Latin Junior

salvete discipuli!

Who speaks Latin?

• The Romans did.

• The Catholic Church does.

• French comes from Latin.

• It’s a Romance language.

• Vache, for example, comes from vacca.

• Other Romance languages are: – Spanish

– Portuguese

– Italian

• Even English gets half its words from Latin!

to love

French

• j’aime

• tu aimes

• il aime

• nous aimons

• vous aimez

• ils aiment

Latin

• amo

• amas

• amat

• amamus

• amatis

• amant

Test

• I love

• amo

• you (s) love

• amas

• she loves

• amat

• he loves

• amat

• we love

• amamus

• you (pl) love

• amatis

• they love

• amant

Subjects and Objects

• Sentences have a subject and often an object.

• Example: Paul kicks John.

• Another example: The boy sees the postman.

• In Latin, many subjects end in a

• In Latin, many objects end in am

• The word for pope is papa

• I love the Pope = amo papam

• the Pope loves the Mass = papa amat missam

Translate

• amamus • amant • amat • amo • amas • amatis • amat reginam

(queen) • amamus papam

(pope)

• amat vaccam (cow)

• amo puellam (girl)

• amat nautam (sailor)

• amant Mariam (Mary)

• amas gloriam (glory)

• amatis reginam

Translate

• amant papam • amas reginam • amant vaccam • amat nautam • amamus Mariam • amatis gloriam • amo ecclesiam

(church) • amas missam

(Mass)

• amat vaccam (cow)

• amo puellam (girl)

• amat nautam (sailor)

• amant Mariam (Mary)

• amas gloriam (glory)

• amatis reginam

Translate

• amant cenam (supper)

• amamus vitam (life) • amat aquam

(water) • amatis terram

(land, earth) • amas puellam (girl) • papa amat missam • nauta amat aquam • vacca amat terram

• puella amat cenam

• nauta amat puellam

• amo puellam

• amas vitam

• regina amat gloriam

• Maria amat ecclesiam

• amant Mariam

Verbs (1st Conjugation)

• stem-ending

• am-o

• am-as

• am-at

• am-amus

• am-atis

• am-ant

• laudo

• I praise

• he praises

• laudat

• we praise

• laudamus

• they praise

• laudant

Verbs (1st Conjugation)

• aedifico • I build • edifice

• do • I give • donation • laudo • I praise • lauds

• oro • I beg, pray (for) • oratory

• porto • I carry • porter

• voco • I call • vocation

Verbs (1st Conjugation)

• he gives

• dat

• you (s) beg

• oras

• they carry

• portant

• you (pl) praise

• laudatis

• we build

• aedificamus

• she calls

• vocat

• they give

• dant

• we carry

• portamus

• you (s) praise

• laudas

• we pray

• oramus

Nouns (1st Declension)

• vita

• terra

• regina

• puella

• nauta

• aqua

• vacca

• papa

• missa

• ecclesia

• gloria

• Maria

• cena

• incola = native

• herba = grass

• gratia = grace

• mensa = table

• villa = country house

• agricola = farmer

Nouns (1st Declension)

• reginam laudamus

• regina nautam laudat

• reginam nauta laudat

• puella nautam orat

• puellam nauta orat

• vacca herbam amat

• vacca puellam portat

• incola villam aedificat

• puella cenam orat

• Maria gratiam dat

• regina cenam parat*

• papa aquam orat

• Maria ecclesiam vocat

• cenam paramus

• missam incola amat

• nauta terram orat

• puella mensam aedificat

* paro = I prepare

Nominative & Accusative Cases • Example: puella nautam amat

• puella is in the nominative case

• nautam is in the accusative case

• the subject goes in the nominative case

• the direct object goes in the accusative case

• ecclesiam amo: what case is ecclesiam?

• missam puella amat: what case is puella in?

• the nominative case is the “naming” case; it names the subject of the sentence

• the accusative case really means the [ac]causative case, causing the action by simply being there!

Vocative Case • Remember: nouns have cases; verbs don’t!

• Latin has six cases (plus one very minor case)

• the first three cases are:

– nominative

– vocative

– accusative

• the vocative is the calling case (voco)

• in all declensions (apart from 2nd) it looks the same as the nominative

• O regina, te amo. (te = the accusative of tu, you)

• O nauta, te laudo.

Homework - Translate • They love the Mass.

• The cow loves water.

• The sailor praises the queen.

• You (pl.) beg the Pope.

• The native builds a church.

• The girl prepares supper.

• We praise the farmer.

• You (s) build a country house.

• I love you, girl!

• The sailor begs for water.

• The Pope loves Mary.

• I call the farmer.

• The cow chews the grass. (manduco = chew)

• The queen praises glory.

• O Mary, I beg thee!

• We carry water.

Homework - Answers • Missam amant.

• Vacca aquam amat.

• Nauta reginam laudat.

• Papam oratis.

• Incola ecclesiam aedificat.

• Puella cenam parat.

• Agricolam laudamus.

• Villam aedificas.

• Te amo, o puella!

• Nauta aquam orat.

• Papa Mariam amat.

• Agricolam voco.

• Vacca herbam manducat.

• Regina gloriam laudat.

• O Maria, te oro!

• Aquam portamus.

Review Questions • How many cases are there in Latin?

• Name the first three cases: n_________ v_________ a_________

• What kind of words take cases? verbs nouns both

• The nouns we’ve studied belong to the 1st ________

• The verbs we’ve studied belong to the 1st _________

Plural

singular plural

nominative mensa mensae

vocative mensa mensae

accusative mensam mensas

Examples: • Regina puellas amat. • Nautae agricolam laudant. • O vaccae, cur herbam manducatis?

Practice

• Agricola mensas aedificat.

• Incolae reginam non amant.

• O puellae, cur papam non laudatis?

• Cenam laudamus.

• Vaccae puellas portant.

• Mensas aedificas.

• Gloriam amo.

• Papa mensam orat.

• Nauta aquam dat.

• O nauta, cur puellam amas?

• Vitam amamus.

• Nautae gloriam laudant.

• Cur incolae papam non laudant?

Some more words • filia = daughter • cur? = why? • non = not • fenestra = window • manduco = I chew • adiuvo = I help • sed = but • et = and • semper = always • femina = woman • poeta = poet • paro = I prepare

More practice

• Vaccae mensam semper manducant.

• Puellae mensam non portant.

• Feminam adiuvo.

• Cur filia fenestram aedificat?

• Puellae feminam semper adiuvant.

• Fenestram porto.

• Vacca aquam et terram amat.

• Incola villas sed non mensas aedificat.

• Agricola papam adiuvat.

• Cur poetas non amatis?

• Regina poetam non laudat.

• O feminae, cur aquam oratis?

Homework

• The queen praises the land.

• Cows always chew grass.

• The sailors and farmers build villas.

• Why does the girl prepare dinner?

• The native always carries the water.

• The daughters love the Mass.

• The poet does not praise the Pope.

• The woman begs for life.

Homework - Answers

• Regina terram laudat.

• Vaccae herbam semper manducant.

• Nautae et agricolae villas aedificant.

• Cur puella cenam parat?

• Incola aquam semper portat.

• Filiae missam amant.

• Poeta papam non laudat.

• Femina vitam orat.

Some new words • ancilla = maid (female servant)

• insula = island

• silva = wood, forest

• familia = family

• gratia = grace

• ambulo = I walk

• festino = I hurry

• porta = door

• ad = towards + accusative (ad villam = to the villa)

• quattuor = four

• quinque = five

Practice

• Quattuor puellae ad missam festinant.

• Incolae portas et fenestras aedificant.

• Regina ad insulam ambulat.

• Familia ad silvam ambulat.

• Aqua vitam dat, sed Maria gratiam dat.

• Quinque vaccae ad herbam festinant.

• Agricola ad cenam non festinat.

• Nauta ancillam amat.

• Poeta quattuor mensas aedificat.

Genitive case

• Nominative – subject case

• Vocative – calling case

• Accusative – direct object case (also after words like ad)

• Genitive – the of case

• Singular -ae; plural -arum

• Examples:

– vita vaccae

– villa agricolarum

– Ancilla reginae papam laudat.

Genitive case (II)

singular plural

nominative mensa mensae

vocative mensa mensae

accusative mensam mensas

genitive mensae mensarum

Notes: • mensae appears three times in this table • There are two more cases left to learn!

Two ways to translate the genitive

• ancilla reginae

• the maid of the queen

• the queen’s maid

• vaccae agricolarum

• the cows of the farmers

• the farmers’ cows

• use the apostrophe correctly!

Practice • of the girl

• puellae

• of the natives

• incolarum

• of the pope

• papae

• of the tables

• mensarum

• of the wood

• silvae

• of the queens

• reginarum

• of the cows

• vaccarum

• of the daughter

• filiae

• of the windows

• fenestrarum

• of the Church

• ecclesiae

Practice • Mensas poetarum portamus.

• We carry the tables of the poets.

• Nautae puellas insulae amant.

• The sailors love the girls of the island.

• Ad silvam incolarum ambulas.

• You (s) walk to the wood of the natives.

• Puella quinque villas poetae laudat.

• The girl praises the five country-houses of the poet.

• Vaccae herbam papae semper manducant.

• The cows are always chewing the pope’s grass.

• Familiam puellarum laudo.

• I praise the girls’ family.

More practice

• Ancilla reginae ad silvam ambulat.

• The queen’s maid walks to the wood.

• Insulam vaccarum amamus.

• We love the island of the cows.

• Ancilla familiae quattuor cenas parat.

• The family’s maid is preparing four dinners.

• Quattuor vaccae agricolae ad aquam festinant.

• The four cows of the farmer hurry to the water.

• Mensas reginae semper porto.

• I always carry the queen’s tables.

Homework

• Filiam agricolae amo.

• Vaccae reginae ad herbam semper festinant.

• Nautae fenestras villarum aedificant.

• O filiae, cur ancillam reginae non adiuvatis?

• Femina ad villam nautarum festinat.

• Terram incolarum laudamus.

• Vaccae cenam agricolae manducant.

• Filia agricolae poetam reginae non amat.

• Papa ad silvam insulae ambulat.

• Portas et fenestras poetarum aedificat.

The verb To Be

• sum I am

• es you (s) are

• est he/she/it is

• sumus we are

• estis you (pl) are

• sunt they are

Practice • Papa sum.

• Nautae sumus.

• Agricola es.

• Regina est.

• Incolae estis.

• Puellae sunt.

• Regina sum.

• Vaccae sumus!

• Filiae sumus.

• Filia est puella.

• Fenestra non est porta.

• Agricolae sunt incolae.

• Regina non est vacca!

• Papa es.

Dative case

singular plural

nominative mensa mensae

vocative mensa mensae

accusative mensam mensas

genitive mensae mensarum

dative mensae mensis

Notes: • mensae now appears four times in this table • There is only one more case left to learn!

Dative case (II)

• Just as the genitive is the of case…

• So the dative is the to/for case.

• For example:

– I give a book to the daughter.

– I speak to the sailors.

–Christmas is a great time for the girls.

– The shoes belong to the farmer.

–Glory and praise to God!

Dative of possession

• The church has a door.

• There is to the church a door.

• Ecclesiae porta est.

• The farmer has five cows.

• There are to the farmer five cows.

• Agricolae quinque vaccae sunt.

• The villa has four windows.

• There are to the villa four windows.

• Villae quattuor fenestrae sunt.

Practice

• Reginae ancilla est.

• Villae non est mensa.

• Feminis vaccae non sunt.

• Vaccis herba est.

• Papae gloria est.

• Insulae silvae non sunt.

• Puellis cena non est.

• Vaccae vita non est.

Homework

• The girl has a cow.

• The islands have water.

• Mary has grace.

• The villa has five doors.

• The Pope has a church.

• The poets do not have daughters.

• The cows do not have water.

• The land does not have grass.

Homework - Answers

• The girl has a cow.

• Puellae est vacca.

• The islands have water.

• Insulis est aqua.

• Mary has grace.

• Mariae est gratia.

• The villa has five doors.

• Villae sunt quinque portae.

Homework - Answers

• The Pope has a church.

• Papae est ecclesia.

• The poets do not have daughters.

• Poetis non sunt filiae.

• The cows do not have water.

• Vaccis non est aqua.

• The land does not have grass.

• Terrae non est herba.

Dative Case Exercises

• Femina vaccam agricolis dat.

• Incola quattuor mensas ancillae dat.

• Nautae ecclesiam papae dant.

• Herbam vaccae non damus.

• Quattuor portae sunt villae.

• Quinque fenestrae sunt ecclesiae.

• Cena non est ancillae.

• Agricolis non est missa.

New Vocabulary • barba = beard • casa = cottage • dea = goddess • hasta = spear • sagitta = arrow • spelunca = cave • tuba = trumpet • via = road • sex = six • septem = seven

Practice New Vocabulary

• Barbam nautae laudo.

• Quattuor sagittas incolae das.

• Nautae casas semper aedificant.

• Dea sex hastas incolae dat.

• Incolae ad speluncam festinant.

• Papa septem tubas non orat.

• Vaccae sagittas et hastas manducant!

• Feminae aquam ad casam portant.

Introducing Ablative Case

singular plural

nominative mensa mensae

vocative mensa mensae

accusative mensam mensas

genitive mensae mensarum

dative mensae mensis

ablative mensā mensis

Notes: • mensae now appears four times in this table • You’ve now learned all the cases!

Ablative case

• Just as the genitive is the of case…

• And the dative is the to/for case…

• So the ablative is the by/with/from/in case.

• For example: – I was wounded by a spear.

– I make the table with a hammer.

– I live in the woods.

–We went away from the house.

Prepositions

• Latin prepositions take – either the accusative case

–or the ablative case

• Ad takes accusative: –Ad speluncam festino.

• Cum takes ablative: –Regina cum ancillā ad villam festinat.

• In takes ablative: –Vacca in silvis habitat. (habito = I live)

Practice • Agricola in insula habitat.

• Nautae ad viam festinant.

• Femina ad reginam cum filia festinat.

• Agricolae in insula habitant.

• Nauta ad cenam semper festinat.

• Feminae ad papam cum filiabus festinant.

• Agricola ad silvam cum vaccis festinat.

• Papa in ecclesia non habitat.

• Vacca est in via.

Practice - Answers

• The farmer is always in the woods.

• Agricola in silvis semper est.

• The sailor gives water to the cows.

• Nauta aquam vaccis dat.

• The maid hurries to the cave with the queen.

• Ancilla ad speluncam cum reginā festinat.

• The natives live on the island.

• Incolae in insulā habitant.

Practice - Answers

• The queen gives six arrows to the girl.

• Regina sex sagittas puellae dat.

• I give the queen seven spears.

• Reginae septem hastas do.

• We build the villa with the natives.

• Villam cum incolis aedificamus.

• The goddess gives a trumpet to the poet.

• Dea tubam poetae dat.

• The queen has a spear.

• Reginae hasta est.

Dea and Filia

singular plural

nom. dea deae

voc. dea deae

acc. deam deas

gen. deae dearum

dat. deae deabus

abl. deā deabus

singular plural

nom. filia filiae

voc. filia filiae

acc. filiam filias

gen. filiae filiarum

dat. filiae filiabus

abl. filiā filiabus

to avoid confusion with the Latin for ‘god’ and ‘son’, decline as follows:

New vocabulary • a/ab = from (+ abl)

• per = through (+ acc.)

• in = in, on (+ abl.)

• in = into, onto (+ acc.)

• pecunia = money

• celo = I hide

• iacto = I throw

• monstro = I show

• neco = I kill

• specto = I look at

Practice

• Feminae per silvas cum filiabus ambulant.

• Septem hastas in silvis celamus.

• Regina a silva cum sex ancillis ambulat.

• Incola hastam ad reginam iactat.

• Papa gratiam incolis monstrat.

• Agricola vaccam hastā necat.

• Poeta pecuniam in casā celat.

• Agricola vaccam deabus monstrat.

• Sagittas in papam iactant.

Practice

• Pecuniam puellis datis.

• Filiabus pecuniam reginae non datis.

• Vaccae ab insula ad aquam festinant.

• Regina pecuniam sex ancillis semper dat.

• Poeta speluncam nautis non monstrat.

• Incolae in speluncis habitant.

• Incolae hastas in vaccas iactant.

• Papa casas ab insulā spectat.

• Poeta vaccas in insulā celat.

More practice • We hide the money in the island.

• Pecuniam in insulā celamus.

• We look at the Pope with our daughters.

• Papam cum filiabus spectamus.

• The seven natives kill the queen.

• Septem incolae reginam necant.

• He throws grass towards the cows.

• Herbam ad vaccas iactat.

• We give water to the woman.

• Aquam feminae damus.

New vocabulary • a/ab = from (+ abl.)

• e/ex = out of (+ abl.)

• cum = with (+ abl.)

• sine = without (+ abl.)

• in = in/on (+ abl.)

• in = into (+ acc.)

• ara = altar

• hodie = today

• canto = I sing

• corono = I crown

• sto = I stand

Practice new vocabulary

• Papa e villā festinat.

• Puellae cantant.

• Papa reginam coronat.

• Hodie femina est in ecclesiā.

• Incola in mensā stat.

• Agricola in silvam festinat.

• Sine feminā cantas.

• Nauta ex insulā festinat.

• Puella mensam sine ancillis portat.

Practice

• Pecuniam papae damus.

• Vaccae in silvis hodie cantant.

• Casam quattuor fenestris aedificatis.

• Sex tubas deabus damus.

• Papa statuam Mariae coronat.

• Agricolae vaccam sine sagittis necant.

• Sunt septem vaccae in casā.

• Quinque familiae ad ecclesiam festinant.

• Aquam et herbam ad villam porto.

Test • quinque

• fenestra

• ancilla

• sine

• hodie

• quattuor tubae

• portamus

• aedificas

• Regina cantat.

• Agricolae orant.

• five

• window

• maid

• without

• today

• four trumpets

• we carry

• you (s) build

• The queen sings.

• The farmers pray.

Practice

• Vaccae in viā stant.

• Agricolae in silvā semper cantant.

• Quattuor aras aedificas.

• Septem arae sunt deae.

• Sex tubas reginae hodie datis.

• Incolae in insulā stant et cantant.

• Ancilla aram ex ecclesiā portat.

• Vaccae aram deae manducant.

• Regina cum filiā sed sine ancillā festinat.

New vocabulary

• copia = plenty

• inopia = shortage

• pirata = pirate

• laboro = I work

• navigo = I sail

• vexo = I annoy

• pro = in front of / on behalf of (+ abl)

• diu = for a long time

• octo = eight

Practice new vocabulary

• Octo piratae ad insulam navigant.

• Agricolae pro reginā laborant.

• Puella copiam aquae nautis dat.

• Vaccis est inopia herbae.

• Feminae papam vexant.

• Papa pro arā stat.

• Papa pro incolis orat.

• Puellae cenam diu parant.

• Filia reginae poetam hodie vexat.

Practice 1. The girls are walking to the cottage.

2. Today the farmers are working on the island.

3. The Pope prays for a long time on behalf of the queen.

4. The pirates hide the money on the island.

5. The natives build eight cottages.

6. The queen walks to the villa with her daughter.

7. The poet has plenty of money.

8. The cows have a shortage of grass.

9. The girls look for a long time at the four altars.

10.The queen gives plenty of money to the Church.

Answers 1. Puellae ad casam ambulant.

2. Agricolae in insulā hodie laborant.

3. Papa pro reginā diu orat.

4. Piratae pecuniam in insulā celant.

5. Incolae octo casas aedificant.

6. Regina ad villam cum filiā ambulat.

7. Poetae est copia pecuniae.

8. Vaccis est inopia herbae.

9. Puellae quattuor aras diu spectant.

10.Regina Ecclesiae copiam pecuniae dat.

Numbers • one, two and three decline, so we’ll learn

these later

IV. quattuor

V. quinque

VI. sex – sextuplets and sextets

VII. septem – September (originally 7th month)

VIII. octo – October (originally 8th month)

IX. novem – November (originally 9th month)

X. decem – December (originally 10th month)

Practice with numbers

• Novem sagittas in speluncā celo.

• Decem vaccae herbam in insulā manducant.

• Quattuor piratae octo puellas semper vocant.

• Regina sex villas in silvis aedificat.

• Octo agricolae poetam diu vexant.

• Sunt ecclesiae septem arae.

• Incolae pro quinque poetis non laborant.

• Quot sunt quattuor et quinque?

• Quot sunt quattuor et sex?

Can you score 9 or more? • mensa

• gen. s.

• fenestra

• acc. pl.

• sagitta

• abl. pl.

• filia

• abl. s.

• nom. pl.

• dat. pl.

• table

• mensae

• window

• fenestras

• arrow

• sagittis

• daughter

• filiā

• filiae

• filiabus

Some new words

• fossa – ditch

• pila – ball

• occupo – I seize

• post – after, behind (+ acc.)

• pugno – I fight

• scapha – boat

• sub – under (+ abl.)

• sub – up towards (+ acc.)

Homework

• Puella pilam ad poetam iactat.

• Nautae ad insulam in scaphā navigant.

• Sex fossas pro casā aedificatis.

• Pila non est sub mensā.

• Piratae insulam hastis occupant.

• Agricolae cum nautis diu pugnant.

• Puellae aquam sub villam portant.

• Filia pilam post portam celat.

• Papae est barba.

Practice

• The pirates kill the queen with spears.

• Piratae reginam hastis necant.

• We hurry to the island in a boat.

• Ad insulam in scaphā festinamus.

• The natives hurry out of the woods.

• Incolae e silvis festinant.

• The girl has eight balls.

• Puellae sunt octo pilae.

Practice

• The queen hurries out of the villa without her maid.

• Regina e villā sine ancillā festinat.

• The farmers build a ditch behind the cottage.

• Agricolae fossam post casam aedificant.

• She hides the money under the table.

• Pecuniam sub mensā celat.

• Ecclesiam pro Papā aedificamus.

Imperative

• O regina, festina ad ecclesiam!

• O agricolae, non vexate vaccam!

• RULE: add -a when ordering one person.

• RULE: add -ate when ordering several persons.

• O vaccae, herbam manducate!

• O poeta, ama filiam!

• O incolae, ancillam non necate!

• O nautae, ad speluncam festinate!

• O femina, scaphas specta!

New Vocabulary

• saepe = often

• numquam = never

• quod = because

• luna = moon

• Roma = Rome

• via = road, way

Practice

• O incolae, septem fossas pro reginā aedificate!

• Puellae nautas saepe amant.

• O nautae, decem insulas hastis occupate!

• Incolae vias numquam aedificant.

• Spectate lunam, o filiae!

• Romam occupant quod papam non amant.

• Regina pilam filiae numquam dat.

• Piratae cum incolis saepe pugnant.

• Puellae in silvis hodie cantant.

• Vacca pro casā numquam stat.

Practice

• Pilam ad insulam iacta, o ancilla!

• Post portam pecuniam celate, o filiae!

• Lunam numquam specta, o poeta!

• Pugnate cum nautis, o puellae!

• Aedificate novem statuas, o incolae!

• Non occupa scapham, o filia!

• Pecuniam piratarum celate, o puellae!

• Festina ad fossam post ecclesiam, regina!

• Numquam pugna cum nautis, papa!

Practice

• Hurry to the island, o maids!

• The poet builds a road to the cottage.

• The girls often throw the ball into the ditch.

• Hide the money under the altar, o pirates.

• We kill the cow with arrows and spears.

• I give a dinner to the queen’s daughter.

• The cows often sing to the moon.

• I love the poet, but the poet loves the maid.

• Today we are building an altar for the goddess.

Answers

• Hurry to the island, o maids!

• Festinate ad insulam, o ancillae!

• The poet builds a road to the cottage.

• Poeta viam ad casam aedificat.

• The girls often throw the ball into the ditch.

• Puellae pilam in fossam saepe iactant.

• Hide the money under the altar, o pirates.

• Celate pecunian sub ara, o piratae!

Answers

• We kill the cow with arrows and spears.

• Vaccam sagittis et hastis necamus.

• I give a dinner to the queen’s daughter.

• Cenam filiae reginae do.

• The cows often sing to the moon.

• Vaccae lunae saepe cantant.

• I love the poet, but the poet loves the maid.

• Poetam amo, sed poeta ancillam amat.

• Today we are building an altar for the goddess.

• Aram deae hodie aedificamus.

Future Tense

• Reginam laudo.

• Reginam laudabo.

• Papam laudas.

• Papam laudabis.

• Piratas laudat.

• Piratas laudabit.

• Casam laudamus.

• Casam laudabimus.

• Agricolam laudatis.

• Agricolam laudabitis.

• Ancillam laudant.

• Ancillam laudabunt.

Practice

• Ad villam festinabo.

• Papam saepe laudabis.

• Puella pilam iactabit.

• Coronam reginae dabimus.

• In viā stabitis.

• Piratae missam numquam laudabunt.

• Ad lunam saepe spectamus.

• Ad lunam numquam spectabimus.

• Pecuniam piratis monstrabo.

Test

• What is the subject of this sentence? Reginam et filias amamus.

• Which word is the direct object? Vaccae copiam aquae amant.

• Which word is the indirect object? Puella agricolae statuam monstrat.

• Which word is the subject? Aram deae incola aedificat.

• Which word is in the genitive? Feminae insulam piratarum occupant.

New Vocabulary

• de = about; down from (+ abl)

• epistola = a letter

• fabula = a story

• narro = I tell, relate

• sacrifico = I sacrifice

• supero = I conquer, overcome

• cras = tomorrow

• heri = yesterday

Practice

• Ancilla epistolam reginae dabit.

• Poeta fabulam filiabus narrat.

• Piratae insulam occupant et incolas superant.

• Ad villam cras festinabimus.

• Incolae epistolam agricolis monstrabunt.

• Vaccam in arā sacrificabis.

• Septem tubae pro papā cras cantabunt.

• Quinque hastis poeta piratam superabit.

• Sex statuas pro reginā cras aedificabitis.

Test

1. we will hurry

2. you (s) will chew

3. they will show

4. she will pray

5. you (pl) will look

6. I shall build

7. we will sail

8. they will work

9. you (s) will relate

10. he will conquer

• festinabimus

• manducabis

• monstrabunt

• orabit

• spectabitis

• aedificabo

• navigabimus

• laborabunt

• narrabis

• superabit

Spot the mistakes!

• Nautae ad insulam navigabint.

• Nautae ad insulam navigabunt

• Fabulam de reginam narrabo.

• Fabulam de reginā narrabo.

• Novem pilae ancillis dabo.

• Novem pilas ancillis dabo.

• Octem vaccas in arā hodei sacrificabit.

• Octo vaccas in arāhodie sacrificabit.

Practice

• Poetae fabulas puellis cras narrabunt.

• Piratae incolas superabunt et insulam occupabunt.

• Agricolae ad casam feminae cras festinabunt.

• Incolae vaccam in arā necabunt et sacrificabunt.

• Puellae cum agricolis cras cantabimus.

• Poeta feminam amat quod est pecunia in villā feminae.

Practice

• Build a villa on behalf of the queen, natives!

• Aedificate villam pro reginā, o incolae.

• Chew grass, o cow!

• Manduca herbam, o vacca!

• Praise the queen, you maids!

• Laudate reginam, o ancillae!

• Give the pope money, you pirates!

• Date pecuniam papae, o piratae!

Practice

• I will tell a story.

• Fabulam narrabo.

• I will tell the girl a story.

• Fabulam puellae narrabo.

• I will tell the girl a story about a queen.

• Fabulam puellae de reginā narrabo.

• Tomorrow I will tell the girls five stories about the pope.

• Cras quinque fabulas puellis de papā narrabo.

Imperfect Tense

• Reginam laudabo.

• Reginam laudabam.

• Papam laudabis.

• Papam laudabas.

• Piratas laudabit.

• Piratas laudabat.

• Casam laudabimus.

• Casam laudabamus.

• Agricolam laudabitis.

• Agricolam laudabatis.

• Ancillam laudabunt.

• Ancillam laudabant.

Practice

• I hurry • festino • I was hurrying • festinabam • I will hurry • festinabo • we carry • portamus • we were carrying • portabamus

• we will carry • portabimus • he prays • orat • he was praying • orabat • he will pray • orabit • they were praising • laudabant

Practice

• Ad villam festinabam.

• Papam saepe laudabas.

• Puella pilam iactabat.

• Coronam reginae dabamus.

• In viā stabatis.

• Piratae missam numquam laudabant.

• Ad lunam saepe spectamus.

• Ad lunam numquam spectabamus.

• Pecuniam piratis monstrabam.

laudo

present imperfect future

1. s. laudo laudabam laudabo

2. s. laudas laudabas laudabis

3. s. laudat laudabat laudabit

1. pl. laudamus laudabamus laudabimus

2. pl. laudatis laudabatis laudabitis

3. pl. laudant laudabant laudabunt

Practice

• Ancilla epistolam reginae dabat.

• Poeta fabulam filiabus heri narrabat.

• Piratae insulam occupabant et incolas superabant.

• Ad villam heri festinabamus.

• Incolae epistolam agricolis monstrabant.

• Vaccam in arā sacrificabas.

• Septem tubae pro papā heri cantabant.

• Quinque hastis poeta piratam superabat.

• Sex statuas pro reginā heri aedificabatis.

Practice

• O filia, cur non feminam adiuvas?

• O nautae, cur non papam adiuvabatis?

• O poeta, cur non reginam adiuvabis?

• Incolae ad novem speluncas semper festinabant.

• Puella ad quinque insulas saepe festinabit.

• Agricola septem vaccas hastā necabat.

• Regina poetam amat quod poeta reginam amat.

• Parate quattuor cenas papae, o ancillae.

• Aedificate sex fenestras in casā, o incolae.

Practice

• I look at • specto • I was looking at • spectabam • I will look at • spectabo • we pray • oramus • we were praying • orabamus

• we will pray • orabimus • he stands • stat • he was standing • stabat • he will stand • stabit • they were killing • necabant

Fill in missing parts of laudo

present imperfect future

1. s.

2. s. laudas laudabas laudabis

3. s. laudat laudabat laudabit

1. pl. laudamus laudabimus

2. pl. laudabatis laudabitis

3. pl. laudant laudabant

Latin Questions

• How many verb conjugations?

• How many have we studied so far?

• How many noun declensions?

• How many have we studied so far?

• What class of word is cras or hodie?

• What form of the verb is this: festinate!

• How many tenses have we studied so far?

• How many tenses are there in Latin?

• Is Latin your favourite subject?

Latin Questions

• What is ablative plural of fenestra?

• What is genitive singular of papa?

• What is accusative plural of regina?

• What is genitive plural of spelunca?

• What is vocative plural of puella?

• What is 2nd person singular of festino?

• What is 3rd person plural imperfect of amo?

• What is 1st person plural future of laudo?

• Is Latin your favourite subject?

Vocabulary Test

• girl

• supper

• queen

• pope

• ball

• dinghy

• statue

• altar

• arrow

• window

• puella

• cena

• regina

• papa

• pila

• scapha

• statua

• ara

• sagitta

• fenestra

present imperfect future

1. s. neco

2. s. necabas necabis

3. s. necat necabat

1. pl. necamus necabimus

2. pl. necabatis necabitis

3. pl. necant necabant

necas

necatis

necabam

necabamus

necabo

necabit

necabunt

singular plural

nominative mensa mensae

vocative mensa mensae

accusative mensam

genitive mensae mensarum

dative mensis

ablative mensā mensis

Questions: • How many times does mensae appear in this table? • How many times does mensis appear in this table? • How many times does mensā appear in this table?

mensae

mensas

Second Declension

• What do you think servus means?

• What declension do you think it is?

• What gender do you think it is?

• Lots of nouns in the second declension end in -us. Almost all are masculine.

• The vocative singular is serve.

• The vocative only differs from the nominative in this declension, and even then only in the singular.

• The accusative singular is servum.

Practice

• Ancilla et servus ad casam festinant.

• O serve, cur ad villam festinas?

• Ancilla servum amat, sed servus ancillam non amat.

• Servus septem vaccas hastā necat.

• O serve, ubi (where) regina hodie est?

• Filiae agricolam et servum semper vexant.

Second Declension (ii)

• The genitive singular of servus is servi.

• Every noun with an -i genitive ending belongs to the 2nd declension.

• Every noun with an -ae genitive ending belongs to which declension?

• The dative and ablative are both servo.

• Careful! In 1st declension, genitive and dative singular were the same, e.g. terrae.

• But in 2nd declension, dative and ablative singular are the same, e.g. servo.

Second Declension (iii)

• Compare the singular of terra to servus.

• What do you notice?

singular

nominative servus

vocative serve

accusative servum

genitive servi

dative servo

ablative servo

singular

nominative terra

vocative terra

accusative terram

genitive terrae

dative terrae

ablative terrā

Practice

• Ancilla vaccam servo dat.

• Ancilla cum servo ad ecclesiam festinat.

• Regina casam ancillae et servo dat.

• Vaccae herbam servi semper manducant.

• Servus ecclesiam pro papā aedificat.

• Incolae servum decem hastis necant.

• Ancilla ad insulam sine servo ambulat.

• Tubam servo sed non ancillae do.

singular

nominative servus

vocative servus

accusative servum

genitive servi

dative servi

ablative servo

singular

nominative terra

vocative terra

accusative terram

genitive terrae

dative terrā

ablative terrā

terrae

serve

servo

Servus - plural

• What is the genitive singular of terra?

• What is the nominative plural of terra?

• Did you notice anything?

• What is the genitive singular of servus?

• Now guess its nominative plural.

• Its nominative and vocative plural is servi.

• What is the accusative plural of terra?

• Now guess the accusative plural of servus.

• Servi, servi, servos …

Let’s practice

• Quattuor servi novem ancillas vexant.

• Piratae servos et ancillas saepe necant.

• O servi, cur ad ecclesiam festinatis?

• Regina tubam servi ancillae dabit.

• Servi tubam ancillae reginae dabunt.

• Filiae reginae octo servos papae amabant.

• O servi, date aquam vaccis sine morā (delay).

• Quinque servi ecclesiam pro papā aedificant.

• Puella servos in insulā spectat.

Servus - plural

• What is the genitive plural of terra?

• Now guess the genitive plural of servus.

• Servorum.

• What is the dative plural of terra?

• Now guess the dative plural of servus.

• Servis.

• What is the ablative plural of terra?

• Now guess the ablative plural of servus.

• … servorum, servis, servis

Let’s practice again

• Sex mensas servis dabo.

• Casae servorum non sunt in insulā sed in silvā.

• Ancillae ad ecclesiam cum servis festinant.

• Regina octo sagittas servis cras dabit.

• Vaccae servorum vaccas poetae non amant.

• Regina ad casam piratae sine servis ambulat.

• Date tubam servis, ancillae.

• Piratae casas servorum occupant et servos necant.

Let’s decline servus

• servus

• serve

• servum

• servi

• servo

• servo

• servi

• servi

• servos

• servorum

• servis

• servis

Vocabulary – copy this down

• dominus = lord, master

• deus = god (pagan)

• Deus = God (voc. = Deus)

• filius = son

• amicus = friend

• Christus = Christ

• gladius = sword

• Christianus = Christian

• Romanus = Roman

Practice

• Filii et filiae ad villam festinant.

• Incolae aras pro deis et deabus aedificant.

• Agricola septem gladios amicis dat.

• Incolae Christum et Mariam amant.

• O Domine, adiuva papam.

• Christiani sunt amici Christi.

• Romani Christianos gladiis et hastis necant.

• Domine Deus, adiuva Christianos.

• Date gladios filiis et filiabus reginae.

Dea and Filia

singular plural

nom. dea deae

voc. dea deae

acc. deam deas

gen. deae dearum

dat. deae deabus

abl. deā deabus

singular plural

nom. filia filiae

voc. filia filiae

acc. filiam filias

gen. filiae filiarum

dat. filiae filiabus

abl. filiā filiabus

to avoid confusion with the Latin for ‘god’ and ‘son’, decline as follows:

Practice • God gives grace to Christians.

• Deus gratiam Christianis dat.

• The queen gives a cow to (her) sons.

• Regina vaccam filiis dat.

• The queen gives a table to (her) daughters.

• Regina mensam filiabus dat.

• The Romans kill Christians with swords.

• Romani Christianos gladiis necant.

• The gods of the natives do not exist.

• Dei (dii, di) incolarum non sunt.

Practice

• The master of the villa loves (his) family.

• Dominus villae familiam amat.

• We love the friends of the pope.

• Amicos papae amamus.

• Christ is God, and He loves Mary.

• Christus est Deus, et Mariam amat.

• The Church does not have a pope. (There is not to the Church a pope)

• Non est ecclesiae papa.

New Vocabulary

• laetifico = I make happy

• libero = I free, liberate

• iudico = I judge

• spero = I hope

• anima = soul, life

• cithara = harp

• misericordia = mercy

• nunc = now

Practice

• Libera servos, o regina!

• Regina servos et ancillas iudicat.

• Deus Christianos nunc laetificat.

• Poeta non tubā sed citharā cantat.

• Sperate in misericordiā Dei, o incolae.

• Deus animas Christianorum iudicabit.

• Dominus Deus misericordiam Christianis dabit.

• Amici Christi non gladios sed gloriam Dei amant.

• Christus gratiam animae papae dat.

singular

nominative ego

accusative mē

genitive mei

dative mihi

ablative mē

Practice

• Iudica mē, Deus! (Psalm 42)

• Citharam mihi da, o serve!

• Tubae sunt mihi sed non citharae.

• Servi ad ecclesiam sine mē ambulant.

• Ego Dominum Deum semper amabo.

• Regina statuam deae mihi dabat.

• Misericordia Dei est mēcum.

• Incolae mē necant sed Deus mē liberabit.

• Filii ad casam mēcum festinant.

Fill in the missing parts

• Iudica m__, De__! (Psalm 42)

• Citharam m__ da, o serv__!

• Tub__ sunt mei sed non cithar__.

• Servi ad ecclesi__ sine m__ ambulant.

• Eg__ Dominum Deum semp__ amabo.

• Regin__ statuam deae m__ dabat.

• Misericordi__ Dei est m__cum.

• Incolae m__ necant sed De__ mē liberabit.

• Filii ad cas__ mēcum festin__.

plural

nominative nos

accusative nos

genitive nostri/um

dative nobis

ablative nobis

Practice

• Iudica nos, Deus!

• Citharam nobis date, o servi!

• Tuba est nobis sed non cithara.

• Ancillae ad villam sine nobis ambulant.

• Nos Dominum Deum semper amabimus.

• Regina statuam dei nobis dabit.

• Misericordia Dei est nobiscum.

• Incolae nos necant sed Deus nos liberabit.

• Filii ad casam nobiscum festinant.

Fill in the missing parts

• Iudica n__, o regina!

• Cithar__ nobis da__, o servi!

• Tu__ est nostri sed non cithar__.

• Ancillae ad vill__ sine no__ ambulant.

• Nos Domin__ Deum semper amabi__.

• Regina statu__ dei nobis dab__.

• Misericordia De__ est no__cum.

• Incolae nos nec__ sed De__ nos liberabit.

• Fili__ ad casam nobisc__ festinant.

singular

nominative tu

accusative tē

genitive tui

dative tibi

ablative tē

Practice

• Tu, o nauta, nunc es servus reginae.

• Puella tēcum ad ecclesiam festinat.

• Gloria tibi, o Domine.

• Papa mihi et tibi septem tubas dat.

• Incolae in speluncis tē exspectant (wait for).

• Cithara tē laetificat sed non tuba.

• Tibi est anima sed non misericordia!

• Filiae sine tē ad silvas nunc ambulant.

• Tu puellam amas sed puella tē non amat.

singular

nominative vos

accusative nos

genitive vestri/um

dative vobis

ablative vobis

Practice

• Dominus est vobiscum.

• Vobis citharam non dabo, o servi!

• Vos, o agricolae, regina non amat.

• Sperate in Domino, nam vobis gratiam dat.

• Vos Dominum Deum semper amabatis.

• Regina statuam deae vobis dabit.

• Deus vos sine misericordiā iudicabit.

• Incolae vos necant sed Deus vos liberabit.

• Filii ad casam vobiscum festinant.

2nd Declension - Neuter

singular plural

nominative bellum bella

vocative bellum bella

accusative bellum bella

genitive belli bellorum

dative bello bellis

ablative bello bellis

Notes: Neuter nouns always have the same ending for the first three cases.

Some 2nd Declension Neuter Nouns

• caelum = sky, heaven

• regnum = kingdom

• periculum = danger

• praemium = reward

• imperium = power, empire

• oppidum = town

• templum = temple

Practice

• Sumus in periculo.

• Ad bellum festino.

• Praemium tibi do.

• Regina regnum amat.

• Nautae ad oppidum festinant.

• Deus est in Caelo.

• Papa nos a [from] periculis liberabit.

• Regina quattuor praemia vobis dabat.

• Villas oppidi amamus, sed non casas.

Practice • God gives rewards in Heaven.

• Deus praemia in Caelo dat.

• There is danger of war to the queen.

• Est periculum belli reginae.

• We often give rewards to you (pl).

• Praemia vobis saepe damus.

• The moon is in the sky.

• Luna est in caelo.

• The slaves never hurry to the town.

• Servi ad oppidum numquam festinant.

• The queen loves her kingdom.

• Regina regnum amat.

Practice • The queen builds a temple to the goddess.

• Regina templum deae aedificat.