Early Civilizations of Latin America. Aztec & Incan Empires.
Latin American History From Early Empires to Conquest.
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Transcript of Latin American History From Early Empires to Conquest.
Early Civilizations• Olmec (1500-400 BCE)
• Southern Mexico coastal• Mother of Central America
• Mayan (100-900 CE)• Southern Mexico, Guatemala• Calendar, concept of 0 (zero)
• Aztec (1300-1525 CE)• Central Mexico• Tenochtitlan, maize markets in huge cities
• Inca (1300-1533 CE)• Andes—Ecuador to Chile• Terrace farming, roads, earthquake resistant
buildings, Quecha language
Questions to Consider:• On Columbus…
• Why• What was he looking for?
• 1494—Treaty of Tordesillas…• Why were all cut out but Spain and Portugal?
• How did Pedro Cabral claim Brazil?
The Methods of Conquistadores
• Hernando Cotes• Deception• Alliances of Aztec’s enemies/rivals• Fear factor• Smallpox
• Francisco Pissarro (Pizzarro???)• Deception and lies• Captured the Inca• Smallpox and the flu
Weaknesses of the Empires• Both Aztecs and the Inca
• Lack of immunity to common European diseases—smallpox, flu, measles, plague
• Area too big for the ruler to handle• Conquered peoples treated cruelly
• Aztecs• Superstitions about the horse and armor• Spanish weapons superior in battles
• Inca• Atahualpa kidnapped; no second in command• Politics corrupt and easy to manuver
“Latinized” Culture• Spanish or Portuguese imposed• Christian religion forced by Jesuit and
Dominican missionaries• Class System enforces
• Peninsulars—European-born whites• Creoles—whites born in the New World• Mestizos—white and Indian parents• Mulattos—white and African parents• Indigenous—native peoples• Forced Africans—slaves
Slavery in Latin America• 95% of all African slaves brought to
Latin America • Most to Caribbean• 1/3 to Brazil• 5% to English colonies (13 colonies)
• Encomienda—large farm or ranch with forced indigenous laborers and the white owner living in the hacienda