LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE DEFINED n Law enforcement intelligence is the end product of an...

LAW ENFORCEMENTLAW ENFORCEMENTINTELLIGENCE DEFINEDINTELLIGENCE DEFINED

Law enforcement intelligence is the Law enforcement intelligence is the end productend product of an of an analytic processanalytic process

It includes the collection and It includes the collection and assessmentassessment of information about of information about crimes and/or criminal enterprises crimes and/or criminal enterprises

Copyright © 1999 by David L. Carter. All Rights Reserved.

NATIONAL SECURITYNATIONAL SECURITYINTELLIGENCE DEFINEDINTELLIGENCE DEFINED

National security intelligence is the National security intelligence is the end end productproduct of an of an analytic processanalytic process

Concerned with the relationship of the Concerned with the relationship of the United States with foreign powers, United States with foreign powers, organizations, and personsorganizations, and persons


IS ALL INFORMATION IS ALL INFORMATION INTELLIGENCE?INTELLIGENCE?

No!No! Until information is Until information is processedprocessed or or

analyzedanalyzed it is simply data that may or it is simply data that may or may not be true, insightful, or relevantmay not be true, insightful, or relevant

INFORMATIONINFORMATIONPASSIVEPASSIVE

INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE

PROACTIVEPROACTIVE >> Forecasting Forecasting>> Correlations Correlations>> Offer Offer SuppositionsSuppositions>> Direct an Direct an InvestigationInvestigation or Inquiryor Inquiry

InformationInformationSimply AwaitsSimply Awaits

AccessAccess

ANALYTIC PROCESSESANALYTIC PROCESSES


THE GOALS OF THE GOALS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT

INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE Locate Locate evidenceevidence Identify Identify contrabandcontraband Direct the Direct the allocation of resourcesallocation of resources

INTELLIGENCE IS CONCERNED WITHINTELLIGENCE IS CONCERNED WITH……

CrimeCrime

InvestigationInvestigation

ApprehensionApprehension

ProsecutionProsecution

Service toService toInvestigatorsInvestigators

ProjectionsProjectionsof Futureof Future


IS INTELLIGENCE USED IN IS INTELLIGENCE USED IN EVERY CRIMINAL EVERY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION?INVESTIGATION?

NoNo Intelligence is used in serious or Intelligence is used in serious or

complex casescomplex cases Intelligence may result in the Intelligence may result in the

initiation of an investigationinitiation of an investigation

CaseCaseArchaeologyArchaeology

CaseCaseProgressionProgression

CASE PATHOLOGYCASE PATHOLOGY


IntelligenceIntelligenceInitializationInitialization

EQUITYEQUITY Equitable enforcement of the law Equitable enforcement of the law Equal treatment under the Constitution Equal treatment under the Constitution Equitable distribution of police services Equitable distribution of police services and and resources resources

EFFECTIVENESSEFFECTIVENESS Accomplishing your goalsAccomplishing your goals Achieving planned and desired resultsAchieving planned and desired results

EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY Not wasting resources Not wasting resources Providing “good value for money” Providing “good value for money”

CORNERSTONES OFCORNERSTONES OFINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONSINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS


Obtaining andObtaining andIntegrating InformationIntegrating Information

Obtaining andObtaining andIntegrating InformationIntegrating Information

ROLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENTROLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENTINTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE

Identifying CrimesIdentifying Crimesand Crime Trendsand Crime Trends

Identifying CrimesIdentifying Crimesand Crime Trendsand Crime Trends

IdentifyingIdentifyingCriminalsCriminals

IdentifyingIdentifyingCriminalsCriminals

DevelopingDevelopingCasesCases

DevelopingDevelopingCasesCases

ProvidingProvidingInvestigative SupportInvestigative Support

ProvidingProvidingInvestigative SupportInvestigative Support

ProjectingProjectingCrime TrendsCrime Trends

ProjectingProjectingCrime TrendsCrime Trends


SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITYSCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY

Macro-IntelligenceMacro-Intelligence Micro-IntelligenceMicro-Intelligence

CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINTCLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT




CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITYCRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY

GeneralGeneral SpecializedSpecialized





CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITYCRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY

INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONSINTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS

GeneralGeneral SpecializedSpecialized

TacticalTactical OperationalOperational

StrategicStrategic



LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCENATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven







ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity







JudicialJudicialScrutinyScrutiny









PresidentialPresidentialPolicy DrivenPolicy Driven

PresidentialPresidentialPolicy DrivenPolicy Driven






Public demand for police services, particularly 911 Public demand for police services, particularly 911 rapid-response services, is largely out of police rapid-response services, is largely out of police control, thereby limiting abilities to do other work.control, thereby limiting abilities to do other work.

Police department resources are, in the main, already Police department resources are, in the main, already deployed to best advantage, efficiently and effectively.deployed to best advantage, efficiently and effectively.

Intelligence is a discretionary “add on” to the core job Intelligence is a discretionary “add on” to the core job of policing.of policing.

Intelligence is a risky enterprise that is largely Intelligence is a risky enterprise that is largely inefficient and “borders on the edge of unlawfulness.”inefficient and “borders on the edge of unlawfulness.”

POPULAR MYTHS ABOUT POPULAR MYTHS ABOUT LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE


THE IMPACT OF 09-11-01THE IMPACT OF 09-11-01 ON LAW ENFORCEMENT ON LAW ENFORCEMENT

INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE Executive Office of Homeland Executive Office of Homeland

SecuritySecurity USA Patriot Act of 2001USA Patriot Act of 2001

Need and Value of IntelligenceNot Recognized

Limited Body of ResearchKnowledge in Law Enforcement

Intelligence as a ManagementResource Not Recognized

Paramilitary/Bureaucratic PoliceStructure Inhibits Intelligence

Law Enforcement is UsuallyReactive—Intelligence is Proactive

Intelligence is Multidisciplinary—Policing Is Largely Unidisciplinary

Past Abuses of Intelligence Make Police Defensive

REASONSPOLICEHAVEBEEN

RELUCTANTTO

CREATEFULL-

SERVICEINTELUNITs


MANAGEMENT ISSUESMANAGEMENT ISSUES

Unity of CommandUnity of Command– Balancing competing interestsBalancing competing interests– Political considerationsPolitical considerations

StaffingStaffing– Mixture of sworn and civilian employeesMixture of sworn and civilian employees– Role of civilians as advisors to sworn officersRole of civilians as advisors to sworn officers

ADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN ADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTSINTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS

Characteristics, background, and Characteristics, background, and education education

““Street” experience may narrow an Street” experience may narrow an analyst’s viewanalyst’s view

Longevity in the unitLongevity in the unit Analysts do not require law Analysts do not require law

enforcement authorityenforcement authority

DISADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN ANALYSTSCIVILIAN ANALYSTS

Lack of mobilityLack of mobility Relationship to officersRelationship to officers

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLETHE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

An organized process by which An organized process by which information is gathered, information is gathered, assessed, and distributed in assessed, and distributed in order to fulfill the goals of the order to fulfill the goals of the intelligence functionintelligence function

It is a method of performing It is a method of performing analytic activities and placing analytic activities and placing the analysis in a usable form.the analysis in a usable form.

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLETHE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

RequirementRequirement CollectionCollection EvaluationEvaluation CollationCollation AnalysisAnalysis ReportingReporting DisseminationDissemination

COLLECTIONCOLLECTION

OvertOvertSourcesSources

InformationInformationSegregationSegregation

Source ReliabilitySource Reliability

InformationInformation Validity Validity

EVALUATIONEVALUATION

COLLATIONCOLLATION

CovertCovertSourcesSources

Index &Index &StorageStorage

ANALYSISANALYSIS

ConclusionsConclusions

PredictionsPredictions

EstimatesEstimates REPORTINGREPORTING

TacticalTactical

StrategicStrategicPeriodicPeriodic

DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION

RoutineRoutineDistributionDistribution

Response toResponse toRequestsRequests

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKANDAND

RE-EVALUATIONRE-EVALUATION

The Intelligence Cycle

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