CNC Programming Lathe Axes Designation Lathe Lathe Axes Designation.
Lathe Level I
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Transcript of Lathe Level I
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MModulodulPraktikumPraktikum CNCCNC Level ILevel I
IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION
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The Denford CNC (Computer Numerical Control) unit tted
to Denfords range of machine tools is a FANUC compatible
system hich uses !"# code format$
This manual co%ers the stages in%ol%ed in producing the
coded instructions& used by the CNC unit to ma'e the
component$ These coded instructions are called the part
program$
ach part program contains a number of dierent codes&
the most important being the collection of * and + codes$ssentially& these form the basic language used to
describe ho a component ill be manufactured& the
order in hich to carry out machining tas's& hen to
change tools& ho fat to cut into the material etc$
The front sections of this manual co%er the basics of part
programming& including guidelines for general layout and
commands$ ach section builds progressi%ely& using plain&
easy to follo te,t& to co%er the most common aspects ofprogramming$ At the end of this stage& the operator
should be condent enough to tac'le basic part
programming$
Naturally& this manual cannot -teach. the operator
e%erything there is to 'no about programming$ The
sub/ect is simply too %ast to include it all$ The content of
this manual does& hoe%er& form a good basis from hich
to start learning and hopefully inspires condence is singmore technically structured documents$
The G Codes and M Codes sections contain information
hich are more specic to certain commands and
functions0 these sections are intended more as a
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FFEED FUNCTIONEED FUNCTION
M CM CODESODES(MISCELLANEOUS(MISCELLANEOUSFUNCTIONS)FUNCTIONS)
G CG CODESODES(PREPARATORY(PREPARATORY
FUNCTIONS)FUNCTIONS)
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The mo%ement of the tool at a specied speed for cutting
is called the Feedrate$
The federate is dened using the F address letter folloed
by a numerical %alue$
Using the *2 code& the federate is dened in !nches per
minute$
Using the *1 code& the federate is dened in +illimetres
+iscellaneous functions& called M odes& are used by the
CNC to command on3o signals to the machine function$
ie& +24 5 spindle forard (C6)& +27 5 spindle stop& etc$
The functions allocated to loer + code number are
constant in most CNC controls& although the higher +
code number functions can %ary from one ma'e of
controller to the ne,t$
An + code is dened using the + address 8etter and a to
digit number as follos$
+ 22
Address To digit number
9reparatory functions& called G odes! are used to
determine the geometry of tool mo%ements and operating
state of the machine controller: functions such as linear
cutting mo%ements& drilling operations and specifying theunits measurement$
A * code is dened using the * address letter and a to
digit number as follos$
* 22
Address To digit number
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;A*!AN !;A*!AN !
CNC 8AT
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PPROGRAMROGRAMSTRUCTURESTRUCTURE
BBLOCKLOCKCONFIGURATIONCONFIGURATION
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G CG CODESODES
G40G40G41G41
G42G42(TOOLS NOSE(TOOLS NOSERADIUSRADIUSCOMPENSATION)COMPENSATION)
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CANC88AT!#N #F T##8 N#" >AD!U" C#+9N"AT!#N
(*=2)
The *=2 code is used to cancel Tool nose radius
compensation$
A *=2 command can only be performed in a bloc' in
hich a linear mo%e (ie& *22& *21& *?) is programmed$
Folloing a radius or taper performed in compensation
mode& it is recommended that the to ne,t bloc's both
contain straight (linear) mo%es before a *=2 cancellation
code can be programmed$
These straight (linear) mo%es need only be slightly larger
than the tool nose radius$
The CNC control enters compensation cancel mode
automatically hen@
1) The machine poer is rst sitched on$
) The reset button on the C>T3+D! controller panel is
The folloing part program for a nishing pass shos the
recommended method for start0up and cancellation@
;!88T B4 77:
#22=?:
N2212 * *E *1 "4222 +24:
N222 +2 T2727:
N2242 *22 B44 :
N22=2 *21 22 F2$4:
N2272 B01 F2$1:N222 *22 B1 1:
N22E2 *21 *= B12 2 F2$: ("tart0Up)
N22?2 *24 B17$? 0$477 >4$2 F2$27:
N222 *21 B 4 F2$1:
N2122 072:
N2112 B44:
N212 *? *=2 U2 62: (Cancellation)
N2142 +42:
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T##8 N#" >AD!U" C#+9N"AT!#N "TA>T0U9 (*=1 5
*=)
The operation instructing a machine to sitch to tool noseradius compensation mode is called the start-upbloc'& or
ramping on bloc'$ The start0up bloc' is used to allo the
tool time to change from mo%ing along the programmed
path line to folloing either side or the programmed path
line$
The start0up bloc' should satisfy the folloing points@
1) A *=1 or *= code must contained in the bloc'&
or specied in the pre%ious bloc'$
) A *21 B$$$ $$$ mo%e is specied in the bloc' and thedistance of the linear mo%e must be greater than the
tool nose radius$
4) The tool nose radius %alue& ->.& entered into the tool
osets table must not be 22$
=) The correct tool direction (orientation) number& -T.
must be entered into the tool osets table$
NOTE 1.
A *2 or *24 circular interpolation command cannot bespecied in the start0up bloc'$
NOTE 2.
!n tool nose radius compensation start0up& to bloc's are
read into the CNC control$ The rst bloc' is performed and
the second bloc' is entered and held in memory$
!n subseGuent compensation mo%es& to bloc's are read
in ad%ance& so the CNC control has the bloc' currently
being performed and the ne,t to bloc's in memory$
This is because tool nose radius compensation alaysneeds to 'no hat happens in the mo%e folloing the
one being currently performed$ The CNC control can plan
ahead to calculate the correct end position for the current
mo%e& that ill also be the correct start position alloing
for cutter compensation& for the ne,t mo%e$
NOTE 3.
The codes *=2& *=1 and *= are modal& belonging to the
same modal family$ They are incompatible ith each other
on the same bloc'$
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6#>H 9#"!T!#N AND +#I+NT C#++AND
The four diagrams belo illustrate the direction of
compensation codes *=1 and *=& in or'ing situations$
6#>H 9#"!T!#N AND +#I+NT C#++AND
6hen tool nose radius compensation is reGuired in a CNC
program& the position of the billet in respect to the tool
must be specied using the table belo$
*
code
Direction Tool 9ath
*=2 Cancel +o%ement along programmed path
*=1 8efthand
+o%ement on the left hand side of theprogrammed path
*= >ight
hand
+o%ement on the right hand side of the
programmed path
The to diagrams belo illustrate the direction of
compensation codes *=1 and *=& in relation to your eye
le%el$
G41 58FT !*
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NT>!N* TCT!#N AND8N*T< IA8U"
The machine controller reGuires three main pieces ofinformation& in order to calculate the cutter compensation
for each tool$ These three pieces of information& enteredinto the tools oset table& are@1) B and & referring to the tool oset %alues (accounting
for the dierent length of each tool)$
) >& referring to the tool nose radius$
4) T& referring to the direction of the tool nose (the tool
orientation)$
A ma,imum of 1 complete oset %alues can be listed inthe table$
The table belo shos an e,ample set of osets$
B 8N*TAD!U"
T##8D!>CT!#
N
Tool B > T
1 014?$2 0E$=7= 2$= 4
011$?7 0?4$1?7 2$?
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
17 017$=7 072$447 2$2 21 01E$47 0E7$7 2$= =
NOTEFrom the eight tool direction numbers a%ailable to indicatethe orientation of the imaginary tool nose& the number &4 and = correspond to@
5 ;orin bar cuttin toards the chuc'$
TT& A"
"N F#88#6!N* TCT!#N
#F +#I+NT& F>#+ ;
T##8
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AB" D!>CT!#NF#> T##8 N#"NU+;>!N* TA;8&"CT!#N #F !+A*!NA>J T##8 N#"
The direction of the tool nose refers to its orientation in
respect to the billet position& ie& hich ay the tool ispointing& for e,ample& up and toards the left$ ach tool
direction has a number& from 2 5 & entered into the Tool
#sets table ne,t to the letter -T.$ !n addition to -T. the
tool length (B and oset) must also be entered together
ith a tool tip radius %alue ->.
The table ne,t page shos the tool directions for numbers
KB
AB!"
D!>(CT!#N
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!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# 1(8FT !N*)
!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# (>!*J T##8 N#" N# 4
(8FT N!N*)
!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# =
(>!*J T##8 N#" N# 7
!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N#
!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# E
!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# ?
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TA;8 "CT!#N
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T##8 >AD!U"
To nd the correct amount of nose radius for the tool tip&
refer to the labelling on the original tool deli%ery bo,$
;elo is an e,ample of a tool tip code bo,& from !"# 1?4
5 1?7@
C N + * 1 2= 1 F N
1 4 = 7 E ?
!n the abo%e tip code bo,& the amount in bo, number E&
translates to a radius of 1$ mm
9AT< F#88#6D ;J "#FT6A>
>F>NC 9#!NT (D#TTD 8!N)
!" ;8#6 TCUTT!N* #N T!A8)
9AT< F#88#6D ;J "#FT6A>
>F>NC 9#!NT (D#TTD 8!N) !"
A;#I TCUTT!N* #N
T!A8 A6AJ)
K AB!"D!>CT!#N
K,
AB!"
D!>(C
T!#N
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The collection of *=2& *=1 and *= codes allo the
machine controller to produce arcs and tapers on the
billet& %ery accurately& by automatically accounting for the
radius shape on the tools nose$ 6ithout tool nose
compensation& the prole cut by the tool nose ould be
sub/ect to undercutting and o%ercutting$
Tool nose radius compensation is not reGuired if the tools
cuts parallel to the B and a,es& as shon belo$ The
softare reference point and the cutting edge of the tools
both follo the same path$
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G CG CODESODES
G70G70(FINISHING CYCLE)(FINISHING CYCLE)
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After part prole rough cutting has been completed& usingthe *E1& *E or *E4 codes& the *E2 code can be used to
perform a nishing cut3pass$
A *E2 nishing pass command is ritten in the folloing
format@
*E2 9nsLn"
here&
ns M The seGuence number of the start bloc' for the
NOTE 1.
The to functions federate& F& and spindle speed& "&
commanded beteen the seGuence numbers ns and n"
ill only be eecti%e in the *E2 operation$
NOTE 2.
6hen the nishing pass is ended by reading the n"
seGuence number& the tool returns to the position it as
originally at before the *E2 as commanded$
NOTE 3.
!n the bloc's beteen the seGuence numbers nsto n"& no
sub programs can be called into operation$
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The *E1 code commands a multiple repetiti%e cycle&
sometimes referred to as a canned cycle$
Canned cycles are used ithin a CNC program to simplify
programming& since only the dimensions describing the
reGuired component prole are reGuired$ The CNC control
ill then generate the roughing cuts needed to ma'e this
component prole& from ithin its on memory$
;elo is a simplied diagram of the +o%ements of a *E1
canned cycle@
here&> M >apid Tra%erse
F M Feed
U1 M Depth of cut in B a,is
U M Finishing alloance in B a,is
6 M Finishing alloance in a,is
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A *E1 command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E1 U(1) >:
*E1 9nsLn"U() 6 F:
here&
U(1) M Depth of cut in the B a,is (>adius %alue)
> M scaping amount (>etract)
ns M "eGuence number of the rst bloc' of the
programmed nished shape$
nf M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the
programmed nished shape
U() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the B a,is (Diameter %alue)
6 M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the a,is$
F M Feedrate for >oughing
N ns$$$$ :
$$$$ :
F $$$ :
" $$$ :
$$$$ :
N n"$$$$ :
NOTE 1.
!n canned cycle *E1& only an B a,is mo%e is permitted in
the rst bloc' of the nished prole (the nsbloc')
NOTE 2.
#nly *22& *21& *2& *24 and *2= can be programmed
beteen nsand n"bloc's$
!n the preceeding diagram& the seGuence of tool mo%es inthe *E1 cycle is as follos@
+o%e 1 5 From the start position& the tool retracts aay
from the start point$ The distance it mo%es eGuates to U
along the B a,is and 6 along the a,is& at a rapid
feedrate$
+o%e 5 The tool mo%es the distance U1& along the B a,is
toards the billet centreline& at a feedrate corresponding
to the * code in the nsbloc' (*21 or *22)$
+o%e 4 5 The tool mo%es along the a,is toards the
spindle& to a point that the CNC control has calculated in
relation to the nished prole$ The feedrate used is stated
in the second bloc' of *E1$
+o%e = 5 At this point the tool retracts in the B and a,es
aay from the or'& at an angle of 17 degrees$ The
escaping amount (ie& the retracting distance)& >& is stated
in the rst bloc' of the *E1$ A rapid tra%erse feedrate is
used$
+o%e 7 5 The tool then retracts along the a,is& at a rapid
feedrate until it reaches the start point of that same
diameter$
+o%e 5 From this point& mo%e numbers & 4& = and 7 are
repeated by the CNC control unit& until the programmed
shape beteen ns and n" has been roughed out$
+o%e E 5 After all the roughing passes are completed (ie&
a rough component shape is %isible)& the CNC control ill
perform a single roughing prole pass at the *E1 stated
feedrate$ 6hen this single pass is complete the tool ill
retract to the original starting position of the *E1$ The
ne,t bloc' ill then be read into the CNC control$
+o%e ? 5 !f the ne,t bloc' contains *E2 9nsLn"& the CNC
control ill use the same tool to perform a nishing pass
at a feedrate and spindle speed contained beteen ns
and n"$
"hould a dierent tool be reGuired to perform the nishing
pass& the bloc' after n"ould instruct the machine to
mo%e to a tool change position$ The ne,t bloc' ould
instruct the machine to change to the tool reGuired for the
+o%e commands are
specied beteen program
bloc' numbers nsto n"
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AB" D!>CT!#N F#>T##8 N#"NU+;>!N* TA;8&"(CT!#N
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,ample of programming an internal prole using a
multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E1)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$
N222 $$$$$$ :
N22E2 *22 B1$2 $2: ("tart and Finish 9osition)
N22?2 *E1 U1$7 >2$7:
N222 *E1 9122 L1E2 U01$7 62$2E F2$2E7:
N2122 *21 B4$2 F2$4: (ns)
N2112 2$7:
N212 B4$2 01$7 F2$27:
N2142 017$2 F2$2E:
N21=2 B2$2 042$2:N2172 0=4$7:
N212 *24 B1E$2 0=7 >1$7 F2$27:
N21E2 *21 B 17$?: (n")
N21?2 *E2 9122 L1E2: (Finishing 9ass)
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The *E cycle is similar to the *E1 e,cept that the cut isapplied in the a,is$
The diagram belo shos the tool mo%ements for a *E
mo%e@
here&
F M Feed$
> M >apid Tra%erse$
6(1) M Depth of cut
6() M Finishing cut in a,is
U M Finishing cut in B a,is
A *E command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E 6(1) >:
*E 9ns Lnf U 6() F:
here&
6(1) M Depth of cut in the a,is$
> M scaping amount (>etract)$
ns M "eGuence number of the rst bloc' of the
programmed nished shape$
nf M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the
programmed nished shape$
U M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the B a,is
6() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the a,is (Diameter %alue)$
F M Feedrate for >oughing
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The function of the *E4 canned cycle is to permit thecutting of a programmed prole repeatedly$ !t is manly
used for machined parts here the rough shape has
already been formed by either tough machining& forging
or casting$
here&
F M Feed$
> M >apid patterns$
U (1) M Distance and direction of relief in the B a,is
direction (>adius %alue)
6 (1) M Distance and direction of relief in the a,is
direction$
A *E4 command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E4 U(1) 6(1) >:
*E4 9nsLn"U() 6() F:
here&
U(1) M Depth of cut in the B a,is (>adius %alue)
6(1) M Depth of cut in the a,is
> M scaping amount (>etract)
ns M "eGuence number of the rst bloc' of the
programmed nished shape$
n" M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the
programmed nished shape$
U() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the B a,is (Diameter %alue)$
6() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance
in the a,is (Diameter %alue)
M
,ample of programming an e,ternal prole using a
multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$
N22=2 $$$$$$ :
N2272 *22 B?1$2 $2: ("tart and Finish 9osition)
N222 *E 6$2 >2$7:
N22E2 *E 9?2 L172 U2$7 61$2 F2$1:
N22?2 *22 02$2: (ns)
N222 *21 B?2$2 F2$:
N2122 B2$2 612$2 F2$2E7:
N2112 612$2:
N212 B=2$2 612$2:
N2142 62$2:
N21=2 B1?$2 611$2:
N2172 61$2: (n")
N212 *E2 9?2 L172: (Finishing 9ass)
N21E2 $$$$$$
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NOTE 1.
An B and A,is mo%e must be programmed in the ns
bloc'
NOTE 2.
The four cutting patterns used by *E1 can also be used by
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,ample of programming an e,ternal prole using a
multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E1)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$
N2272 $$$$$$:
N222 *22 B?$2 $2:
N22E2 *E4 U12$2 612$2 >4$2:
N22?2 *E4 92 L172 U$2 61$2 F2$1:
N222 *22 B17$2 2$7: (ns)N2122 *21 B2$2 0$22 F2$27:
N2112 042$2 F2$2E7:
N212 B=2$2 07$2:
N2142 07$2:
N21=2 *2 B2$2 0127$2 >12$2:
N2172 *21 B?$2 011$2: (n")
N212 *E2 92 L172:
N21E2 $$$$$$:
The folloing diagram illustrates the mo%ements of a *E=
command if used in con/unction ith a U0drill Chip
brea's 3 9ec' cycles are useful for limiting the siOe of the
aste sarf$
A *E= command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E= >(1):
*E= B(U) (6) 9 L >() F:
here&
>(1) M 9ec' >eturn amount$
B(U) M Diameter of the bore if stepo%er is used (ie&
stepping along the B a,is to repeat the pec' cycle)(6) M Depth of the bore$
9 M "tepo%er in the B a,is measured in micronPs
(ithout sign)$
L M 9ec'ing depth in the a,is measured in micronPs
(ithout sign)
F M Feedrate
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MModulodulPraktikumPraktikum CNCCNC Level ILevel I
G74G74(END FACE PECK(END FACE PECKDRILLING CYCLE)DRILLING CYCLE)
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NOTE 1.*E= is a chip brea' cycle (ie& pec' drilling)& not a deep
hole drilling cycle here the drill retracts clear of the hole
hen it pec's$
NOTE 2.
!n a *E=& the absolute %alues of B and may be replaced
ith the incremental %alues U and 6$
,ample of programming an end face pec' drilling cycle
(*E=)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)
N22E2 $$$$$$:
N22?2 *22 B4$2 $2:
N222 *E= >2$7:
N2122 *E= B47$2 0=2$2 9=222 L12222 >2$7 F2$:
N2112 $$$$$$:
!n the abo%e program& the drill is positioned at B4$2 $2$
From this point& the *E= command is read into the CNC
control$ The drill mo%es forard 12mm (the L %alue) and
then retracts 2$7mm (the > (1) %alue)$ These mo%ements
are repeated until the full depth is leached (the (6)
%alue)$
At this point& the drill mo%es in a minus direction along the
B a,is (toards the spindle centreline) 2$7mm (the > ()
%alue)& then it retracts at a rapid tra%erse rate to the start
position in the a,is$ From this point& the drill mo%es in a
positi%e direction along the B a,is =mm (the 9 %alue) and
the seGuence of pec' drilling mo%es is repeated until theB a,is diameter and a,is depth stop is reached$ The tool
ill repeat this operation of pec' drilling each cut0in
section until the correct hole diameter is achie%ed$
After all the mo%es ha%e been completed& the drill is
retracted bac' to the start osition in the a,is and the
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G CG CODES !ODES !
G7"G7"(OUTER(OUTERDIAMETER #DIAMETER #INTERNALINTERNALDIAMETERDIAMETERDRILLING ANDDRILLING ANDGROOVINGGROOVINGCYCLE)CYCLE)
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The *E7 command permits drilling and groo%ing in the B
a,is$ A chip brea' cycle is also possible 5 chip brea'ing is
the same as drilling in pec'ing stages to limit sarf siOe$
A *E7 command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E7 >(1):
*E7 B(U) (6) 9 L >() F:
here&
the denitions of >(1)& B(U)& (6)& 9& L& >() and F are
the same as *E=$
NOTE 1.
6hen *E7 is used for groo%ing& the retract mo%e (> ()) at
the base of the groo%e may be impossible& unless a
clearance amount has been pro%ided$ !f no clearance
amount has been left& the > () %alue must be Oero of
omitted from the bloc'$
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G CG CODESODESLabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM E
,ample of programming a *E7 command for groo%ing$
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)
N2272 $$$$$$:
N222 *22 B7$2 0?$2:
N22E2 *21 B$2 F2$2E7:
N22?2 *22 B7$2:
N222 60$7:N2122 *E7 >2$7:
N2112 *E7 B2$2 0=2 9722 >2$7 F2$2E7:
N212 $$$$$$:
The *E command contains& ithin to bloc's& all the
information reGuired to generate a standard thread form
and pitch$
A *E uses one edge cutting to reduce the load on the
tool tip$
A *E command is ritten in the folloing format@
*E 9(A) 3 (;) 3 (C) L(+in) >:
*E B(U) (6) 9(D9) L(1st) F:
here&
9(A) M Number of thread nishing passes (1 to )9(;) M The chamber amount$ This is the angle at hich
the tool lea%es the billet& at the end of the thread
cutting cycle$
9(C) M The angle of the tool tip (?2o& 2o& 77o& 42o& o&
and 2o)
Note 5 (A)& (;) and (C) are all specied at the
same time by the address 9& eg& 92422 M
number of cuts is 24& chamfer amount of 2 and
tool angle of 2o$
L(+in) M +inimum cutting depth (in microns)$6hen the depth of the cut calculated by the CNC
control becomes less than this limit& the cutting
depth is clamped at this minimum %alue$
> M Finishing alloance$ This is the nal& or nishing&
cuts applied to the thread$ The number of stages
to complete this nishing alloance is
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G7$G7$(MULTIPLE(MULTIPLETHREAD CUTTINGTHREAD CUTTINGCYCLE)CYCLE)
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continuedQ$$
B(U) M The end position of the thread in the B a,is (the
core diameter)$(6) M The end position of the thread in the a,is$
9(D9) M The depth of the thread as a radius %alue (in
microns)$
L(1st) M The depth of the rst pass as a radius %alue (in
microns)$
F M The siOe of the thread itch$
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NOTE 1.
6hen incremental dimensions are used& their signs (5 or
K) are dened as follos@
U and 6 M 9lus3+inus (determined by the direction of the
tool path)$
> M 9lus3+inus (determined by the direction of the tool
path)
9 M 9lus (alays)
L M 9lus (alays)$
NOTE 2.
Four symmetrical patterns can be considered depending
on the sign (plus or minus) of the B and a,is
mo%ements$
,ample of programming a multiple thread cutting cycle
(*E)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)
N222 $$$$$$:
N2122 *22 B1$7 7$2:
N2112 *E 924222 L172 >2$24:
N212 *E B14$7= 0=2$2 91 L422 F$2:
N2142 $$$$$$:
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G CG CODESODES
G%1G%1(DEEP HOLE(DEEP HOLEDRILLING CYCLE)DRILLING CYCLE)
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,ample of programming an internal thread cutting cycle
(*E)
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)
N222 $$$$$$:
N2122 *22 BE$ 7$2:
N2112 *E 92=222 L122 >2$2=:
N212 *E B42 0=2 92 L22 F1$7:
N2142 $$$$$$:
The command *?1 performs a deep drilling operation&
here the drill retracts completely out of the hole at each
pec'$ The denition of one of these operations is called a
one pass cycle$
!f a repetition of the cycle is reGuired& only the %alues that
change need to be entered into the ne,t bloc'& ie& the
depth$
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SUMMARY &' CNC LATHE INSTRUCTION
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(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$
Absolute&
N2272 $$$$$$:
N222 *22 B2$2 $2:
N22E2 *?1 02$2 F2$1:
N22?2 047$2:
N222 0=7$2:
N2122 072$2:
N2112 *$$$$$$:
!n the abo%e program& the drill is positioned at the start
point and *?1 02$2 F2$1 is read into the machine
controller$ The drill then cuts into the billet to the stated
position (02$2) and then raid tra%erses bac' to the
starting point$ At this point& the ne,t bloc' is read into the
machine controller (047$2)$ The drill rapid tra%erses
forard to ithin 1mm of the pre%ious cut (01$2) here
cutting starts for this pass$ These mo%es continue (cut0in&
rapid out to start& rapid bac' to ithin 1mm)& until the lat
bloc' containing a a,is bloc' has been completed$ The
ne,t bloc' containing a dierent * code ill cancel the
(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$
!ncremental&
N2272 $$$$$$:
N222 *22 B2$2 $2:
N22E2 *?1 60$2 F2$1:
N22?2 604E$2:
N222 60=E$2:
N2122 607$2:
N2112 *$$$$$$:
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G00 F* T+,-+-*22 causes linear motion to the gi%en position at the ma,imum federate$Formula@ 0 *22 , Absolute system
0 *22 U 6 !ncremental system
G01 L/-+ T+,-+-*21 causes linear motion to the gi%en position at the last specied federate$Formula@ 0 *21 B F Absolute system
0 *21 U 6 F !ncremental system
G02#G03 A+ T+,-+-G02 Clock wise Arc*2 causes a cloc'ise arc to the specied position$Formula 1@ 0 *2 B > F Absolute system
0 *2 U 6 > F !ncremental systemFor arc ith less or eGual 1?2o
Formula @ 0 *2 B ! H F Absolute system0 *2 U 6 ! H F !ncremental systemFor arc until full circle or 42o
G03 Counter Clockwise Arc*24 causes a counter cloc'ise arc to the specied position$Formula 1@ 0 *2 B > F Absolute system
0 *2 U 6 > F !ncremental systemFor arc ith less or eGual 1?2o
Formula @ 0 *2 , ! H F Absolute system0 *2 U 6 ! H F !ncremental systemFor arc until full circle or 42o
G04 D- T-*2= causes the program to ait for a specied amount of timeFormula@ 0 *2= B time in second
0 *2= U time in second0 *2= 9 time in 131222 second
G20#G21 M-+--/* /*G20 Imperial*2 causes positions to be interpreted as being in imperial units$
This can only be at the start of the main program$
Formula@ 0 *2G21 Metric*1 causes positions to be interpreted as being in metric units$
This can only be at the start of the main program$Formula@ 0 *1
G2% G& *& R-'-+-/- P&/**? causes a fast tra%erse to the specied position and then to the machine datum$
G40#G41#G42 C&5-/*&/ T&&G40 Cancel Compensation*=2 cancels tool nose radius compensation or mo%ement along programmed path$
G41 Compensate Left*=1 enables tool nose radius compensation to the left of the programmed path$G42 Compensate Right
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*= enables tool nose radius compensation to the right of the programmed path$
G"0 C&&+6/*- S-**/ /6 C5 S5/6-G0 Coor!inate "etting*72 sets coordinate setting bloc' has an -B.& -.& -U. or -6. upon it$ *72 creates ane coordinate system in hich the tools current position is set to the speciedcoordinates$ The ne coordinates can be in absolute or incremental form$G0 Clamp "pin!le*72 sets the ma,imum spindle speed for constant surface spped control$
G70#G71#G728G73 M*5- C9-G#0 $inishing C%cle*E2 causes a range of bloc's to be e,ecuted& then control passes to the bloc' afterthe *E2$ *E2 uses to nishing *E13*E3*E4$G#1 Multiple &urning*E1 causes the prole to be roughed out by turning$ Control passes on to after thelast bloc' or the prole$ To *E1 bloc's are needed to specify all the %alues$
Formula@ 0 *E1 U > Fist ;loc'0 *E1 9 L U 6 F "econd ;loc'
G72 M*5- F/*E causes the prole to be roughed out by facing$ Control passes on to after thelast bloc' of the prole$
To *E bloc' are needed to specify all the %alues$Formula@ 0 *E 6 > Fist ;loc'
0 *E 9 L 6 F "econd ;loc'
G73 P**-+/ R-5-*/*E4 causes the prole to be roughed out by displacing the prole$ Control passes on
to after the last bloc' of the prole$ To *E4 bloc' are needed to specify all the%alues$Formula@ 0 *E U 6 > Fist ;loc'
0 *E 9 L U L F "econd ;loc'
G74 E/6 F- P-: D+/*E= is a a,is pec'ing cycle$
To bloc's are reGuired$
G7" D-*-+ D+/ &+ G+&&,/ C9-*E7 is an B a,is pec'ing cycle$
To bloc's are reGuired$
T;- &' T 9!TC< D9T< TA9P* D>!88
1$ 1$1E2 2$47 2$1=E 1$7
1$? 1$4E2 2$47 2$1=E 1$=7
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A *2 is the diameter cutting cycle$ !t is the eGui%alent of
1 S rapid to B position
2 S feed to B position
3 S feed to start B positionS rapid to start position
G>2 T4 F/ C9-A *= is an end face cutting cycle$ !t is the eGui%alent of
1 S rapid to position S feed to B position4 S feed to start position= S rapid to start B position
!f an ->. %alue is specied tapering ill be performed$ The initial rapid mo%e ill beto the position plus the ->. %alue$
S5/6- S5--6 O5*&/G'( Constant "urfaceG'( )na*les Constant "urface "pee!G'# +ormal "pin!leG'# Cancels Constant "urface "pee!
The spindle speed ill not change until the ne,t -". %alue is reached$
F--6 R*- O5*&/G', $ee! -er MinuteG', sets the fee! per minute mo!e (This is the default)$G'' $ee! -er Re.olutionG'' sets the fee! per re.olution mo!e/
S+9 '&+ M C&6- '&+ L*
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"tops the spindle$ Turns the coolant o$ Terminates the CNC program$,ample@ +2
M03 S5/6- F&++6"tarts the spindle spinning forard at the last specied spindle rate$,ample@ +24 "122 and +24
M04 S5/6- R-,-+-"tarts the spindle spinning in re%erse at the last specied spindle rate$,ample@ +2= "122 and +2=
M0" S*&5 S5/6-"tops the spindle ithout changing the spindle speed$,ample@ +27
M0$ T&& C&&/* O?+2 turns the coolant o$
M10 C
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M$3 S-* O*5* 2 &/"ets au,illary output on$
M$4 S-* &*5* 1 &?"ets au,illary output 1 o$
M$" S-* O*5* 2 &?"ets au,illary output o$
M$$ * '&+ I/5* 1 &/6aits until au,illary input 1 is on$
M$7 * '&+ I/5* 2 &/6aits until au,illary input is on$
M7$ * '&+ I/5* 1 &?6aits until au,illary input 1 is o$
M77 * '&+ I/5* 2 &?6aits until au,illary input is o$
M>% S;5+&+ +? causes another program to be e,ecuted$ The -9. %alue species the programnumber and the number of times to e,ecute it$ The rightmost = digits are theprogram number$ The digits to the left are the number of repetitions$ There can beup to repetitions& if the %alue is omitted it is called once$,amples@ +? 91 and +? 91221 both e,ecute CNC program 1 once$
M>> S;5+&+ E*
>eturns control to the program that called the current program$ !f a -9. %alue isspecied then e,ecution begins from the bloc' ith the same -N. number&otherise it is from the bloc' after the subprogram call$!f an + is specied in the main program then the e,ecution id from the start ofthe program$,amples@ + return to the bloc' folloing the call
+ 912 returns to the bloc' ith -N. %alue 12$