Latin America II
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Transcript of Latin America II
British Influence
• After 1840, Britain established free
trade. Latin America exported goods to
Britain & their value grew. The
increased revenue from these trades
allowed Latin America to renegotiate
and again service the loans from their
independence era.
• British & other European markets
grew rapidly. British firms offered
Latin America credit, insurance,
transportation for goods once in
country, & marketing facilities.
• The formation of strong national
political structures proved more
difficult than Latin America or Britain
had expected.
British Influence
on Latin American
• Eventually, liberalism had a
profound affect on Latin America and
its economy; i.e., opening markets,
freeing land & labor from colonial
restrictions, abolishing slavery,
reducing the power of the Catholic
church.
• Gradually more powerful national
states were constructed. However, in
Mexico a liberal constitution caused a
civil war.
• Financial connections with Europe
enabled Latin America to take care of
their military and begin public works.
• However, the standard of living in
rural areas tended to deteriorate.
European immigrants were preferred
for jobs and as tenants.
Latin American Wars
• The provincials relied on the gauchos
to form their armies. In the
1820s, Juan Manuel Rosas dominated
the provincial army.
• Rosas maintained a balance of power
through shifting alliances of the
caudillos. He worked for the upper
class, seduced the lower class, and
killed or imprisoned the middle class.
Rosas was elected governor of Buenos
Aires in 1829.
• In 1837, Rosas joined Chile in the
war against Peru-Bolivia
confederations. Rosas eventually had
to withdraw.
Latin American Wars
• Simone Boliva, an aristocrat wanted
freedom and unity for Latin America.
He liberated Columbia and Venezuela.
• Boliva believed sovreignty belonged
to the people. The people turned on
him. On his deathbed he prophesied
that America could not be governed.
• San Martin led an army over the
Andes to free Chile & Peru. In 1821,
Peru declared independence. He
believed the nation should not be
governed by the military.
• Benito Juarez, an Indian, became
President o Mexico. Aided by France,
the conservatives waged war against
him.