LAUREYS VEGETATIVE STATE · PDF fileLaureys et al., Lancet, 2000 disorders of consciousness...
Transcript of LAUREYS VEGETATIVE STATE · PDF fileLaureys et al., Lancet, 2000 disorders of consciousness...
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The neurology of consciousness:what can we learn from the vegetative state ?
Steven Laureys
Coma Science GroupCyclotron Research Centre& Neurology Dept.University of Liège, Belgium
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Disorders of consciousness Behavioural evaluation Electrophysiology Neuroimaging Ethics & quality of life
Terry Schiavo °1963, vegetative 1990, † 2005
Overviewdisorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
Mind brain beliefs
Zeman 2005 in The Boundaries of Consciousness (Ed) Laureys
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www.comascience.orgLaureys, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2005
Consciousness
Coma
GeneralAnesthesia
Locked-in syndrome
Minimally Conscious State
Vegetative state
ConsciousWakefulness
Drowsiness
Light sleep
Deep Sleep
LucidDreaming
REM Sleep
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www.comascience.org
Disorders of consciousness
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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Clinical entities
Laureys, Scientific American, 2007
PermanentMinimally Conscious
State
?
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
Clinical evaluation
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
Motor activity in brain death
Lazarus' sign in brain deathBueri et al Mov Disord. 2000, 15:583-6
residual spinal activity: • finger jerks• undulating toe flexion sign• triple flexion response• Lazarus sign• pronation-extension reflex• facial myokymia
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
Blink and you live
Laureys et al., Progress in Brain Research, 2005
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
Laureys et al., Progress in Brain Research, 2005
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www.comascience.org
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Electrophysiology
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgSchnakers, Majerus and Laureys, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2005
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
EEG-BIS in comadisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
coma VS MCS recovery
Bis
pect
rali
ndex
Coma Recovery Score
Bis
pect
rali
ndex
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www.comascience.orgLaureys, Perrin et al., Neurology, 2004
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Cognitive evoked potentialsdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
minimally conscious stateµV
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
-7.5
-10.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
OTHER NAMES
N1
ms100 300 500 800 1000 1300200 400 600 700 900 1100 1200 15001400
P3
OWN NAME
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www.comascience.orgPerrin et al, Archives in Neurology, 2006
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
P300 to given namedisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
n=4
n=5
n=5
n=6
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www.comascience.org
Neuroimaging
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
resting brain functionbrain activation studies
passive paradigmsactive paradigms
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www.comascience.org
Neuroimaging
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgLaureys, Owen & Schiff, Lancet Neurology, 2004 (sleep data from Pierre Maquet; anesthesia data from Mike Alkire)
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Resting metabolismdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Laureys, Maquet, Moonen, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 2007
Global metabolismdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Laureys et al, New Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Ed.) Larry Squire, in press
Regional changesdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
n=60
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www.comascience.orgRaichle & Snyder Neuroimage, in press
“default” resting statedisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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default activity predicts perceptiondisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
Boly et al, PNAS, Epub ahead of print
•default lateral fronto-parietal activity is high ⇒ stimuli will be perceived
•default medial parietal activity is high ⇒ stimuli will be missed
3 seconds before simulation:
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Lancet, 2000
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Functional connectivitydisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgSchiff et al., Nature, 2007
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Thalamic stimulationdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgSchnakers et al, JNNP in press
Pharmacological stimulationdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
amantadine amantadine
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www.comascience.org
Neuroimaging
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
resting brain functionbrain activation studies
passive paradigmsactive paradigms
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Laureys, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2006
Vegetative is not brain deaddisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Neuroimage, 2002
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
(n=15)
(n=15)
Cortical activationdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Neuroimage, 2002
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Disconnected S1disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
"…a (wo)men’s brain is a mystery...and even more so in this state."
Abla con Ella
Pedro Almodóvar
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Do they hear anything?disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
Laureys et al., Brain, 2000Boly et al, Archives of Neurology, 2004
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Neurology, 2004
Emotional processingdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
Neuroimaging
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
resting brain functionbrain activation studies
passive paradigmsactive paradigms
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www.comascience.orgBoly et al, NeuroImage 36 (2007) 979-92
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
TEN
NIS
NA
VIG
ATIO
NWhen thoughts become action
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Owen, Coleman, Boly, Davis, Laureys and Pickard, Science, 2006
Passive paradigmsdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgOwen, Coleman, Boly, Davis, Laureys and Pickard, Science, 2006
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Active paradigmsdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgDi et al, Neurology, 2007
fMRI precedes the clinic vegetative minimally conscious
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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Ethics &quality of life
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Progress in Brain Research, 2005
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Locked-in syndrome (LIS)disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.orgLaureys et al., Progress in Brain Research, 2005
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Quality of life in LISdisorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
Short Form-36n=17duration 6±4 y
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www.comascience.org
Conclusions
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | methods, ethics & quality of life | perspectives
Laureys, Owen and Schiff, Lancet Neurology, 2005
Not all “coma”disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
NORMALCONSCIOUSNESS
AR
OU
SAL
AW
AR
ENES
SCOMA
AR
OU
SAL
AW
AR
ENES
S
VEGETATIVESTATE
AR
OU
SAL
AW
AR
ENES
S
MINIMALLYCONSCIOUS
STATE
AR
OU
SAL
AW
AR
ENES
S
LOCKED-INSYNDROME
AR
OU
SAL
AW
AR
ENES
S
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www.comascience.org
Take home
• Need for objective markers of consciousness in comatose states
• Vegetative state : disconnection syndrome with dysfunction of fronto-parietal network of “higher order” cortices (default network)
• Minimally conscious state : intact pain & emotional perception
• Locked-in syndrome : unexpected self-scored quality of life
• Much more research is needed
disorders of consciousness | behavioural evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
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www.comascience.org
disorders of consciousness | clinical evaluation | electrophysiology | neuroimaging | ethics & quality of life | conclusion
www.comascience.org