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Latin American Wars for

Independence

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HaitiRuling Country:Cause/Inspiration to Revolt:

Revolutionary Leader:

Effects/Dates:

Spain & France

- French Revolution

- Competition over sugar economy;

- whites vs. free blacks

- slaves revolt

Toussaint L’Ouverture

“I was born a slave, but nature gave me a soul of a free man….”

Liberated slaves on French & Spanish

sides; Napoleon sent troops; L’Ouverture

was captured; 1804 - French go home

1804 = Haitian Independence

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Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, EcuadorRuling Country:Cause/Inspiration to Revolt:

Revolutionary Leader:

Effects/Dates:

Spain

- Enlightenment

- Injustice of Spanish rule

- Fight for all rights

Simon Bolivar – “The Liberator”

-1819-1825; controlled NW S. Amer.:

Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador & Peru

= Gran Colombia

Dream of Unified S. Amer. failed

- Joined with San Martin

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Bolivar’s Gran ColombiaThe Fragmentation of

Bolivar’s Gran Colombia

Weakness of “Regionalism”

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Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay Ruling Country:Cause/Inspiration to Revolt:

Revolutionary Leader:

Effects/Dates:

Spain

General turned revolutionary

Freedom from Spanish

Join efforts with Bolivar

Jose de San Martin

- 1820: Freed Argentina, Chile, Uruguay,

Paraguay

- Liberated Southern South America

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BrazilRuling Country:Cause/Inspiration to Revolt:

Revolutionary Leader:

Effects/Dates:

Portugal

-Independence movement

-Portuguese Prince declares

Independence

Prince Pedro; Pedro I

-1822: Prince Pedro became Pedro I – 1st ruler

of the Empire of Brazil

-Constitutional monarchy established

“…if Brazil starts to demand independence, make sure you are

the one to proclaim it.” – King John VI of Portugal -1820

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MexicoRuling Country:Cause/Inspiration to Revolt:

Revolutionary Leader:

Effects/Dates:

Spain

-Independence movement begun by a

catholic priest: Miguel Hidalgo

-Social justice for Indians, Mestizos, slaves

-Constitutional rule

-He is killed by conservative Creoles

Miguel Hidalgo “Father of Mexico”

-1810 – Hidalgo started movement that would

bring independence to Mexico

-1821 - Independence comes under Creole

dictator

- 1823 – Mexican Republic declared

Common Patterns to

Latin American Wars for Independence

Led by upper-

class colonial

elites = Creoles

(except Haiti-

slave revolt)

Benefitted from

Napoleon’s

conquest of Spain

& Portugal

Inspired by

French and

American

Revolutions

Leaders educated

in Enlightenment

ideas

Independence

was successful…

nation building

was not

Review tip: Review

analytically; ask yourself why?

Or how? Or Impact of?

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Common Patterns to Latin American Wars for Independence

Revolution in- class project

• 1. Create a poster highlighting a revolution.

– Heading

– Catchy slogan

– Background and region

– Driving ideologies/goals

– Key player/s and groups

– Results

• 2. Create a 1-2 minute skit highlighting the key

concepts of the particular revolution.

– 1-2 minutes

– Need written script

– Need to clearly reference/address specific content

– Needs to be clearly informative

Critical Intro:

• The Monroe Doctrine: Imperialism or

Isolationism? Explain.

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Critical Intro:

• Describe “regionalism” and the

impacts of it, in the context of the

Latin American revolutions.

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CubaI. 1868 – Cuba fights for independence in a 10 year war against Spain

a. Islands in ruin, Cuba gave up

b. Many Cubans forced into concentration camps

c. Americans join fight for Cuba

II. Spanish American War

a. Lasted four months, Spain gave up easily

b. Between Spain and Untied States/Mexico/Islands

c. 1901 Cuba became an independent country (by name)

i. However, the U.S. set up a government in Cuba

d. Spain also turned over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the

Philippines to the U.S.

III. Panama Canal – built over 10 years by U.S.

The United States

After revolution – will have Civil War, which will accelerate industrialization in U.S.

◦ Will attract immigrants

Continental Railroad – move west

Canada Did not experience a war for independence

Remained a British colony until 1867 –independence came slowly through series of agreements with Britain ◦ Dominion of Canada – self governing political system officially tied to

Great Britain

Disagreements between French and English settlers

Latin America

Latin American countries fragmented and had problems establishing the legitimacy of their central governments

Dissolved into numerous independent states ◦ Regionalism = identity with a particular region rather

than large area

Leaders emerged – Creole elites◦ Those that disagreed with decisions were met with

violence

◦ Leaders who gathered large armies became known as caudillos

◦ Juan Manual de Rosas, Benito Juarez and Porfirio Diaz

Latin America cont.

Lack of political institutions led to instability in Latin American governments◦ Limited economic development – dependent on other

countries for manufactured goods

Foreign investment in 19th century◦ Led to some advancements

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Greek Independence from Ottoman Empire