LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE Review and Vocabulary

LET’S REVIEW… Conquistadors Hernando Cortes in Mexico Francisco Pizarro in Peru By the mid 16th century Spain’s

American empire includes New Spain (Mexico and Guatemala), and land in Central and South America and the Caribbean

LET’S REVIEW…

VIDEO REVIEW! http://vimeo.com/groups/7988/videos/1

3710580 http://www.history.com/videos/gold-piza

rros-mayan-conquest#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest

LET’S REVIEW… Spanish conquistadors topple the

Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans Colonists oppressed the native people Encomienda Many natives are abused and worked to

death

PENINSULARE In Spanish colonial

society, colonists who were born in Spain

Only peninsulares could hold high office in Spanish colonial government

CREOLE In Spanish colonial

society, a colonist who was born in Latin America to Spanish parents

Could be high-ranking officers in colonial army

PENINSULARES AND CREOLES Together they control the land, wealth,

and power in Spanish colonies

MULATTO Persons of mixed

European and African ancestry

MESTIZO Persons of mixed

European and Indian ancestry

SOCIAL STRUCTURE Peninsulares

Creoles Mestizos Mulattos

Enslaved Africans Indians

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

WORDLE

SIMON BOLIVAR Creole general Venezuela declared

independence in 1811 Numerous defeats,

exiled twice Decisive victory in 1819 Wins independence in

1821 Works with José de San

Martin to liberate others

JOSÉ DE SAN MARTIN Born in Argentina,

spent much time in Spain as a military officer

Returned to Latin America to be a part of its liberation

Liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Left his army for Bolivar to command

MIGUEL HIDALGO Firmly believed in

Enlightenment ideas Issued a call for

rebellion against Spain, known as the grito de Dolores (the cry of Dolores)

Led an Indian and Mestizo army to Mexico City

JOSÉ MARIA MORELOS Takes over for

Hidalgo after his defeat in 1811

Leads the revolution in Mexico for four years

Defeated by Agustin de Iturbide, a Creole officer, in 1815

Tried for treason and executed by firing squad

ACROSTIC B O L I V A R

ACROSTIC S A N

M A R T I N

ACROSTIC H I D A L G O

ACROSTIC M O R E L O S