Latihan Soal

THE SUPPORTING FACILITY

The architect for the new undergraduate library is interested in a floor plan that would be viewed as convenient by users. Based on survey data from the old library, student movements between different areas in hundreds of trips per month are noted in the flow matrix below. Prepare a good initial rectangular layout that minimizes total flow distance between nonadjacent areas ; then use operation sequence analysis to improve the layout.

Library Area A B C D E F

A Reserve Room - 5 9 3 7 1

B Reference Room 3 - 8 2 6 2

C Copy Room 1 1 - 7 2 3

D Stacks 2 2 10 - 2 5

E Periodical Room 1 2 6 3 - 2

F Computer Room 1 1 1 4 2 -

Library Area A B C D E F

A Reserve Room - 8 10 5 8 2

B Reference Room - - 9 4 8 3

C Copy Room - - - 17 8 4

D Stacks - - - - 5 9

E Periodical Room - - - - - 4

F Computer Room - - - - - -

Triangularized total flow matrix

Initial Layout

A B C

D E F

Nonadjacent Area Pairs

Flow Distance Total

AC 10 x 2 = 20

AF 2 x 2 = 4

DC 17 x 2 = 34

DF 9 x 2 = 18

76

Final Layout

A C D

B E F

Nonadjacent Area Pairs

Flow Distance Total

AD 5 x 2 = 10

AF 2 x 2 = 4

BD 4 x 2 = 8

BF 3 x 2 = 6

28

MANAGING CAPACITY AND DEMAND

A family-run inn is considering the use of overbooking, because the frequency of no-shows listed below has left many rooms vacant during the past summer season. An empty room represent an opportunity cost of $69, which is the average room rate. Accomodating an overbooked guest is expensive, however, because the nearby resort rooms average $119 and the inn must pay the difference. What would be the expected gain per night from overbooking?

No-shows 0 1 2 3

Frequency 4 3 2 1

Cost of walking guest = $119 - $69 = $50

Overbooking lost table :

No-shows ProbabilityReservation Overbooked

0 1 2 3

0 .4

1 .3

2 .2

3 .1

Expected loss

Cost of walking guest = $119 - $69 = $50

Overbooking lost table :

No-shows ProbabilityReservation Overbooked

0 1 2 3

0 .4 0 50 100 150

1 .3 69 0 50 100

2 .2 138 69 0 50

3 .1 207 138 69 0

Expected loss $69.00 $47.60 $61.90 $100.00

Expected nightly gain from overbooking : $69.00 - $47.60 = $21.40

An airline serving Denvers International Airport and Steamboat Springs, Colorado, is considering overbooking its flights to avoid flying with empty seats. For example, the ticket agent is thinking of taking seven reservations for an airplane that has only six seats. During the past month, the no-show experience has been

The operating costs associated with each flight are pilot, $150 ; first officer, $100 ; fuel, $30 ; and landing fee, $20. What would be your recommendation for overbooking if a one-way ticket sells for $80 and the cost of not honoring a reservation is a free lift ticket worth $50 plus a seat on the next flight? What is the expected profit per flight for your overbooking choice?

No-shows 0 1 2 3 4

Percentage 30 25 20 15 10