INFORMATION TECHOLOGY

GOOD MORNING I AM GOING TO SHOW YOU A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON TOPIC THE LATEST TECHOLOGIES AND GADGETS AND ABOUT ANDROID

LATEST TECHNOLOGIES,GADGETS AND ANDROID

The iFusion is an integrated communications docking station for the Apple iPhone. Combining the capabilities of many top-selling iPhone accessories into a single device, the iFusion utilizes built-in Bluetooth technology, a full duplex speaker phone and a patented ergonomic design to deliver superior voice quality that meets the requirements of today's home and business consumer.

The cradle design of the iFusion supports the iPhone 3G, 3GS and 4, providing a means to securely dock the phone while supplying power, battery charging and data synchronization via an integrated USB cable. With support for A2DP Bluetooth streaming, users are able to enjoy their favorite iPhone music over the internal speakerphone.

The Livescribe Echo Smartpen allows you to record audio while you’re taking notes, and then play them back later. You can save and share interactive notes to your computer, iPad or iPhone via a micro-USB connector that also allows you to recharge your pen. The memory storage holds 400 or 800 hours of recorded audio, depending on the model, and includes an OLED display that makes it easy to navigate smartpen apps.

The Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard K750 makes battery hassles a thing of the past, even indoors. The keyboard connects automatically via a 2.4GHz wireless unifying receiver, and the solar battery will stay charged for up to 3 months, even in total darkness.

The Boogie Board Jot 4.5 LCD eWriter is quite a looker, considering how it sports a compact and durable design that makes it ideal for writing quick memos and reminders on-the-go. Small and lightweight, it should not be an issue to find a pocket or purse to fit it in a jiffy. It comes with an attachable tapered stylus and stackable design for a truly unique user experience, while a plastic, removable cover helps protect the writing surface from unwanted marks and scratches.

The laser keyboard is bright red in colour making it easy to view against variety of backgrounds .The device is compatible not just with smart-phones but can be used with tablets and multiple touch-screen gadgets. It syncs with the gadgets via Bluetooth. The battery life of CTX VK200 Keyfob is impressive at 120 minutes of continuous use. It can be charged via USB 2.0 port and is compatible with most devices with Bluetooth ver 2.0 and 2.1. The Keyfob is prices at 100 dollars and is expected to be available soon in the market.The keyboard is formed of a small projector that emits laser rays to form a fully functional keyboard on any flat surface..

The camera comes with built-in Wi-Fi capabilities and has a 2.8-inch tilting touch-screen. However, what is unique about the camera is that it comes without a traditional shutter button. To click a picture, the photographer can either click on the camera touch-screen or press a ring around the lens. Also, in place of a Zoom button, there is lens-ring control option which can be pulled back and forth to adjust the lens.  

The spanking new imageFORMULA P-208 Scan-tini personal scanner is said to be able to quickly handle a variety of documents, where they will include receipts, business cards, photographs, bills and contracts, making life a snap when it comes to managing and organizing personal documents or a small or mobile office. These documents will then be converted into digital information which is easily searched, not to mention stored, and shared.

These Shoes were Made for Chargingas you walk, you generate pressure and in turn, that pressure generates energy, so it looks as though in the future you may be able to just keep on talking, as long as you are able to keep on walking.

Cardiorespiratory health has been defined as the ability of your heart, lungs and organs to consume, transport and utilize oxygen, and it ought to be tracked and monitored so that one is able to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Tinké relies on optical sensing technologies in order to capture blood volume which changes at your fingertips, where it quantifies both cardiorespiratory health and stress levels into indexes. These two indexes will trend alongside one another for daily and monthly monitoring, while delivering a better understanding of your health progression from the comfort of your mobile devices.The Vita Index is a personalized cardiorespiratory score which is depicted after putting together data collected from heart rate, blood oxygen level and respiratory rate, while the Zen Index relies on heart rate variability as its basis, churning out a personalized score for your stress levels.

It features a full bluetooth® keyboard, and features four modes: Laptop Mode — allows use of the keyboard. Movie Mode — great for watching videos, playing games, or just

surfing the Internet. Tablet Mode — great for reading books or magazines. Carry Mode — closes up and protects your iPad’s® screen from

nicks and scratches.

The Crux360™ is a clamshell-keyboard case that allows you to use the iPad® in a multitude of positions. All iPad ports and buttons remain accessible while using the case.

The iLuv iMM747 Audio Cube is a fully-dedicated iPad stereo docking station. The Audio Cube provides two speaker channels, each with iLuv’s enhanced jAura Soundcell Technology. The iMM747 features easy docking via an adjustable, sliding docking wall, which provides secure iPad vertical support and a flexible 30 pin connector that automatically adjusts to dock your iPhone 4 or iPod as well.

Maximize your brightness during presentations with the NEC P420X, an entry-grade professional installation projector loaded with eco-friendly and advanced technologies. Ideal for corporate boardrooms, higher education classrooms and government training rooms, this model delivers remarkable brightness (4200 lumens) and features built-in wall color correction, automatic keystone correction, wired and wireless networking, closed captioning and up to 3500 hours of lamp life (in ECO ModeTM). The P420X touts an active lens cover, which hides content, mutes audio and lowers lamp brightness to 25%, allowing you to maximize the effectiveness of your presentations.

myDitto Key enables SoHo business professionals to access their myDitto Servers remotely, through an easy-to-use, lightweight USB key. From owners who frequently travel on business trips to telecommuting employees, users simply insert their myDitto Key into a laptop or PC and — through a direct peer-to-peer connection — safely access any critical file from their office network server no matter where they are.

The WOWee ONE SLIM is a compact portable speaker unit which provides a full range frequency response. It is intended for use as both a fixed and portable solution for all iPod, iPad, mp3, mp4, mobile phone and computer applications. It uses the same hybrid technology as the WOWee ONE and produces an incredible bass sound with a 40Hz - 20kHz sound range.

The unit is powered by an internal rechargeable battery and can deliver up to 10 hours of playtime per charge. It can be recharged via computer USB or a 5V USB power adapter using a plug. There is also a built in LED low battery indicator.

The advantage or disadvantage of technologies depend on how people use it in their daily lives. If we let these technologies rule us then it becomes bane. Conversely, if we let these technologies to be our buddies in studying then it is boon.

What is IT?

Information Technology (IT) is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of information systems". 

Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.

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What is ICT?

Information Communications Technology (ICT) covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form. For example, personal computers, digital television, email, robots.

ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data.

It is also concerned with the way these different uses can work with each other.

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The Importance of IT/ICT

essential ingredient in managing business processes of most organizations

reduction in administration costs improve staff productivity assist in the design & manufacture of products improve the efficiency of interactions with

clients, customers, suppliers & distribution outlets

create opportunities for new services, products & business ventures

speed, efficiency, effectiveness & competitive advantages

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IT Components

Process Application (software) Hardware

that is used to get, create, arrange, analyze and present the information in various format including text, image, audio and video.

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Process

The ability to translate the information needs, to analyze and present the information and the ability to analyze the process effectiveness.

It Includes techniques and activities that involve design, development, implementation and IT management.

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Application (Software)

Software can be categorized into: Curricular software

it is designed to educate students with concepts and skills. The learning objective is determine by the software.

Generic software Software that is used to achieve various

learning objectives. Example: Word processor, databases and multimedia

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Hardware

The physical components of a computer system

Includes all types of technology hardware including computers, scanner, modem, printers etc.

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Telecommunication devices

Wireless Phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Walkie Talkie Pager Fax machine Video Conferencing Telegraph Chatting software: Example IRC,

Yahoo Messenger

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Example of Telecommunication Devices

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PAGER

CELULAR PHONE

Example of Telecommunication Devices

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PDA WALKIE TALKIE

Example of Telecommunication Devices

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FAX MACHINE

Example of Telecommunication Devices

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Computer

Computer

An electronic device or a programmable machine that receives inputs, stores and manipulates data (retrieves and processes data), can be programmed with instructions and provides output in a useful format.

A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.

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Computer

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Monitor

Keyboard

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Types of Computer

Analog Process physical data. Example:

Temperature, air pressure, electrical Digital

Process data in binary ( 1 and 0) Hybrid

Combination of analog and digital computers

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Components of Computer

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Storage Input Devices Output Devices Communication Devices

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Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU or the processor is the portion of a

computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions.

Manipulates raw data into a more useful form and controls the other parts of the computer systems.

A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven, register based device that takes input and provides output.

E.g. Intel Pentium, AMD Athlon, SUN UltraSparc 04/07/2023STID 1103 35

Storage

A data storage device often called memory is a device for recording (storing) information (data).

Primary Storage (main memory, internal memory) Temporarily stores data and program

instructions during processing (volatile storage). Example RAM.

Secondary Storage (external memory) Store data and programs when they are not

being used in processing. Example: HardDisk, Floppy Disk, CD, DVD, Tape Drive, ROM, flash memory (USB) 04/07/2023STID 1103 36

Input Devices

Any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system (such as a computer).

Convert data and instructions into electronic form for input into the computer.

Example Pointing devices (mouse, touch screen) Source data automation (optical character

recognition ~ Bar code, magnetic ink character recognition)

Handwriting recognition (pen-based input ~ PDA, laptop mouse pointing)

Keyboard, Scanner, sensor device voice input device (Microphone) 04/07/2023STID 1103 37

Output Devices

Any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world.

Convert electronic data produced by the computer system and display them into a form that people can understand.

Example:Video Display Terminal (monitors), Printers, plotters, speakers, headphone, earphone.

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Communication Devices

Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.

Provide connections between the computer and communication networks.

Example: Modem, Digital Camera, HeadPhone/Telephony (conferencing), radio/TV.

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Categories of Computers

Supercomputer Mainframe Midrange (Minicomputers) Microcomputers Workstation

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Supercomputer

Highly sophisticated and powerful computer that can perform very complex computations extremely rapidly.

Most powerful & expensive. Used in scientific and military work,

such as classified weapons research and weather forecasting.

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Mainframe

Largest category of computer, used for major business processing.

Intended to service multiple users Capable of handling and processing

very large amounts of data quickly. Used in large institutions such as

government, banks and large corporations.

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Midrange (Minicomputers)

A class of computer systems which fall in between mainframe computers and microcomputers.

Capable of supporting the computing needs of small organizations or of managing networks of other computers such as in Universities, factories and research laboratories as server to manage organization computer network

E.g. Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard (HP3000 line), and Sun Microsystems (SPARC Enterprise).

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Microcomputers

A computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit

Also known as personal computer. Physically small compared to

mainframe and mini. E.g. desktop computers, laptop and

notebook computers, tablet PC, palmtop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA's).

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Workstation

A high-end microcomputer designed for technical or scientific applications.

Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.

Desktop computer with powerful graphics and mathematical capabilities and the ability to perform several complicated at once.

Used in scientific, engineering and design work

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Computer Hardware

Monitor – 14”, 15”, 17” & 21”Keyboards- 108, 110, 114 keys, Mouse, Speaker, Printer, Scanner, CD Drive, CD WriterFloppy A DriveJoy StickPlotter

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Monitor

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•A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers. •It comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. •2 types of Monitor• CRT -Cathode Ray Tube (just like

television set• Flat Panel - Using TFT-LCD (thin

film transistor liquid crystal display, or plasma display panel (pixel rely on wgas in the cell or plasma)

Printers

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a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies.o Dot matrixo Ink Jeto Laser Jeto Bubble Jet

Software

Complete instructions that control, manage and support operational activities of computer system.

The collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do.

3 basic functions: a) manage computer system’s data sources

b) create platforms & tools to use the data source

c) act as the ‘middle-man’ between human and data source storage

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User

Application Software

System Software

Computer Hardware

Relationship between User, Application Software, System Software and Computer Hardware

Example of Computer Software System Software Application Software Programming Languages Firmware Device Drivers Middleware Testware

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System Software

A computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform for running application software.

The most important types of system software are: The operating system The computer BIOS and device firmware Utility software Computer Language Translation Programs

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Operating System

Allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device.

It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application software.

Manages and control the computer’s activities Main functions of the operating system

Allocates and assigns system resources Schedules the use of computer resources and

computer job Monitor computer system activities

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Example of Operating System DOS UNIX OS/2 Macintosh Windows 95/98/2000/NT/ME/XP LindowsOS

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DOS

Disk Operating System (DOS) Operating system for older IBM and

IBM-compatible PCs between 1981 and 1995.

Advantage: Ease of use ~ user interface (command line

interface)

Disadvantage: Do not support multitasking Limits program use of memory to 640

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DOS

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UNIX

A computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.

Operating System for all types of computers, which is machine independent and support multi-user processing, multitasking and networking.

widely used in both servers and workstations

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UNIX

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OS/2

Operating system/2 created by Microsoft and IBM for IBM PCS that can take advantage of the 32-bit microprocessor.

Support multitasking and networking.

Has its own graphical user interface and desktop and server version

Require memory intensive applications

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OS/2

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Macintosh

OS for Apple Macintosh computer that support multitasking.

The first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface.

Has access to the internet and has powerful graphics and multimedia capabilities.

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Macintosh System 1.1

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Mac OS 8.0

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Mac OS X Jaguar

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Microsoft Windows

A series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.

Windows – Operating System to control and manage computer activities

Based on graphical user interface – easier to use

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List of Microsoft Windows versions 1985 November 20 - Windows 1.01 1986 August - Windows 1.03 1986 May - Windows 1.02 1987 April - Windows 1.04 1987 December - Windows 2.03 1988 May - Windows 2.10 1989 March - Windows 2.11 1990 May - Windows 3.0 1992 August - Windows 3.1 1992 October - Windows for Workgroups 3.1 1993 August - Windows NT 3.1 1993 November - Windows for Workgroups 3.11 1993 October - Windows 3.2

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List of Microsoft Windows versions (cont…) 1994 September - Windows NT 3.5 1995 August - Windows 95 1995 June - Windows NT 3.51 1996 July - Windows NT 4.0 1998 June - Windows 98 2000 April - Windows Mobile 2000 February - Windows 2000 2000 June - Windows Me 2001 August - Windows XP 2003 April - Windows Server 2003 2006 November - Windows Vista 2008 February - Windows Server 2008 2009 July - Windows 7

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Windows 3.1

Introduced graphical User Interface for example Program manager

Based on windows- allowing few program in their own windows.

Disadvantages: Require high memory and storage Operates only on computers with micro

processor 286, 2MB RAM and at least 10MB hardisk.

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Windows 3.1

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Windows 95

Popular in mid 90s, used in personal PCs. Most of the software is based on windows

format Using storage area of 80 MB, 8MB RAM and

micro processor at least 486 DX. Using 32-bit operating system Perform twice better than windows 3.1(16-bit) Support multitasking Support plug and play Better GUI

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Windows 95

Windows 98

32-bit operating system that is closely integrated with the Internet and that supports multitasking, multithreading and networking

Faster and more integrated compare to windows 95 with support for additional hardware such as MMX, DVD.

The most visible features is integration of the OS with Web browser software

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Windows 98

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Windows 2000

32-bit operating system for PCs, workstations and network servers.

Support multitasking, multiprocessing, intensive networking and Internet services for corporate computing.

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Windows 2000 Pro

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Windows ME

Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition) Enhanced Windows Operating System

for consumer users featuring tools for working with video, photos, music and home networking.

Improved capabilities for safeguarding critical files.

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Windows ME

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Windows NT

Microsoft Windows NT (New Technology) Posses the same ability in UNIX such as

multi-user, multitasking and high security.

Suitable for high technology application, graphic and animation.

Appropriate as server in a network.

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Windows NT 3.1

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Windows XP

Microsoft Windows XP (Experience) Reliable, robust operating system with

versions for both home and corporate users.

Features support of internet and multimedia and improved networking, security and corporate management capabilities

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Windows XP

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LindowsOS

Linspire, previously known as LindowsOS, was a commercial operating system based on Debian GNU/Linux and later Ubuntu.

The first "Broadband OS" Built to take full advantage of broadband

technology. Designed to fully utilize the world of

tomorrow, where Internet connectivity is bountiful and cheap, and computers are ubiquitous.

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LindowsOS

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The computer BIOS and device firmware

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a standard defining a firmware interface. It is built into the PC.

Firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small, programs and data structures that internally control various electronic devices. It provides basic functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or built into the computer.

The primary function of the BIOS is to load and start an operating system. When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices such as the video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive and other hardware. The BIOS then locates software held on a peripheral device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard disk or a CD, and loads and executes that software, giving it control of the PC.04/07/2023STID 1103 84

The computer BIOS and device firmware (example)

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Utility software

Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer.

A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. Example of utility softwares:

Disk storage utilities ~ manage the storage like HDD, FDD, CD Disk defragmenters ~ detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations

on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency. Disk partitions ~ divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives Backup utilities ~ make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire

disk or selected files Disk compression ~ compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the

disk. Anti-virus utilities ~ scan for computer viruses. Registry cleaners ~ clean and optimize the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that

are no longer in use. Network utilities ~ analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings,

check data transfer or log events.

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Computer Language Translation Programs

Convert programming languages into machine language.

Programs written in high-level language such as COBOL, C must be translated into machine language that the computer can execute

The program in high-level language before translation is called source code.

A compiler translates source code into machine code called object code

But some programming language do not use complier, but use an interpreter

Interpreter used to translate each source code statement one at a time into machine code during execution and executes it. It is a bit slow to execute since it translated one statement at a time.

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Application software

Also known as an application, is computer software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks.

Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players.

Application software that we will learn in this class Word Processor (Microsoft Word) Electronic Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel) Database (Microsoft Access) Graphic presentation Presentation (Microsoft Power Point)

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Word Processor

A computer application used for the production and manipulating (including composition (creating), editing, formatting, deleting, saving and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material (e.g. memo, letters, report, etc.)

Advantages (in comparison with type writer) Save time and efficient to create documents More flexible in term of deleting, and editing the

content Used in

Business Personal Education…etc

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Electronic spreadsheet

A computer application that simulates a paper, accounting worksheet, which manipulates lines and numbers and to do calculation and is used to create charts, graph and table.

It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of rows and columns, each cell containing alphanumeric text, numeric values or formulas.

A formula defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each time any cell is updated.

Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a change to a single cell is made.

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Database

Consists of an organized collection of related data for one or more uses, typically in digital form.

Shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization

Advantages: Data consistency More information from the same amount of data Sharing of data Improved data integrity Improved security Enforcement of standards Economy of scale

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Graphic Presentation

A computer program that allows users to compose and edit graphics images and pictures interactively on a computer and save them in one of many popular vector graphics formats, such as EPS, PDF, WMF, SVG, or VML .

Animation Example: Corel Draw, Photoshop.

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Programming languages

An artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer.

Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication.

Many programming languages have some form of written specification of their syntax (form) and semantics (meaning).

It can be divided into: Low-level programming languages High-level programming languages Very high-level programming languages

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Low-level Programming languages

A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture.

The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistent amount of abstraction between the language and machine language; because of this, low-level languages are sometimes described as being "close to the hardware."

Low-level programming languages are sometimes divided into two categories: first generation second generation.

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First Generation Languages

The first-generation programming language, or 1GL also known as Machine Language, is machine code.

It is the only language a microprocessor can process directly without a previous transformation.

Using binary code ( 1 and 0 ) Programming in machine language is very

slow, labor-intensive process Example : 1010 1101 8B54 2408 83FA

007704/07/2023STID 1103 95

Second Generation Languages

2GL, is assembly language, developed in 1950s that resembles machine language but substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes. ( example: load, sum).

It is considered a second-generation language because while it is not a microprocessor's native language, an assembly language programmer must still understand the microprocessor's unique architecture (such as its registers and instructions).

These simple instructions are then assembled directly into machine code.

The assembly code can also be abstracted to another layer in a similar manner as machine code is abstracted into assembly code.

Difficult to read, debug and learn and costly in term of programmers time

Example: mov edx, [esp+8], cmp edx, 0, ja @f, mov eax, 0, ret

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High-level Programming languages

A programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.

It may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be more portable across platforms.

Such languages hide the details of CPU operations such as memory access models and management of scope.

It makes the language user-friendly. Can be divided into:

3rd Generation language 4th Generation language

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3rd Generation Language

Specify instructions as brief statements that are more like natural language than assembly language.

Easier to write and understand in comparison of assembly language.

More user friendly Example: FORTRAN, COBOL,BASIC,

Pascal Lisp and C

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4th generation Languages

A programming language that can be employed directly by end user or less skilled programmers to develop computer applications more rapidly than conventional programming languages (nonprocedural or less).

Use for the development of commercial business software

Seven categories of 4th generation languages Query languages Report generators Graphics languages Application generators Very high level programming languages Application software packages PC tools

E.g. LINC (Logic and Information Network Compiler), Oracle Express 4GL.

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Very High-level Programming languages

A programming language with a very high level of abstraction, used primarily as a professional programmer productivity tool.

Very high-level programming languages are usually limited to a very specific application, purpose, or type of task.

For this reason, very high-level programming languages are often referred to as goal-oriented programming languages.

Example: 5th Generation Language

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5th Generation Languages

A programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer.

Used mainly in artificial intelligence research.

E.g. Prolog, OPS5 (Official Production System), and Mercury

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Firmware

Low-level software often stored on electrically programmable memory devices.

Fixed, usually small programs and data structures that internally control various electronic devices.

Examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user products such as remote controls or calculators, through computer parts and devices like hard disks, keyboards, TFT screens or memory cards, all the way to scientific instrumentation and industrial robotics.

Also more complex consumer devices, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to enable the device's basic operation as well as implementing higher-level functions.

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Device Drivers

A device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device.

Control parts of computers such as disk drives, printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.

Acts as a translator between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use it.

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Middleware

Computer software that connects software components or applications.

Controls and co-ordinates distributed systems which includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that support application development and delivery.

Examples include EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) software, telecommunications software, transaction monitors, and messaging-and-queueing software.

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Middleware

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Testware

Software for testing hardware or a software package.

Example use of testware:- Web testing, environment &

compatibility testing, performance testing

Functional testing, scalability testing, test automation, load and stress testing

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IT in Management

1. Latest in cost efficiency- including labor cost, transportation, communication

2. Increment in business performance – virtual marketing and globalization, Sharing of information

3. Global marketing- E-commerce, E-business

4. Increment in customer satisfaction

5. Increment in share market

6. Low margin cost

7. Increment in quality- products and services

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The Importance of Computer Efficiency and effectiveness in information

management Business management Education purposes Borderless world Military Entertainment Finance and banking Town planning Publication Graphic and animation

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The Problems of Computer

Computer crime Hackers Illegal downloading

Hard to manage Computer broke down

Gap between humans Less communication among people Secluded in their rooms

Privacy and confidentiality Personal information can be revealed easily

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Review

Introduction IT & ICT

Computer Hardware Software

Application Operating System

Programming Languages Windows Technology

Introduction

Android's mobile operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is the world's best-selling Smartphone.

There are currently over 200,000 apps available for Android that are made accessible through the Android Market, which is the online app store run by Google.

The apps are primarily written in Java.

Introduction

The Android operating system, including the Linux kernel, contains approximately 12 million lines of code.

In this there are: 3 million lines of XML, 2.8 million lines of C, 2.1 million lines of Java, and 1.75 million lines of C++.

Android Framework

Background

Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White.

Their goal was to develop a "smarter mobile device that was more aware of its owner's location and preferences.”

They operated secretively, admitting only that they were working on software for mobile phones.

Background

Google acquired Android Inc. in August, 2005, making Android Inc. a wholly owned part of Google Inc.

Nick Sears was the only original founder that did not stay with Android Inc. after the acquisition.

At this point in time, many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move.

Background

Once at Google, Rubin led a team to develop a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel.

Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers with the intent of providing a flexible, upgradable system.

This caused speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market to build.

Background

On October 21st, 2008, Android 1.0 became available to the public.

"Today's announcement is more ambitious than any single 'Google Phone' that the press has been speculating about over the past few weeks. Our vision is that the powerful platform we're unveiling will power thousands of different phone models.“ -Eric Schmidt, former

Google Chairman/CEO

ExplanationFeatures of Android 1.0

Android Market application download and updates through the Market app

Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages - multiple pages show as windows ("cards")Video

Camera support, but no way to change resolution, white balance, quality, etc.

Folders allow the grouping of a number of app icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.

Email provides access to email servers commonly found on the Internet and supports POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.

Gmail synchronization with the Gmail app Google Contacts synchronization with the People app Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar app Google Maps with Latitude and Street View to view maps and

satellite imagery, as well as find local business and get driving directions using GPS

More Features

Google Search of the internet and phone apps, contacts, calendar, etc.

Google Talk instant messaging. Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS. Media Player enables managing, importing, and playing back

but lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support Notifications appear in the Status bar - drag down to see

details, also ringtone, LEDs and vibration options. Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without

typing a name or number Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo

behind the Home screen icons and widgets. YouTube video player. Other apps include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone),

Home screen (launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings. Other supported features include: WiFi, and Bluetooth.

ExplanationCurrent Features

Handset Layouts The platform is adaptable to

larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.

Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational

database, is used for data storage purposes

Connectivity Android supports connectivity

technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (no connections through Proxy server

and no Ad hoc wireless network)

LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

Features (cont.)

Messaging SMS and MMS are available forms

of messaging, including threaded text messaging and now Android Cloud to Device Messaging Framework is also a part of the Android Messaging service.

Multiple Language Support Several languages are available on

Android. The number of languages more than doubled for the platform 2.3. However, it lacks font rendering of several languages even after official announcements of added support.

Web Browser The web browser available for

Android uses the open-source WebKit layout engine, along with Chrome's JavaScript engine.

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Java Support Most Android apps are

written in Java, however, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed.

Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on the Dalvik virtual machine.

Dalvik is a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU.

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Media Support

WebM H.263 H.264 (in 3GP or

MP4 container) MPEG-4 SP AMR AMR-WB (in 3GP

container) AAC HE-AAC (in MP4 or

3GP container)

MP3 MIDI Ogg Vorbis FLAC WAV JPEG PNG GIF BMP

Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats:

Multi-Touch

Android has support for multi-touch which was originally made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

The feature was originally disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology at the time).

Google has since released an update for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables multi-touch.

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

Latest version available for mobile phones

Enhanced UI with more polish and several refinements

Also adds support for NFC, which allows for mobile payments with only the use of the device

Google TV

Based on Android, Google TV allows your TV to be connected to the internet and all of the media content that it has to offer.

Android 3.0 Honeycomb

Designed for use on Tablet devices

Different UI compared to Version 2.3 Gingerbread

All the various android OS

Significance

Android is the fastest growing mobile operating system.

Its growing even faster than IOS!! More developers are choosing to create

Android applications Amazing different apps available.

Summary

Started as a small idea by a few developers

Purchased by Google

First open source mobile operating system

Set higher standards for what a smartphone should be

Fastest growing and most popular mobile OS available

The future of mobile computing is Android!

Puts Stucki’s Iphone to shame.

A.SHIVAMANI9TH ‘A’

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