Latin america and mexico after independence
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Transcript of Latin america and mexico after independence
Late 19th century and
20th centuries Snapshot
Latin America
& Mexico
(after independence)
Political Changes
• After independence, Nations and Regions in Latin America separated after revolutions:– Gran Colombia– Bolivia and Peru– United Provinces of
Central America
Political Continuities• Caudillo Political Leadership
– Military leaders who rose to power
– Many became dictators
• Importance of the military– Military leadership took control
to end chaos or solve problems others couldn’t solve.
Economic Continuities• Plantation then estate
agriculture for export was a base of the economies.
• Dependency on the West– Western markets
determined Latin American exports
– Latin America was dependent on Western investment and manufactured goods.
– Limited industrialization
Dollar Diplomacy (creating “Banana Republics”)
• Western companies gained considerable political influence.– Was the United
Fruit Company in Central America like the British East India Company?
Economic Changes
• Mining and early oil industry began
• Extension of road and rail networks
• World Wars and Economic depression created major disruptions in LA economies.
Continuity in Latin America – US involvement
Effects of the Great Depression on Latin America
• Foreign investments and purchases declined
• The liberals were discredited and so was laissez-faire capitalism
• Violent coups in 12 countries.
Responses to the Economic Crisis• Socialism or
corporatism – the govt. controlled the economy to mediate the interests of different groups
• Fascism & nationalism
• Reforms to include more groups in govt. and economy.
Effects of World Wars on Latin America• Import substitution
industrialization – growth in industry in Latin America to manufacture what had been imported
• Distrust of Western ideas of government and economy. Growth of . . .– Socialism/communism– Liberation theology