !h" ($0"s $n# "!s $ /"'son$l !ou' %'o& $n $(!u$l ($0" &$n1 Pi(!u'" boo71

☻☻Dis(o0"'. in !h" C$0"  b. M$'7 Dubo2s7i1 A l"0"l > "$s. '"$#"'4 #"s('ibin !h"#is(o0"'. o% !h" L$s($u3 ($0"1

☻☻ A'! E3/l$in"# %'o& D1 Co0"'s !h" 2hol" s(o/" o% !h" hu&$n $'! "n#"$0o' %'o&$n(i"n! !i&"s !h'ouh &o#"'n $'!1 Us" !his boo7 !h'ouh $ll %ou' ."$'s1

☻☻P$in!"'s o% !h" C$0"s b. P$!'i(i$ L$ub"'1 F'o& N$!ion$l G"o'$/hi(4 !h" b"s! /$'!o% !his boo7 is !h" %ull (olo' /i(!u'"s on "0"'. /$"1 

☻Th" C$0" P$in!"'s b. G'"o'. Cu'!is1 Fo' hih s(hool $n# $#ul!s4 #is(uss"s !h"

 0$'ious !h"o'i"s $bou! !h" 2h.s $n# 2h"'"%o'"s o% $n(i"n! Eu'o/"$n ($0" $'!1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

History: First CivilizationsTh" %$'&s o% M"so/o!$&i$ $n# !h" F"'!il" C'"s("n! &$. o'

&$. no! h$0" b""n !h" %i's! on "$'!h4 bu! !h". $'" on" o% !h""$'li"s! /l$("s 2h"'" 2" 7no2 %o' su'" !h$! (i0iliK$!ion %lou'ish"#1

Th" F"'!il" C'"s("n! is !h" $'"$ b"!2""n !h" Ti'is $n#Eu/h'$!"s Ri0"'s "3!"n#in u/ no'!h $n# !h"n (u'0in b$(7 sou!h$lon !h" M"#i!"''$n"$n in 2h$! is no2 Is'$"l1 A'(h$"olois!s!hin7 !his &$. b" $ /l$(" o% 0"'. "$'l. (i0iliK$!ion4 2hi(h &"$ns $/l$(" 2h"'" /"o/l" %i's! s"!!l"# #o2n $n# buil! ho&"s1 Si!u$!"# b"!2""n !h" Ti'is $n# !h" Eu/h'$!"s Ri0"'s 2h"'" !h"'" 2$s/l"n!. o% %'"sh 2$!"'4 i! 2$s $n i#"$l /l$(" %o' %$'&in $n#s!$'!in $ bu##in so(i"!. o% /"o/l"1 A! %i's!4 $s (i!i"s b"$n !o'o2 !h". 2"'" in#"/"n#"n! (i!. s!$!"s1 E$(h (i!.4 !o"!h"' 2i!h

!h" su''oun#in (oun!'.si#"4 2$s i!s o2n (oun!'.1 Th" !2o"$'li"s! loos"l. uni!"# (oun!'i"s !h$! 2" 7no2 o% in !h"M"so/o!$&i$n $'"$ 2"'" Su&"' in !h" sou!h $n# A77$# in !h"no'!h1 Th". %ouh! b$(7 $n# %o'!h b"!2""n "$(h o!h"' %o'("n!u'i"s un!il %in$ll. Su&"' o0"'($&" A77$#1 Su&"'4 in !u'n4 2$s o0"''un b. !h" A&&o'i!"s 2ho 2"'" o0"''un b. !h"B$b.loni$ns $n# so on !h'ouh his!o'.1 On" n$!ion h$s 2$''"#$$ins! $no!h"'4 $n# on" n$!ion $%!"' $no!h"' h$s %$ll"n $n# i0"n 2$. !o !h" n"3!1

Map of t! F!rtil!Cr!s"!nt R!#ion

Th" F"'!il" C'"s("n! is $'"ion in ;"s!"'n Asi$1I! is si!u$!"# b"!2""n !h"&oun!$ins o% A'$bi$ !o!h" no'!h $n# !h"

 A'$bi$n D"s"'! !o !h"sou!h1

T!a"in# Tip

S!$'! $ no!"boo7 !o 7""/ .ou' /'o8"(!s in1 In(lu#"!$bs l$b"l"# His!o'.4G"o'$/h.4 S(i"n("4;'i!in4 $n# A'! Musi(1

Fa$%lo%s Fa"t

M"so/o!$&i$ns in0"n!"#$ nu&b"' s.s!"& b$s"#on !h" nu&b"' +1 ;"#i0i#" ou' hou's in!o +&inu!"s $n# ou' &inu!"sin!o + s"(on#s b"($us"o% !h" M"so/o!$&i$ns1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

Ho2 #o $ bun(h o% in#"/"n#"n! %$&il. o' !'ib$l 'ou/s b"6(o&" $ (i!. $n# !h"n $ n$!ionQ Fi's!4 .ou h$0" !o %in# $ oo#/l$(" 2h"'" .ou ($n s!$. $n# %$'& %oo# ."$' $%!"' ."$'1 Th$!&"$ns .ou n""# 2$!"'1 Th" "$'li"s! (i0iliK$!ions 2"'" %oun# n"$'%'"sh 2$!"'1 Th" %i's! %$'&s 2"'" &$#" /ossibl" b"($us" o% !h"s"

 2$!"' sou'("s $n# !h" %i's! %$'&"'s '"$liKin ho2 !o (oll"(! s""#s4/l$n! $n# ($'" %o' !h"&4 $n# /'o#u(" $ (onsis!"n! h$'0"s!1 Th".$lso buil! $ s.s!"& o% ($n$ls !o ($''. !h" 2$!"' !o !h" %i"l#s1 N"3!4 .ou n""# !"(hnolo. $#0$n("# "nouh !o $llo2 .ou !o /'o#u("&o'" %oo# !h$n .ou' %$&il. ($n us" $lon"1 You n""# i''i$!ion4/lo2s4 s(.!h"s4 2h""ls4 $n# so on1 I% !h"'" is "3!'$ %oo#4 !h"n no!"0"'.bo#. h$s !o b" $ %$'&"' $n.&o'"1 So&" /"o/l" ($n b" 2"$0"'s 2hil" o!h"'s ($n b" s('ib"s1 So&" /"o/l" ($n &$7" 8"26"l'. o' 2"$/ons o' !ools4 $n# o!h"'s ($n !'$#" 2i!h n"ihbo'in(i!i"s1 All !hos" /"o/l" li0in so (los" !o"!h"' ($n ($us" /'ob6l"&s !houh1 P'"!!. soon .ou h$0" !hi"0"s o' #ishon"s! busin"ss6

&"n4 $n# so .ou n""# $ o0"'n&"n! !o &$7" 'ul"s $n# /unish 2'on#o"'s1 B"%o'" .ou 7no2 i! .ou h$0" $ (i!. s!$!"1

Su&"'i$ns 2"'" /'ob$bl. 0"'. &u(h li7" A&"'i($ns $'"!o#$.4 bu! 2i!h #i%%"'"n! s!u%%1 Th". 2o'7"# $n# /l$."#4 h$#%$&ili"s4 $n# 7n"2 bo!h 'i"% $n# 8o.1 Th". li0"# in "i!h"' '""#hu!s o' in &u# b'i(7 ho&"s1 Th". l"$'n"# !o 2'i!" $n# '"(o'#!h"i' !houh!s %o' o!h"'s !o '"$#1 Th". 2'o!" '"(o'#s o% ho2&$n. $ni&$ls 2"'" sol#4 ho2 &u(h !h". /$i# in !$3"s4 o' ho2 bi!h"i' ('o/ 2$s1 Th". $lso 2'o!" #o2n /o"&s $n# s!o'i"s $n# n"2

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L"$'n &o'" $bou!$'(h"olo. $n# ho2 2"7no2 so &u(h $bou! !h"

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 # mosai! from &r showing everyday life.

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

$'"$s b'o2n1 Th" '""n '"/'"s"n!s l$n# i''i$!"# b. !h" 'i0"' $n#!h" b'o2n is $'i# l$n#1 No!" !h$! so&" o% !h" $'"$s .ou<ll (olo' b'o2n $'" $(!u$ll. i''i$!"# $n# us"# %o' %$'& l$n#4 bu! !h$! .ou$'" hihlih!in !h" %"'!il" ('"s("n! in /$'!i(ul$'1

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u" on $n# 2'i!" $ s!o'.$bou! .ou' su/"'h"'o 2h"n .ou<'" %inish"# 2i!h .ou' (h$'$(!"'s7"!(h1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

Tale of Gilgamesh

The great hero Gilgamesh king of re!h was handsome andstrong but he was also !ruel and tyranni!al over the people ofhis !ity. The people of the !ity begged the gods for help and they

sent nkidu a man of enormous strength to !ontend withGilgamesh. nkidu met Gilgamesh and they fought a mightybattle whi!h Gilgamesh won. $ut instead of be!oming enemiesthe two be!ame friends. They traveled over the world togethersear!hing for adventure. They killed (umumba the fire-breathing guardian of the !edar forest. They killed the $ull of (eaven. $ut the gods were angry with them for this and theyde!ided that nkidu must die to pay for his sin. Gilgameshsorrowed for his friend and feared death himself. (e went on a)uest to dis!over the se!ret to immortality. #fter manyadventures he finally found the se!ret in a thorny fragrant plant

of youth that !ould be found only on the bottom of the sea.Gilgamesh retrieved the plant but on his way home a snakeswallowed the plant and so Gilgamesh's )uest had been in vain.

T'. i! .ou's"l%1 G"! $ /i"(" o% (l$. o' /l$. #ouh $n# %l$!!"n i!in!o $ sh""!1 Us" $ !hin s!i(74 li7" $ s7"2"'4 $ !oo!h/i(74 o' $ ('$%!s!i(7 !o 2'i!" 2i!h on !h" (l$.1 Su&"'i$ns &$#" &$'7s b./'"ssin !h" "#" o% !h" '""# in!o !h" (l$. ins!"$# o% !'.in !o#'$ !h" '""# $('oss !h" (l$.1 C$n .ou !"ll 2h. !h". us"# !his&"!ho#Q A%!"' !h" s('ib" 2$s #on" 2'i!in !h". %i'"# 9o' #'i"#:!h" (l$.4 &$7in i! /"'&$n"n!1 Thous$n#s o% !h"s" (l$. !$bl"!sh$0" b""n #is(o0"'"# in 2h$! is no2 I'$=1 Mos! o% !h" 2'i!in

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us" sin$!u'"s1 P'$(!i(" .ou' sin$!u'"1E0"'.on" h$s $ uni=u" 2$. o% sinin !h"i'n$&"4 i! is so&"!hin!h$! is 8us! .ou's1P'$(!i(" un!il .ou "! i! 8us! !h" 2$. .ou li7" i!1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

(onsis!s o% lis!s $n# $((oun!s4 bu! !h"'" h$0" $lso b""n '"(i/"s$n# s!o'i"s %oun#1 Th" &os! %$&ous s!o'. is !h" Tale ofGilgamesh %'o& Su&"'1

E&'LANATION: *rit!r+s Not!$oo, 

Gi0" "$(h s!u#"n! $ 2'i!"'<s no!"boo71 This is no!"boo7 !h". ($nus" !o 8o! #o2n !houh!s4 2'i!" i#"$s4 &$7" (h$'$(!"' s7"!(h"s4('"$!" s!o'i"s4 $n# 8us! s!$'! 2'i!inJ Th" s/"llin $n# '$&&$'#on<! n""# !o b" /"'%"(! in !his no!"boo71 I! is $bou! i#"$s4 no!/olish"# 2o'71 ;'i!"'s &$. 2$n! !o #"(o'$!" !h" (o0"'s o% !h"i'no!"boo7 !o '"%l"(! !h"&s"l0"s1 E0"'.on" shoul# h$0" on" $n#us" i! n"$'l. "0"'.#$.1 Don<! b" $%'$i# !o 2'i!" in $ll #i%%"'"n! 2$.s66 2'i!" (u''"n! "0"n!s4 8o! #o2n $ '"(i/"4 2'i!" !h" l.'i(s !o $son1 Loo7 b$(7 !h'ouh i! o%!"n !o "! i#"$s %o' o!h"' 2'i!in .ou 2$n! !o #o1 T$/" /ho!os o' #'$2 /i(!u'"s in i!1 Doo#l"4 ('ossou!4 &$7" lis!s4 s('ibbl"1 M$7" i! .ou's1

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 Yu(74 'ih!Q I ($n<! "! /$s! !h" B$b. Go$! /$'!4 bu! !h"n $$in4I h$0" &. (hoi(" o% &"$!s $! !h" &"$! (oun!"'1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

#"'""s %o' -+ &inu!"s1

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shared under li!ense

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

li!"'$ll. b" !h" ho&"s o% !h"i' o#s1 Th". 2"'" usu$ll. buil! on $hill o' in $ (ons/i(uous /l$(" 2i!hin !h" (i!. so "0"'.on" (oul# s""$n# $#&i'" !h" Kiu'$!4 !h"i' &os! i&/o'!$n! buil#in1 Th"!"&/l" 2$s !h" s&$ll"s! buil#in $! !h" !o/ o% !h" Ziu'$!1 M$7"$ &o#"l Ziu'$! %'o& (l$.1 Al!"'n$!"l.4 .ou (oul# us" su$'

(ub"s4 &il7 ($'!ons4 o' S!.'o%o$& !o buil# 2i!h1

☻☻E&'LORATION: Cylin(!r S!alsTo &$7" $ #o(u&"n! o%%i(i$l4 ins!"$# o% sinin !h"i' n$&"4 !h"

$n(i"n! /"o/l" o% M"so/o!$&i$ s"$l"# !h" #o(u&"n! o' l"!!"' 2i!h $ s"$l 2hi(h !h". 2oul# /'"ss in!o !h" s!ill 2"! (l$.1 A! %i's!!h". us"# s&$ll s=u$'" o' oblon s"$ls1 L$!"' !h". b"$n !o us"(.lin#"' s"$ls !h$! (oul# b" 'oll"# on!o !h" 2"! (l$. ins!"$# o%/'"ss"#1

To &$7" .ou' o2n s=u$'" sh$/"# s"$l4 (u! $ b$' o% so$/ in!o si3"=u$l /i"("s1 E$(h s"$l us"s on" /i"(" o% !h" so$/1 Us" $!oo!h/i(7 !o ($'0" $ #"sin in!o !h" so$/1 You ($n &$7" si3#i%%"'"n! #"sins4 on" %o' "$(h si#" o% !h" so$/1 R"&"&b"' !h$!!h" #"sin 2ill (o&" ou!

o//osi!"4 so %o'& l"!!"'s b$(72$'#1 P'"ss .ou' s"$l in!o/l$. #ouh o' s$l! #ouh1 

To &$7" $ (.lin#"' sh$/"# s"$l4'oll s$l! #ouh in!o $ s&$ll(.lin#"' !h"n ($'0" .ou'#"sin in!o !h" #ouh1 Allo2 i!!o #'. %o' $ (ou/l" o% #$.s1

,-

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L"$'n ho2 /.'$&i#s!'u(!u'"s h$0" b""nus"# $ll o0"' !h" 2o'l# in

#i%%"'"n! (ul!u'"s %o'#i%%"'"n! !hins1

 You &ih! (h"(7 ou!E./!i$n P.'$&i#s4M$.$n P.'$&i#s4&o#"'n /.'$&i#s $n#&o'"1

This /.'$&i# is %'o&In#on"si$1

Fa$%lo%s Fa"t

This s!$!u" is $ 2o'shi/"'1 H" 2$s/l$("# n"$' !h" !"&/l" !o

'"/'"s"n! !h" /"'/"!u$l/'$."'s o% his o2n"'1

Con0"ni"n!4 "hQ ;h"'" 2oul# li7" !o /"'/"!u$ll.h$0" .ou' /'"s"n(" 2i!hou! $(!u$ll. h$0in!o b" !h"'"Q

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

Th"n .ou ($n us" .ou' s"$l !o /u! .ou' sin$!u'" on o!h"' 2"!(l$. !$bl"!s &$#" o% s$l! #ouh1

S$l! Douh, (1 s$l!

, (1 %lou' (1 2$!"'

Mi3 !h" %lou' $n# s$l! !o"!h"'1 A## 2$!"' $n# 7n"$# !o"!h"'1 You ($n $## %oo# (olo'in o' s("n!s !o &$7" i! &o'" %un1 You ($n$lso $llo2 i! !o $i' #'. %o' $ h$'#4 /"'&$n"n! &o#"l1

☻☻☻E&'LORATION: Ni",na)!sM"so/o!$&i$ 2$s $ l$n# !h$! h$s b""n i0"n &$n. ni(7n$&"s1I!<s ($ll"# Th" L$n# B"!2""n T2o Ri0"'s4 Th" F"'!il"C'"s("n!4 $n# Th" C'$#l" o% ;"s!"'n Ci0iliK$!ion1 E$(h

ni(7n$&" 2$s s.&boli( $n# /$(7"# 2i!h &"$nin1 Dis(uss 2h$!"$(h o% !h"s" ni(7n$&"s &"$ns $n# ho2 !h". #"s('ib" !h" $'"$1O0"' !h" ("n!u'i"s n$&"s h$0" o%!"n '"%l"(!"# &"$nin1 Th"N$!i0" A&"'i($n /"o/l"s 2"'" 7no2n %o' i0in n$&"s !h$!'"/'"s"n!"# !h"i' /"'son$li!i"s 9li7" P"$("%ul H"$'! o' Fi"'(" ;$''io': ;h$! 2oul# b" $ %i!!in ni(7n$&" %o' .ouQ ;h.Q You(oul# $lso !hin7 o% ni(7n$&"s %o' .ou' /"!4 ($'4 ho&"4 (i!.4 o's!$!"1 ;'i!" $bou! .ou' ni(7n$&"s in .ou' 2'i!"'<s no!"boo71

☻☻E&'LORATION: M%( Bri",sM$n. $n(i"n! ho&"s 2"'" &$#" o% si&/l" &u# b'i(7s1 You ($n

&$7" .ou' o2n1 us! s$0" !h" '$ss (li//ins !h" n"3! !i&" .ou&o2 .ou' l$2n1 G"! $ bu(7"! $n# &i3 '$ss (li//ins4 #i'!4 $n#"nouh 2$!"' !o !u'n !h" #i'! in!o &u#1 Mi3 !h"& $ll !o"!h"'$n# %o'& !h"& in!o * in(h '"(!$nul$' blo(7s1 S"! !h"& ou! !o#'. in !h" sun1 Th". 2ill h$'#"n in!o /"'%"(! buil#in blo(7s %o'('"$!in $ &ini$!u'" ho&"1

☻☻☻E&'LORATION: Inv!ntions For Sal!Th" Su&"'i$ns 2ho li0"# in M"so/o!$&i$ 2"'" /'"!!. s&$'!%ol7s1 Th". in0"n!"# $ lo! o% '"$ll. us"%ul !hins !h$! h"l/"# !h"&in !h"i' "0"'.#$. li0"s1 Th" 2h""l4 s$ilbo$!s4 %'.in /$ns4 &usi($l

,>

Fa)o%s Fol,s

Enh"#u$nn$ 2$s !h"#$uh!"' o% S$'on4 2ho 2$s 7in o% !h" A77$#i$n

E&/i'"1 Sh" 2$s $lso $hih /'i"s!"ss1 Sh""n(ou'$"# h"' /"o/l" !o 2o'shi/ !h" o##"ssIn$nn$ sh" 2'o!" h.&nsin hono' o% In$nn$1

Enh"#u$nn$ 2$s !h" %i's! 2'i!"' !o in(lu#" h"'n$&" 2i!h h"' 2'i!ins1B"($us" 2" 7no2 h"' b.n$&"4 sh" is so&"!i&"s

!houh! o% $s !h" %i's!$u!ho' $n# /o"! in !h" 2o'l#1 Sh" !ol# $bou!h"' o2n li%" in !h" h.&nssh" 2'o!" $s 2"ll1

On t! *!$

 ;$!(h M'1 G'""nhu&o'ousl. #o $ =ui(7o0"'0i"2 o%

M"so/o!$&i$1h!!/.ou!u1b"sohP3 ZY 

Th"'" is $ n$7"# D$0i#s!$!u" %"$!u'"#$n$(h'onis!i($ll. $n# $#'$2in o% /"o/l"4 .ou7no24 in b"#1 P'"0i"21

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

ins!'u&"n!s4 7ilns 9us"# %o' b$7in b'i(7s $n# /o!s:4 !ools &$#"o% b'onK"4 /lo2s4 &$7"6u/4 $n# '$Ko's $ll o% !h"s" 2"'"in0"n!"# b. !h" $n(i"n! Su&"'i$ns1 Choos" on" o% !h"s"in0"n!ions $n# &$7" $n $#0"'!is"&"n! s"llin !h" n"2 /'o#u(!1H$0" %un $n# us" .ou' i&$in$!ion1 You ($n #o $ /'in!"# $# o'

$(! ou! $ (o&&"'(i$l1 

☻☻☻E&'LORATION: M!sopota)ian M%ralM$7" $ 2$ll &u'$l o% $n(i"n! M"so/o!$&i$ sho2in 0$'ious$s/"(!s o% !h"i' so(i"!.1 R"liion (oul# b" '"/'"s"n!"# b. /'i"s!s$n# $ Kiu'$!1 In0"n!ions (oul# b" '"/'"s"n!"# b. s$ilbo$!s4 $/lo24 $ 2h""l4 %'.in /$ns4 '$Ko's4 h$'/s4 $ 7iln4 $n# b'onK" !ools1 A 7in o' (l$. !$bl"!s 2i!h l$2s 2'i!!"n on !h"& (oul# '"/'"s"n!o0"'n&"n!1 You &ih! #'$2 i! b"!2""n !2o 'i0"'s !o '"/'"s"n!!h" "o'$/hi( lo($!ion1 Finish !h" &u'$l 2i!h /"o/l" 2o'7in$n# /l$.in 2i!hin !h"i' (i0iliK$!ion1

E&'LANATION: *ritin# an( NarrationR"&"&b"' !o %ollo2 u/ "0"'. uni! s"(!ion b. 2'i!in $bou! 2h$! 2$s l"$'n"#1 Youn 7i#s ($n #'$2 $ /i(!u'" $n# !"ll $ n$''$!ion1Ol#"' 7i#s ($n 2'i!" $ /$'$'$/h !o $ /$"1 B. hih s(hool !h"'"shoul# b" (o&/l"!" "ss$.s1 Th"'" is $lso $ (olo'in sh""!in(lu#"# 2i!h "$(h his!o'. s"(!ion %o' .oun 7i#s 2ho $'"n<!'"$#. %o' 2'i!in1 You ($n 7""/ $ll o% .ou' his!o'. 2'i!ins!o"!h"' in o'#"' !o ('"$!" .ou' o2n s!o'. o% !h" his!o'. o% ou' 2o'l#1

,?

 A((itional Lay!r

Th" n$!ion n"3! #oo' !oSu&"'4 in !h" "$s!4 2$s($ll"# El$&1 I! 2$s/'"!!. &u(h $s /o2"'%ul$n# $s $#0$n("# $sSu&"'4 bu! no on" "0"'

!$l7s $bou! El$&1

H"'" is 2h"'" El$& issi!u$!"# $lon !h"

"$s!"'n sho'" o% !h"P"'si$n Gul%1

 You ($n '"$# u/ on i! $ bi! $! ;i7i/"#i$ o' in$no!h"' "n(.(lo/"#i$1

On t! *!$

 ;$!(h !his sho'! 0i#"oin!'o#u(!ion !oM"so/o!$&i$

h!!/0i#"o1n$!ion$l"o'$/hi(1(o&0i#"o7i#s/"o/l"6/l$("s67i#si'$=6

&"so/o!$&i$67i#s

On t! *!$

 Visi! !h" B'i!ishMus"u&<s M"so/o!$&i$si!"1

h!!/2221&"so/o!$&i$1(o1u7 

 *ost of our mural was a!ademi! but you'll noti!e that my son took some!reative li!ense and added /o! 0!k from Spiderman. #h well.

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

1EO1RA'HY : M A'S  AN. 1LOBES

Glob"s $'" !h" &os! $((u'$!" &o#"ls o% !h" "$'!h4 bu! !h".

h$0" !h"i' #'$2b$(7s !oo1 Th".<'" '"$ll. !ouh !o "! in!o .ou'lo0" (o&/$'!&"n!4 !h". $'" !oo s&$ll !o sho2 !h" s!'""!s in .ou'!o2n o' "0"n !h" &$8o' hih2$.s in .ou' (oun!'.4 $n# !h".<'" bul7. !o s!o'"1 Glob"s $'" %$s(in$!in !o s"$'(h $n# "3/lo'"!houh1 T$7" !i&" !o 8us! loo74 !ou(h4 s/in i!4 $n# !u'n i! u/si#"#o2n1

 A &$/ is $ %l$! #'$2in !h$! '"/'"s"n!s $ '"$l /l$(" on"$'!h1 Al&os! "0"'.bo#. "n8o.s loo7in $! $ oo# &$/1 Th".<'"no! onl. !ools4 bu! !h".<'" $lso o%!"n $'!1 Th" ol#"s! &$/s 2"7no2 o% $'" no! !"''ibl. $((u'$!" "o'$/hi($ll. s/"$7in1 Th". 2oul# o%!"n b" 'ouhl. (o''"(! in !h"i' /l$("&"n! o% hih2$.s$n# (i!i"s4 bu! !h". $lso in(lu#"# lo!s o% s!o'.!"llin o'"&b"llish&"n!1 Mons!"'s 2oul# b" #'$2n $lon !h" &$'ins o'

#""/ !'"$(h"'ous 0$ll".s 2oul# b" "3$"'$!"# !o 2$'n /"o/l"o%%1 Th" un7no2n 2oul# b" s/"(ul$!"# $bou!4 bu! %'o& !h" b"innin4 s.&bols h$0" b""n us"# on &$/s !o '"/'"s"n! '"$l!hins1 On &o#"'n &$/s !h" s.&bols $'" "3/l$in"# in $ 7".1 I!<sli7" $ s"('"! (o#"4 2i!h !h" !'$nsl$!ion i0"n so $n.on" 2ho 2$n!s!o ($n '"$# i!1

 An(i"n! &$/s #i#n<! sho2 !h" 2hol" "$'!h o' "0"n $ 0"'.l$'" /o'!ion o% i!1 A((u'$!" &$/s o% !h" 2hol" 2o'l# h$0" onl.

,

 A((itional Lay!r An $!l$s is $ boo7 o%&$/s1 Th"'" 2"'" !2o&.!hi($l %iu'"s n$&"# A!l$s !h$! h$0" b""n$sso(i$!"# 2i!h boo7s o%&$/s1 Th" %i's! 2$s in A!l$s 2ho su//os"#l.&$#" !h" %i's! ("l"s!i$llob"1 Th" s"(on# 2$s $G'""7 &.!holoi($l

%iu'" 2ho 2$s /unish"# b. Z"us $n# !ol# h" 2oul# %o'"0"' h$0" !ohol# !h" 2"ih! o% !h"h"$0"ns on his b$(71

 #tlas from a photo taken by uan de 1o2nikov.

E2plor! An Atlas

Loo7 !h'ouh $n $!l$s  2i!h .ou' (hil#1 I! 2oul# b" $ oo# i#"$ !o/u'(h$s" $ s!u#"n! $!l$s!o us" !h'ouhou! !h"i's(hool ."$'s1 Poin! ou!ho2 !h" $!l$s iso'$niK"# $n# %in# !h"7". o' l""n# on s"0"'$l&$/s1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

 b""n /'o#u("# in !h" l$s! hun#'"# ."$'s1 Un!il 2" (oul# $(!u$ll.s"" !h" "$'!h %'o& $bo0"4 %i's! %'o& b$lloons $n# $i'/l$n"s4 $n#!h"n %'o& s$!"lli!"s in s/$("4 2" (oul#n<! #'$2 $ /"'%"(! /i(!u'" o% 2h$! 2$s b"lo21 D'$2in !h" "$'!h $s i! '"$ll. is is s!ill(h$ll"nin !houh4 b"($us" &$/s $'" %l$! $n# !h" "$'!h is no!1

C$'!o'$/h"'s4 o' &$/ &$7"'s4 us" #i%%"'"n! /'o8"(!ions4 o'&"!ho#s o% s=uishin $ 'oun# "$'!h on!o $ %l$! /i"(" o% /$/"' !o&$7" &$/s $s $((u'$!" $s /ossibl"1 Th" /'o8"(!ion !h". us"#"/"n#s on 2h$! !h" &$/ is us"# %o'1 Th" !h'"" 7in#s o%/'o8"(!ions $'" (.lin#'i($l4 $Ki&u!h$l4 $n# (oni(1

☻☻☻E&'LORATION: 1!ttin# To 3no/ T! 1lo$!Usin $ lob"4 i#"n!i%.

• l$n# $n# o("$ns

• h"&is/h"'"s no'!h4 sou!h4 2"s!4 "$s!

/ol"s• "=u$!o'4 $'(!i( (i'(l"s4 !'o/i( (i'(l"s

•  .ou' lo($!ion on !h" lob"

Fo' ol#"' s!u#"n!s

• $n$l"&&$ %iu'" @ sh$/" !h$! sho2s !h" /'o("ssion o% !h"sun in '"l$!ion !o "$'!h

• in!"'n$!ion$l #$!" lin"

• + #"'"" lin" o% loni!u#"

• (o&/$ss 'os"

• 7". o' l""n#

• s($l"• &$n"!i( no'!h $n# &$n"!i( sou!h /ol"s

☻☻E&'LORATION: .ra/ Yo%r O/n 1lo$!In%l$!" $ 'oun# b$lloon4 on" %o' "$(h (hil# $n# on" %o' !h"!"$(h"'1 ;hi!" o' lih! blu" (olo'"# b$lloons 2ill 2o'7 b"s!1 Gi0""0"'.on" $ s"! o% &$'7"'s in !h" b$si( (olo's1 I% .ou<# li7" !h" b$lloon !o s!$n# u/ $n $#ul! ($n (u! $n in $ /i"(" o% %l$!($'#bo$'# 2i!h $ 7ni%" $n# /ull !h" !i"# s/ou! o% !h" b$lloon!h'ouh !h" so !h" b$lloon 2ill s!$. in /l$(" on !h" ($'#bo$'#1

 As $ 'ou/ .ou $'" oin !o &$7" $ lob" o% .ou' o2n1,1 D'$2 !h" (on!in"n!s 9i!<s o7$. i% !h".<'" /'"!!. 'ouh:1*1 L$b"l (on!in"n!s $n# o("$ns1-1 D'$2 $ &$'7 %o' !h" no'!h /ol" $n# on" %o' !h" sou!h

/ol"1>1 D'$2 !h" "=u$!o'1?1 D'$2 !h" P'i&" M"'i#i$n11 A## o!h"' &$'7s su(h $s !h" T'o/i( o% C$n("' $n# !h"

T'o/i( o% C$/'i(o'n4 !h" $'(!i( (i'(l"s4 !h" in!"'n$!ion$l

,

 A((itional Lay!r

Th" /'"%i3"s h"&i4 #"&i4$n# s"&i $ll &"$n h$l%4 bu! $'" us"# in #i%%"'"n!

 2$.s1H"&i &"$ns on" si#"4li7" $ h"&is/h"'" in on"si#" o% !h" lob"1

D"&i &"$ns l"ss 9o'$l&os!4 bu! no! =ui!":#"&i6&illion$i'" &"$ns$l&os! $ &illion$i'"1

S"&i &"$ns /$'!l.4 $s ins"&i6(i0iliK"#4 &"$nin

onl. /$'!l. (i0iliK"#1

 A((itional Lay!r

No on" 7no2s %o' su'"ho2 Sh$7"s/"$'"<s TheGlobe Theater o! i!sn$&"1 I! &$. h$0" b""n b"($us" o% !h" lob"6li7"sh$/"4 o' /"'h$/s i! 2$s!i"# in!o i!s &o!!o Totus mundus agithistorium 9!h" 2hol" 2o'l# is $ /l$.hous":1

In Sh$7"s/"$'"<s #s 3ou Like It 4 h" '"2o'#"# i! $ bi! !o b"(o&" !h" %$&ousAll !h" 2o'l#<s $ s!$"1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

#$!"lin"4 $n# so on11 Fin# 2h"'" .ou' (i!. is $n# &$'7 i! 2i!h $ bi s!$'1

☻☻E&'LORATION: Foa) 1lo$!M$7" $ lob" ou! o% $ s&$ll %o$& ('$%! b$ll1 P$in! !h" '""n(on!in"n!s $n# blu" o("$ns1 Us" .ou' "$'!h l$!"' !o $## !o .ou'/l$n"!s ('$%! in !h" s(i"n(" s"(!ion o% !his uni!1

☻☻E&'LORATION: 'ap!r Ma"4 1lo$!Blo2 u/ $ b$lloon1 I% .ou #on<! blo2 i! u/ !oo &u(h i! 2ill h$0" $&o'" 'oun#"# sh$/"1 M$7" /$/"' &$(h /$s!" 9, (1 boilin 2$!"'4 , (1 %lou'4 &i3"# 2"ll: $n# !"$' o' (u! n"2s/$/"'s in!o lons!'i/s1 Di/ !h" /$/"' in!o !h" /$s!" $n# (o0"' !h" 2hol" b$lloon 2i!h !h" /$/"'s4 ('iss6('ossin "$(h o!h"'1 Th" &o'" l$."'s o%/$/"' .ou /u! on !h" s!'on"' i! 2ill b"1 A'oun# !h'"" l$."'s is$bou! 'ih!1 L"! i! #'. %o' $ (ou/l" o% #$.s1

S/'$. /$in! !h" 2hol" lob" blu"1 N"3!4 (u! ou! !h" (on!in"n!s%'o& $ &$/ o% !h" 2o'l# $n# lu" on!o .ou' lob"1 You ($n us" $ bl$n7 ou!lin" &$/ $n# (olo' i! $h"$# o% !i&"4 &$'7in 2h"'" .ouli0"1 You ($n $lso us" $ (olo' &$/ $n# 8us! lu" !h" (on!in"n!son1 I% .ou<# li7"4 .ou ($n /$in! !h" (on!in"n!s on ins!"$# o%/$s!in !h"&1 As $ (h$ll"n" %o' ol#"' 7i#s s"" i% !h". ($n /$in!!h" (on!in"n!s 2i!hou! loo7in $! $ &$/1 Ho2 2"ll #o !h". 7no2!h" lob"Q

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

on" 2inn"' is l"%!1 O' .ou ($n /l$. $s $ (oo/"'$!i0" $&"4 2h"'"!h" 'ou/ !hin7s o' s"$'(h"s %o' /l$("s 2i!h "$(h l"!!"' o% !h"$l/h$b"!1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

no'!h $n# sou!h h"&is/h"'"s1 Poin! ou! !h" &$'7 on !h" lob" %o'!h" "=u$!o' $n# 2h"'" !h" no'!h $n# sou!h h"&is/h"'"s $'"1

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 # map of the world a!!ordingto +tolemy.

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

7no2 !h" &$8o' (on!in"n!s $n# o("$ns1 So&" boo7s $n# o!h"''"sou'("s h$0" s!$'!"# n$&in 0!eania $s $ (on!in"n! in /l$(" o% #ustralia $n# in !h$! 2$. in(lu#in $ll !h" sou!h P$(i%i( Isl$n#s$n# Aus!'$li$ $s on" "o'$/hi($l '"ion1 N$&" i! !h" 2$. .ouli7"1 Pi(7 %'o& !his lis! o% 2$.s !o /'$(!i(" $n# #o $ sho'! $(!i0i!.

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

Eu'o/" '""n4 #'$2 !h" sou!h /ol" on An!$'(!i($4 #'$2 $s$ilin shi/ in !h" P$(i%i( O("$n4 #'$2 !h" G'"$! ;$ll o%Chin$ in Asi$4 #'$2 $ h$&bu'"' in No'!h A&"'i($4 /u! $no'$n" on Aus!'$li$4 $n# so on1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

("n!'$l /oin! %'o& 2hi(h !h" &$/ s!'"!(h"s ou!1 Pl$(" !h" %l$!/$/"' $$ins! on" si#" o% !h" b$ll $n# i&$in" !h" b$ll /'o8"(!"#on!o !h" /$/"'1 Th" ("n!"' /oin! 2ill h$0" !h" l"$s! #is!o'!ion$n# !h" %u'!h"' %'o& !h$! ("n!'$l /oin! .ou "!4 !h" &o'"s!'"!(h"# ou! !h" &$/ 2ill b"1 This !./" o% &$/ is us"l"ss %o' $

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Us"# !o sho2 !h" /ol"s 2i!hou! $s &u(h#is!o'!ion1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

 You' 7i#s 2ill /'ob$bl. n""# $(("ss !o $ (o&/u!"'1 I!<s ni(" i%!h". h$0" !h"i' o2n4 b"($us" !h$! 2$. 2h"n !h".<'" s/"n#in!h'"" hou's 2'i!in $n "ss$.4 i! #o"sn<! 7""/ .ou o%% !h" (o&/u!"'1Th" (o&/u!"'s !houh shoul# b" in /ubli( $'"$s so .ou ($n 7""/$n "." on 2h$! !h".<'" #oin1 I h$0" &. o2n (o&/u!"' in $no!h"'

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 2i!h &o0in h$ll2$.s$n# #is$//"$'in 'oo&s1Th" .oun /'in("ss in!h" !$l" #"(i#"s !o &$7"$n $!l$s o% !h" ($s!l" so!h" /"o/l" 2ho li0" !h"'"($n %in# !h"i' 2$.$'oun#1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

SCIENCE: 'LANETS

Hu" b$lls o% 'o(74 i("4 &$&$4 $n# $s"s $'" $ll hu'lin

$'oun# $n i&&"ns" b$ll o% h"$!1 Pl$n"!s $'" sus/"n#"# in $nun7no2n subs!$n(" o% so&"!hin 9o' no!hinJ: no on" is =ui!"su'" 2hi(h1 C"l"s!i$l bo#i"s $'" $ll %$llin !o2$'# "$(h o!h"'4 bu!s"l#o& (olli#in1 S&$ll bi!s o% #us! $'" %l$&in in!o #"$!h1 Bi bi!s o% i(" $n# 'o(7 $'" s!'"$&in $('oss !h" h"$0"ns4 s2i'lin4'o(7in4 $n# 2hi//in !h'ouh s/$(" in s""&in $b$n#on4 bu!$(!u$ll. $ll in $ 0"'. o'#"'l. $n# /'"#i(!$bl" 2$.1 This is ou'sol$' s.s!"&1

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l"$'nin $bou! $ lo! o%(on("/!s1 H"'" $'" $ %"2!hins !o (onsi#"'(o0"'in

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L"$'nin $ %o'"inl$nu$"Q L"$'n !h"n$&"s o% !h" /l$n"!s in!h" l$nu$" .ou $'"s!u#.in1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

o%%i(i$l #"%ini!ion is (u''"n!l. 9b"($us" .ou n"0"' 7no2 2h"n!h".<ll (h$n" i! $$in: !h$! $ /l$n"! is $n ob8"(! o'bi!in !h" Sun4h$s "nouh &$ss !o &$7" i! 'oun#4 $n# h$s (l"$'"# i!s /$!h o%o!h"' ("l"s!i$l bo#i"s1 So Plu!o4 2hi(h us"# !o b" (onsi#"'"# $/l$n"!4 isn<! $n.&o'" b"($us" i!s /$!h (on!$ins $s!"'oi#s $n#

s!u%%1 Th" /'obl"& s""4 is !h$! s(i"n!is!s 7""/ #is(o0"'in bo#i"so'bi!in !h" Sun !h$! $'" $bou! $s bi o' "0"n bi"' !h$n Plu!o4li7" so&" o% !h" $s!"'oi#s in !h" $s!"'oi# b"l! $n# o!h"' bo#i"s 2$. ou! n"$' N"/!un"1 Th" s(i"n!is!s #"(i#"# !h". h$# !o #'$2!h" lin" so&"2h"'"4 so !h". #'"2 i! so !h$! i! (u! Plu!o o%%1

Th"'" $'" "ih! /l$n"!s in ou' sol$' s.s!"& M"'(u'.4 V"nus4E$'!h4 M$'s4 u/i!"'4 S$!u'n4 U'$nus4 $n# N"/!un"1 Th"'" $'"o!h"' /l$n"!s in o!h"' sol$' s.s!"&s $s 2"ll 2" ($ll !h"s""3!'$sol$' /l$n"!s4 o' "3o/l$n"!s1 ;"<0" n"0"' $(!u$ll. s""n &os!o% !h"&4 bu! 2"<0" no!i("# !h$! !h". ('"$!" 2obbl"s 9o' s&$ll

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

☻☻E&'LORATION: 'lan!t R!portM$7" $ /os!"' o' 2'i!" $ '"/o'! %"$!u'in $ /$'!i(ul$' /l$n"!1In(lu#" lo($!ion in !h" sol$' s.s!"&4 $!&os/h"'"4 s!'u(!u'" o% !h"/l$n"!4 siK" (o&/$'"# !o "$'!h4 !h'"" o' %ou' in!"'"s!in %$(!s4 2ho #is(o0"'"# i! $n# 2h"n4 $n# $ /'in!"# /i(!u'" o' .ou' (hil#<sillus!'$!ion o% !h" /l$n"!1 Ol#"' 7i#s shoul# h$0" &o'"(o&/li($!"# $n# in0ol0"# '"/o'!s1

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!'. !his "3/"'i&"n!

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

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,1 Fill $ l$ss 8$' !h'"" =u$'!"' %ull o% 2$!"'1*1 D'o/ so&" !"$ l"$0"s4 (o%%"" 'oun#s4 o' bouillon

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>1 You ($n s"" !h"& '"$ll. 2"ll b"($us" !h" lih! shin"s$n# '"%l"(!s on !h"&1 I% !h" 'oo& 2$s lih! .ou 2oul#n<! no!i(" !h"& &u(h4 bu! $$ins! !h" #$'7 b$(7'oun# !h". &$7" $ /'"!!. sho24 8us! li7" S$!u'n<s'ins1

☻☻☻E&'ERIMENT: Uran%s is Spinnin# Si(!/aysU'$nus s/ins on i!s si#" 2h"n (o&/$'"#!o !h" o!h"' /l$n"!s1 All !h" /l$n"!s s/in4

 b"($us" i% !h". #i#n<! !h". 2oul#n<! b"/l$n"!s !h".<# b" bi4 "''$!i( 2'"(7in b$lls o% !h" sol$' s.s!"&1 Th" s/in$(!u$ll. 7""/s !h"& on $n "0"n 7""l1

T'. !his,1 G"! $ /$/"' /l$!"4 h"$0i"' /$/"'

on"s 2o'7 b"s!1 Pl$(" %ou' /$/"'(li/s $'oun# !h" 'i& o% !h" /l$!" "=ui#is!$n! %'o& on"

-*

3!pl!r Spa"!T!l!s"op!

This !"l"s(o/"4 lo($!"# ino'bi! $'oun# "$'!h4 h$s

!h" &ission o% s"$'(hin%o' /l$n"!s ou!si#" ou'sol$' s.s!"&1 I!/'i&$'il. us"s !h" !'$nsi!&"!ho# !o #"!"(! !h"s"/l$n"!s1 Th" !'$nsi!&"!ho# s"$'(h"s %o' !h"sh$#o2 o% $ /l$n"!4 $ !in. bl$(7 #o!4 $n# 2$!(h"s%o' !h" &o&"n! 2h"n i!('oss"s $ #is!$n! s!$'1

Th" !"l"s(o/" ($n #"!"(!!h" !in. #i/ in b'ih!n"ss(o&in %'o& !h" s!$'($us"# b. !h" sh$#o2 o%!h" /l$n"! ('ossin i!1

 4epler Spa!e Teles!opeimage !ourtesy of %#S#

On t! *!$

Ch"(7 ou!h!!/2221nin"/l$n"!s1o' !o l"$'n $bou! !h"his!o'.4 &.!holo.4 $n#

s(i"n!i%i( 7no2l"#" o%$ll !h" /l$n"!s $n# o!h"'!hins in ou' sol$'s.s!"&1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

$no!h"' so !h". =u$'!"' !h" /l$!"1 A!!$(h $ s!'in in !h""3$(! ("n!"' o% !h" /l$!"1

*1 Hol#in on!o !h" s!'in4 s2in !h" /l$!" in %'on! o% .ou%'o& l"%! !o 'ih!1

-1 No2 i0" !h" /l$!" $ s/in $s .ou s2in i!1

S/innin !h" /l$!" 7""/s i! %'o& %lo//in $'oun# 2ill. nill.1 An."''$!i( %li//in $'oun# in $ /l$n"! 2oul# ('"$!" %o'("s !h$! 2oul#!h'o2 i! o%% i!s o'bi! $n# 2"<# h$0" (os&i( bu&/"' ($'s ins!"$# o%ni(" #"/"n#$bl" o'bi!s1

☻☻E&'ERIMENT: N!pt%n!+s Ellipti"al Or$itTh" o'bi!s o% !h" /l$n"!s $'oun# !h" sun $'"n<! 'oun# !h".<'""lli/!i($l4 $n o0$l sh$/"1 N"/!un" is >1> billion 7ilo&"!"'s %'o&!h" sun $! i!s (los"s! /oin! $n# >1?> billion 7ilo&"!"'s %'o& !h"sun $! i!s %u'!h"s! /oin!1 Th" /oin! 2h"n $ /l$n"! is $! i!s (los"s!

is ($ll"# !h" /"'ih"lion $n# !h" /oin! 2h"n $ /l$n"! is %u'!h"s!%'o& !h" sun is ($ll"# !h" $/h"lion1

,1 To sho2 2h$! $n "lli/!i($l o'bi! o% $ /l$n"! loo7s li7" .ou<lln""# $ s!'in ,* in(h"s lon $n# $ l$'" sh""! o% /$/"'/l$("# o0"' $ !hi(7 /i"(" o% ($'#bo$'#1

*1 Pl$(" !2o !$(7s in !h" ("n!"' o% !h" /$/"' $bou! , in(h$/$'! $n# 2i!h !h" "n#s o% !h" s!'in b"in h"l# #o2n b.!h" !$(7s1 Ti" 7no!s in !h" "n#s o% !h" s!'in %o' !h" !$(7s!o o !h'ouh so i! 2ill hol#1

-1 No2 /l$(" $ /"n(il in !h" loo/ o% !h" s!'in $n#4 hol#in

!h" s!'in !$u!4 #'$2 $ (o&/l"!" o0$l $'oun# !h" !$(7s1

Th" !$(7s '"/'"s"n!!h" %o(i o% !h" "lli/s"1In !h" sol$' s.s!"&!h" sun is on" %o(us4$n# $no!h"' /oin! ins/$(" is !h" o!h"'%o(us1 So&"!i&"s!h" "lli/!i($l o'bi!so% /l$n"!s $'" sho2n

 0"'. "lon$!"#4 bu!!h". $'" $(!u$ll./'"!!. (los" !o b"in(i'(ul$'4 8us! $ li!!l"o%%1 Th".<'" no! /"'%"(!l. (i'(ul$' b"($us" !h" sun is no! !h" onl.sou'(" o% '$0i!$!ion in !h" sol$' s.s!"&1 O!h"' /l$n"!s $n# "0"nn"$'b. sol$' s.s!"&s ($n !h'o2 o%% !h" b$l$n(" slih!l.1

--

 *rit!r+s *or,sopOn" "3o6sol$' s.s!"&/l$n"! /"o/l" h$0"$(!u$ll. s""n 2i!h !h"Hubbl" T"l"s(o/" is $/l$n"! o'bi!in !h" s!$'Fo&$lh$u!1

 As!'ono&"'s n$&"# i!Fo&$lh$u! b1 Th$!<s $!"''ibl" n$&"J ;h$! 2oul# .ou n$&" $ /l$n"! .ou #is(o0"'"#Q D'$2 $/i(!u'" o% .ou' /l$n"!4i0" i! $ n$&"4 $n# 2'i!"$ #"s('i/!ion o% 2h$! i!<sli7" !h"'"1 Ho2 ho! is i!QC$n $n.!hin li0" !h"'"Q A'" !h"'" /l$n!s !h"'"Q

Is !h"'" 2$!"'Q Ho2&$n. &oonsQ

Fa$%lo%s Fa"tB"%o'" s(i"n!is!s b"in$n "3/"'i&"n!4 !h".#"(i#" 2h$! !h". !hin7 2ill h$//"n $n# !h". 2'i!" i! #o2n1 This is !h"hypothesis1

So&"!i&"s s(i"n!is!s $'"

'ih!4 bu! so&"!i&"s!h". $'" 2'on1 A oo#s(i"n!is! 2ill l"$'n $n#(h$n" his i#"$s o% !h" 2o'l# $ b$# on" 2ill(h$n" !h" #$!$ !o &$7"his o'iin$l h./o!h"sis 2o'7 ou! $s h" !hin7s i!ouh! !o1

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☻☻☻E&'E.ITION: 'lan!tari%)Fin# ou! i% !h"'"<s $ /l$n"!$'iu& n"$' .ou1 Visi! i! !o s"" &o#"lso% !h" /l$n"!s $n# %in# ou! &o'" %$(!s $bou! "$(h on"1

☻E&'ERIMENT: Sinin# 'lan!ts ;h. #o /l$n"!s shin" 2h"n 2" 7no2 !h". #on<! i0" o%% lih! li7"$ s!$'Q Go "! $ %l$shlih! $n# $ b$ll4 $n# !$7" !h"& !o $ 0"'. #$'7'oo&1 Shin" !h" %l$shlih! on !h" su'%$(" o% !h" b$ll1 You ($n s""!h" b$ll b"($us" !h" lih! is boun(in o%% !h" b$ll in o!h"' 2o'#s4i! is '"%l"(!in1 Pl$n"!s $n# &oons #on<! &$7" lih! o% !h"i' o2n!h". 8us! '"%l"(! lih! %'o& !h" sun1

☻☻E&'LORATION: Map of t! Mil,y *ayTh" Mil7. ;$.4 ou' $l$3.4 is $ s/i'$l $l$3.1 On #$'7(ons!'u(!ion /$/"' 9#$'7 blu"4 /u'/l" o' bl$(7: &$7" lon

(u'0in lu" lin"s %'o& $ ("n!'$l /oin!1 Us" $ /i(!u'" o% !h" &il7. 2$. $l$3. !o "! !h" b$si( sh$/"1 Th"n (o0"' !h" lu" 2i!h li!!"'!o '"/'"s"n! !h" $'&s o% !h" &il7. 2$. $l$3.1 D'$2 $n $''o2 !oon" /oin! ou! on on" o% !h" $'&s $n# 2'i!" sol$' s.s!"&1

☻☻☻E&'E.ITION: S!!in# t! Mil,y *ay Go ou! in!o !h" (oun!'. on $ #$'74 (l"$'4 su&&"' nih!1 M$7"su'" .ou<'" $2$. %'o& (i!. lih!s !o s"" !h" Mil7. ;$.1 Ou' sol$'s.s!"& is in on" $'& o% !h" Mil7. ;$.4 $n# so 2" ($n s"" $ ('oss 0i"2 o% !h" '"s! o% !h" $l$3.1 I!<s $ b'ih! s/l$sh $('oss !h" s7.'unnin 'ouhl. %'o& no'!h !o sou!h in !h" su&&"' !i&"1

->

 A((itional Lay!rs

RR Tol7i"n<s "l%6h"'oin"is ni(7n$&"# E0"ns!$'1

E#$' All"n Po" 2'o!" $/o"&4 E0"nin S!$'1

S"0"'$l N"2s/$/"'s h$0" b""n n$&"# E0"ninS!$' o' Mo'nin S!$'1

Th"'" 2$s $ C$n$#i$nS2i&&"' n$&"#Mo'nins!$'1

 A Shi/ ($ll"# !h"Mo'nin S!$' 2$s

 2'"(7"# in !h" S!'$i! o%To''"s in ,@,>1

Fa)o%s Fol,s

 As %$' $s 2" 7no2 !h"%i's! /"'son !o %iu'" ou!!h$! !h" "$'!h is 'oun#$n# (i'(l"s !h" sun 2$s $G'""7 n$&"# A'is!$'(hus 2ho li0"# %'o& -,+6*-+BC1 G$lil"o 9,?>6,>*:

s!ill #"s"'0"s /'o/s %o' b'inin !h" 7no2l"#" b$(7 !o lih! $n# b'$0in!h" (hu'(h $u!ho'i!i"s !o/ublish his 7no2l"#"1Go %in# ou! &o'" $bou! A'is!$'(hus $n# G$lil"o1

 +ortrait of Galileo by ustus Sustermans 7<8<

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

☻☻E&'ERIMENT: S%n Spots an( Solar Flar!sPoin! $ !"l"s(o/" $! !h" sun1 Th" o!h"' "n# o% !h" !"l"s(o/"92hi(h .ou 2oul# no'&$ll. loo7 !h'ouh: shoul# b" $i&"# $! $sh""! o% 2hi!" /$/"'1 Fo(us !h" !"l"s(o/" un!il .ou ($n s"" !h"'oun# su'%$(" o% !h" sun on !h" /$/"'1 I% suns/o!s $'" /'"s"n! .ou<ll s"" #$'7 s/o!s1 I% $ &$8o' sol$' %l$'" o((u's .ou<ll s"" !h$!!oo1 L"$'n &o'" $bou! sol$' %l$'"s $n# !h"i' "%%"(! on !h" "$'!h1Th". ($us" !h" $u'o'$ bo'"$lis $n# $u'o'$ $us!'$lis1 Th". ($n$lso ($us" #$n"'ous '$#i$!ion4 2hi(h ou' $!&os/h"'" &os!l./'o!"(!s us %'o&1 This /os"s $ &$8o' (o&/li($!ion 2h"n i! (o&"s!o !h" (oloniKin o% !h" Moon o' M$'s4 2hi(h #o no! h$0"$#"=u$!" $!&os/h"'"s1 Sol$' %l$'"s $'" $lso !h" ($us" o% !h"/"'io#i( lob$l h"$!in $n# (oolin o% !h" "$'!h1 ;i!h !h"!"l"s(o/" !'$in"# ($'"%ull. on .ou' sh""! o% /$/"'4 !'$(" !h"ou!lin" o% !h" sun $n# $n. sun s/o!s1

☻E&'LORATION: My 'la"! in T! Univ!rs!C'"$!" $ #i$'$& sho2in .ou' /l$(" 2i!hin !h" Uni0"'s"1 ;'i!"

!h" 2o'#s $n# #'$2 so&" /i(!u'"s !o $((o&/$n. "$(h i!"&1 I! 2oul# in(lu#" !h"s"

M" →E$'!h Sol$' S.s!"& Mil7. ;$. G$l$3. Clus!"' o%→ → →

G$l$3i"s Uni0"'s"→

☻☻E&'E.ITION: 3!pl!r Spa"! T!l!s"op!This is $n $'&(h$i' "3/"#i!ion !h$! us"s h!!/7"/l"'1n$s$1o0 4

-?

 Solar flare image !ourtesy of %#S#

 A((itional Lay!r

Moons ($n b" %oun#$'oun# &$n. /l$n"!s4no! 8us! "$'!h1 M$'s h$s

!2o1

 *ars' moon +hobosu/i!"' h$s %ou' bi&oons $n# s"0"'$ls&$ll"' on"s4 $n# !h"o!h"' $s i$n!s h$0"#oK"ns &o'"1

 upiter with some of itsmoons in!luding Io the

largest.

Fa$%lo%s Fa"ts

Th" sun is $ n"$'l./"'%"(! s/h"'" $n# is&$#" o% ho! /l$s&$ $n#'$0i!$!ion$l %i"l#s1

I!<s so bi !h$! i! $((oun!s%o' &o'" !h$n W o% !h"&$ss o% !h" sol$' s.s!"&1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

NASA<s 2"bsi!" $bou! !h" "/l"' !"l"s(o/" $n# i!<s s"$'(h %o'h$bi!$bl"4 "$'!h6siK" /l$n"!s1 I! is %ull o% in%o'&$!ion $bou! 2h$!!h" !"l"s(o/" is %in#in4 $n# "0"n in(lu#"s $ "/l"' Pl$n"! Coun! 2i#"! !h$! sho2s ho2 &$n. "3osol$' /l$n"!s "/l"' h$s#is(o0"'"# so %$'1

☻☻E&'LORATION: Colorin# Boo, of t! 'lan!ts You ($n "! $ /'in!$bl" (olo'in boo7 o% !h" /l$n"!s on !h"/'in!$bl"s /$" $! h!!/2221l$."'s6o%6l"$'nin1(o&l$."'s6o%6l"$'nin6/'in!$bl"s1 E$(h /$" h$s $ /i(!u'" o% !h" /l$n"! !o(olo'4 $ s/o! !o /'$(!i(" 2'i!in !h" /l$n"!<s n$&"4 $n# $ %"2 %$(!s$bou! "$(h on"1 Fo' .oun on"s !h" (olo'in $n# !'$(in &$. b""nouh1 Ol#"' 7i#s ($n us" !h" (olo'in boo7 /$"s $s (h$/!"'#i0i#"'s in $ boo7 !h". ('"$!" $bou! !h" /l$n"!s1 In b"!2""n "$(hon" !h". ($n in(lu#" "ss$.s $bou! 2h$! !h". l"$'n $bou! "$(h/l$n"!4 "3/"'i&"n! 2'i!"6u/s4 $n# &o'"1

-

 A((itional Lay!r

Th"s" $'" $ll 2$.s !o s$.E$'!h in #i%%"'"n!l$nu$"s

S/$nish6 Ti"''$

F'"n(h6 l$ T"''$

Du!(h6 A$'#"

$/$n"s" 6地球

G"'&$n6 E'#"

L$!in O'bus T"''$'u&

I!$li$n T"''$

 ;"lsh D#$"$'

No'2"i$n o'#"n

S2$hili 6 A'#hi

T!a"in# Tip

So&"!i&"s $s !"$(h"'s 2" 2$n! !o h$0" $ll !h"$ns2"'s4 bu! so&"!i&"s!h" &os! b"$u!i%ul$ns2"' is I #on<! 7no21Th" !'u!h is4 !h"'"<s $ lo!

 2" 8us! #on<! 7no21 An#!h$!<s o7$.1 I% !h" $ns2"'is ou! !h"'"4 2"<ll o %in#i! !o"!h"'1 I% i!<s no!4!h"'"<s $ l"sson !h"'" !oo1Th" s(i"n!is!s $! NASA$'" $l2$.s l"$'nin n"2!hins !h$! no on" 7n"2 b"%o'"1 Th" =u"s! %o'7no2l"#" is 8us! b"innin1 T1S1 Ellio!

s$i#4 ;" sh$ll no! ("$s"%'o& "3/lo'$!ion4 $n#!h" "n# o% $ll ou'"3/lo'in 2ill b" !o $''i0" 2h"'" 2" s!$'!"# $n#7no2 !h" /l$(" %o' !h"%i's! !i&"1

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

THE A RTS: C A5E ' AINTIN1S  V"'. "$'l. on !h" #"si'" !o ('"$!" i&$"s &$ni%"s!"# i!s"l%

$&on &$n7in#1 So&" o% !h" 2o'l#<s "$'li"s! $'!is!s 2"'" ($0"/$in!"'s1 C$0" 2$lls $'" %ill"# 2i!h $n(i"n!l. #'$2n (h$'in bu%%$lo4 l"$/in #""'4 2il# ho's"s4 $n# o!h"' $ni&$ls1 I! is!houh! !h$! !h" /$in!"'s b"li"0"# &$7in !h"s" /i(!u'"s 2oul# b'in !h"& oo# lu(7 in hun!in1 Th". us"# bu'n"# 2oo#4 soil4$n# l"$0"s !o ('"$!" s!'on ou!lin"s $n# &u!"# (olo's1 M$n. o%!h"& ($n s!ill b" s""n $ll !h"s" !hous$n#s o% ."$'s l$!"'1

On" o% !h" &os! %$&ous ($0" /$in!ins 2$s %'o& F'$n(" inL$s($u31 I!<s %$&ous b"($us" i! is $ bi n"!2o'7 o% ($0"s !h$! h$s$l&os! *4+++ %iu'"s /$in!"# 2i!hin !h"&J Mos! o% !h" /i(!u'"s$'" o% $ni&$ls4 bu! !h"'" $'" $lso hu&$n %iu'"s $n# so&""o&"!'i( s.&bols1 On" s"(!ion is ($ll"# Th" G'"$! H$ll o% !h"Bulls !h$! h$s $ /$in!in o% $ bull !h$! is , %""! lon4 !h" bi"s!$n(i"n! (h$'$(!"' !h$! h$s "0"' b""n %oun#1 Th" ($0" $'! 2$s

#is(o0"'"# b. > !""n$"'s in ,>+1 Th" $'! h$s l$s!"# !h'ouh!hous$n#s o% ."$'s4 bu! 8us! sin(" ,>+ i! h$s #"!"'io'$!"# $ lo! b"($us" o% $ll !h" 0isi!o's4 !h" &o#"'n lih!in !h$! h$s b""nins!$ll"#4 $n# !h" $i' (on#i!ionin s.s!"&1 Th" $'! h$s b"(o&"&o'" %$#"# $n# &ol# is 'o2in '$&/$n!l. in !h" ($0" no21F'o& !i&" !o !i&" !h" ($0"s h$0" b""n (los"# !o 0isi!o's b"($us"o% !h" #$&$"1

 ;" o%!"n h"$' $bou! L$s($u3 b"($us" o% i!s siK" $n# l$'"

-

 A((itional Lay!r

 A'! %'o& !h" $n(i"n!!i&"s h$s b""n %oun# $llo0"' !h" 2o'l# $n# i0"sus $ lo! o% insih! in!o 2h$! s/"(i%i( (i0iliK$!ions 2"'" li7"1 I! h$s b""n%oun# in /l$("s li7"o'"$4 Chin$4 $/$n4In#i$4 M"so/o!$&i$4I'$n4 C"n!'$l A&"'i($4Eu'o/"4 $n# !h'ouhou!

 Asi$1 Choos" $ lo($!ion$n# l"$'n &o'" $bou! !h"s/"(i%i( 7in#s o% $'!i%$(!s!h$! h$0" b""n %oun#!h"'"1

 Ro!k painting of a turtle.

 *rit!r+s *or,sop

I&$in" .ou $'" $n$n(i"n! ($0" #2"ll"'4 $n# 2'i!" $ #$.6in6!h"6li%"s!o'. $bou! 2h$! on" o% .ou' #$.s is li7"1R"&"&b"' !h$! .ou #on<!h$0" $ 'o("'. s!o'" !o

 bu. .ou' %oo# in1 You($n<! /i(7 u/ .ou' (lo!h"s%'o& $ lo($l &$ll1Th"'"<s no buil#"' o'$'(hi!"(! !o h"l/ .ou buil# .ou' sh"l!"'1 ;h$!is li%" li7" %o' .ouQ Ho2#o .ou s/"n# &os! o% .ou' !i&"Q

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

•  ;il# Ho's" C$n.on4 U!$h

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• Uni0"'si!. o% G"o'i$ C$&/us4 G"o'i$ 9'o(7s &o0"# %'o& !h"i'o'iin$l lo($!ion $n# /l$("# on !h" ($&/us4 ou!si#" Mus"u& o% A'!$n# in L$2 S(hool G$'#"n:

• T'$(7 Ro(7 G$/4 G"o'i$

• Mills!on" Blu%% N$!ion$l R"is!"' Si!"4 Illinois

• Dih!on Ro(7 S!$!" P$'74 M$ss$(hus"!!s

• S$nil$( P"!'ol./hs S!$!" P$'74 Mi(hi$n

• "%%"'s P"!'ol./h S!$!" P$'74 Minn"so!$

• Pi/"s!on" N$!ion$l Monu&"n!4 Minn"so!$

• Thous$n# Hills S!$!" P$'74 Missou'i

•  ;$shin!on S!$!" P$'74 Missou'i

• S"!on H$ll Uni0"'si!. Mus"u& 4 N"2 "'s". 

• u#$(ull$ Ro(74 No'!h C$'olin$

• Ins('i/!ion Ro(74 Ohio

• L"o P"!'ol./h4 Ohio

• In#i$n Go# Ro(74 P"nns.l0$ni$

• Mon!o&"'. B"ll S!$!" P$'74 T"nn"ss""

• C"'"#o His!o'i($l Mus"u&4 ;"s! Vi'ini$

• Ro(h"6$6C'i S!$!" P$'74 ;is(onsin

• Colu&bi$ Hills S!$!" P$'74 ;$shin!on

• In#i$n P$in!"# Ro(7s4 ;$shin!on 9in S/o7$n":

•  ;""s B$'4 I#$ho 9in !h" Sn$7" Ri0"' C$n.on4 #o2ns!'"$& %'o& S2$nF$lls D$&:

• $u$' C$0"4 I#$ho• Pi(!o'$/h C$0" S!$!" P$'74 Mon!$n$

• P"!'ol./h C$n.on4 Mon!$n$

• Po&/".<s Pill$'4 Mon!$n$ 9;illi$& Cl$'7 $lso sin"# !h" 'o(7 in ,@+:

•  ;'i!in Ro(7 S!$!" His!o'i($l Si!"4 No'!h D$7o!$

• M"#i(in" B"$' C'""74 ;.o&in

• P"!'ol./h P$'74 B'i!ish Colu&bi$4 C$n$#$

Coming up next . . .

>-

 A((itional Lay!r

Lo!s o% ($0" $'! !h$! h$s b""n %oun# $'oun# !h" 2o'l# 2$s #is(o0"'"# b.

$((i#"n!1 Hi7"'s4($&/"'s4 $#0"n!u'"'s4$n# "0"n 7i#s h$0"s!u&bl"# $('oss $&$Kin$'(h$"oloi($l %in#s1 A%!"' bi %in#sso&"!i&"s /"o/l"$(!u$ll. o loo7in %o'&o'"4 $n# o%!"n !h". %in#i!1 Th"'" is /'ob$bl. $ lo!o% ($0" $'! ou! !h"'" !h$!

 2" 8us! h$0"n<! %oun# ."!1I% .ou 2"'" oin !os"$'(h %o' so&"4 2h"'" 2oul# .ou o loo7inQ ;h$! 2oul# .ou #o i% .ou%oun# i!Q T"ll !h" 2o'l#Q""/ !h" s"('"! $ll !o .ou's"l%Q

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

My Ideas For This Unit:

Title: ____________________________ Topic: _________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________ Topic: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________ Topic: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

>>

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONS  M APS  AND GLOBES  PLANETS  C AVE P AINTINGS

My Ideas For This Unit:

Title: ____________________________ Topic: _________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________ Topic: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Title: ____________________________ Topic: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

>?

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The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent was a perfect spot for people to settle and create a civilization

because there was plenty of water and fertile land for farming due to the nearby

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This area is sometimes called the cradle of civilization

because, like a cradle for a baby, it was a place where people first settled down and

stayed.

Layers of Learning

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!here " #iveby

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  $ome

" live in this house.

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City

%y house is in the city of

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  &tate

%y house and my city are in the

state of

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Country

%y house, my city and my state

are in the country of

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  'lanet

%y house, my city, my state,

and my country are on the

planet Earth.

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&olar &ystem

%y house, my city, my state, mycountry, and my planet are in

the solar system.

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My Day#ook at the picture symbols of my day.

Can you tell what " did today(

 

)ow draw what you did today.

Layers of Learning

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

$'"n Mi(h"ll" 1 1 1Mo!h"'s4 sis!"'s4 !"$(h"'s4 2o&"n 2ho $'" /$ssion$!"

$bou! "#u($!in 7i#s1 ;" $'" #"#i($!"# !o li%"lon l"$'nin1

$'"n4 $ &o!h"' o% %ou'4 2ho h$s ho&"s(hool"# h"' 7i#s %o' &o'" !h$n "ih! ."$'s 2i!h h"'

husb$n#4 Bob4 h$s $ b$(h"lo's #"'"" in (hil# #"0"lo/&"n! 2i!h $n "&/h$sis in "#u($!ion1Sh" li0"s in U!$h 2h"'" sh" $'#"ns4 !"$(h"s /i$no4 $n# /l$.s $n "3('u(i$!in nu&b"' o%

 bo$'# $&"s 2i!h h"' 7i#s1 $'"n is ou' '"si#"n! A'!s "3/"'! $n# Enlish u'u &os!n"("ss$'. $s Mi(h"ll" '"ul$'l. $n# ($'"l"ssl. &$nl"s !h" Enlish l$nu$" $n# o(($sion$ll.

s!"/s o0"' !h" boun#s o% /oli!" so(i"!.1

Mi(h"ll" $n# h"' husb$n#4 C$&"'on4 ho&"s(hoolin no2 %o' o0"' $ #"($#"4 !"$(h !h"i' si3 bo.s on !h"i' !"n $('"s in b"$u!i%ul I#$ho (oun!'.1 Mi(h"ll" "$'n"# $ b$(h"lo'<s in biolo.4&$7in h"' !h" '"si#"n! S(i"n(" "3/"'!4 !houh sh" is &o(7"# b. h"' %'i"n#s %o' b"in !h"

 $otanist with the $la!k Thumb of /eath1 Sh" $lso is !h" o6!o %o' His!o'. $n# Go0"'n&"n!1Sh" b"li"0"s in s!$.in u/ l$!"4 ho! (ho(ol$!"4 $n# $ no 2hinin /oli(.1 ;" bo!h /i!(h in on

G"o'$/h.4 in ($s" .ou 2"'" 2on#"'in4 $n# $'" on $ (on!inu$l =u"s! %o' 7no2l"#"1