Late renaissance n. europe spain
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Late Renaissance in NorthernEurope and Spain
Continued…..
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Northern Renaissance
• term: “Northern Renaissance”– more of a grafting or fusion of Italian
innovations with local traditions• difference from Italy:
– neither heritage of Antiquity’s ideals nor beautyof human anatomy consistently manifested
– focus• extreme states of emotion• visible surface appearance
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Northern Renaissance• context: Protestant Reformation
– Martin Luther (1483-1546)• pivotal figure• publication of Ninety-five
Theses (1517)– justification by faith
alone instead of by goodworks
– attacked indulgences ofCatholic Church
– led to breaking away ofmost north Germanstates from Church ofRome
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Northern Renaissance• Iconoclasms in N. Europe• Some art destroyed, other artists
stove to represent figures w/ocreating “pagan idols”
• Durer represents thecombination of N. Renaissancerealism with the Italian concernfor size and monumnetality
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Bosch’s Earthly Delights
• Bosch’s Earthly Delights– “Third Day of Creation”
• patron: aristocratic• theme: Humanist• outer panel when closed• complete work consists of
four paintings on a seriesof folding panels
• scale: large– center panel > 7’ x 6’
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Hieronymous Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, oil on wood, 7’2” x 3’2”, 1505-1515,now in Prado, Madrid. Allegory of evil, symbolism, and some say surrealism.
Garden of Earthly Delights Video
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Center panel - flashcard
• Hieronymus Bosch– Garden of Earthly Delights
(c. 1510-15)• subject: Sin• narrative: allegorical
– humans’ inability tosave themselves
– alchemy (?)• mood: fantastic &
nightmarish vision– antecedents in recent
Gothic past– over 1K figures
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Hell panel from Bosch
• Bosch’s Earthly Delights– “Hell”
• setting: dark world of fire & ice
• theme: sensual pleasuresturned into elements oftorture
• figures: hybrid forms,unnatural unions
• color: vibrant• light/shadow:
chiaroscuro• aerial perspective: night
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Annunciation and Virgin of theRosary, painted & giltlimewood, 12’2” x 10’6”, 1517,Nuremberg.
Velt Stoss
Northern Europe artists madeintricately carved altarpiecesand sculptures from wood
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Hagenaur’s St. Anthony Enthroned, Shrine of the Isenheim Altarpiece (open)
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Isenheim Altarpiece, oil on wood, Matthias Grunewald… 9’9” x 10’9”, 1515.. Isenheim,France-3 views, made for hospital of people suffering St. Anthony’s disease, ergotism,agony of ergotism shown in Christ (amputation in next view)
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Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, first opening…
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Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait,oil on wood, 26’ x 19”, 1500
flashcard
Christ-like pose, notblasphemous, human creativityas a reflection of God’s divinity
Frontality, symmetry, triangularcomposition
Combined Italianmonumentality w/N. Europeanprecision (van Eyck?)
Duhrer studied in Italy, was alsoprintmaker/engraver
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Four Horsemen of theApocalypse, woodcut, Durer,1498.
Book of Revelations (Bible),Gothic forms inspired byMantegna
No background, no divisionbetween earth and heaven
Famine (scales), war (sword),death (pitchfork), and pestilence(bow)
Crowded composition, horsemenride over dead bodies
flashcard
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Artist: Albrecht DürerTitle: Adam and EveMedium: EngravingSize: 9⅞ X 7⅝" (25.1 X19.4 cm)Date: 1504Contrapossto figures withclassical sculpture influenceFour humors - rabbit(energy), elk (sad), ox(lethargic), cat (angry).Mouse = Satan, parrot =clever, Adam tries todissuade EveDetailed in northerntraditionflashcard
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Four Apostles, Durer
Oil on wood, 7” x 30” eachpanel, 1526
Four humors AGAIN… Johnsanguine, Paul melancholic,Mark choleric, Peterphlegmatic
Italian size, N. Europeanattention to detail
Peter = Pope in rome,shown in shadow
Mark and Paul on right
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Danube Landscape, Albrecht Alttdorfer
Oil on vellum on wood panel, 12” x 8”
1525
Landscapes became very popular inNorthern Europe…
Altdorfer and Bruegel were 2 famouslandscape artists from this era…..
Bruegel although he studied in Italy, didnot show much Italian influence…
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Return of the Hunters, Pieter Bruegel, oil on wood, 1565, part of series of seasonalpaintings. Hunters are peasant types; strong diagonals in picture. Typical scene ratherthan a specific narrative. Winter landscape in Belgium. FLASHCARD
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In SPAIN, El Greco studiedMannerism in Italy.. . Thenreturned to create dramatic,interesting compositions
Burial of Count Orgaz, oil oncanvas, 1585…
Tomb located directly below thepainting. Paintingcommissioned 300 yrs after hisdeath! Great philanthropist,.
Combo of Venetian color,Spanish mysticism, Mannerismfigures
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View of Toledo, oil oncanvas; 47” x 42”,1610
Metropolitan Museumof Art, New York
El Greco
Also paintedlandscapes, withdrama of mannerismand expressivebrushstrokes and color
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Henry VIII, Hans Holbein, oilon wood, 32” 29”,
Holbein was court painter inEngland
Showed monumentality ofKing Henry VIII< who was avery large man
Mannerist influence
flashcard
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Some women artist, such asCaterina van Hemessen in herSelf-portrait, worked in theNorthern Renaissance as well…
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Princess Elizabeth, Levina BeningTeerlinc, 42” x 32”, 1559
Levina was court painter inEngland, skilled portraitist.
This portrait is in Windsor Castletoday!
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Girl with the Pearl Earring
Vermeer
Scenes of daily life
Excelled in luminous lighting