LAST LECTURE WE TALKED ABOUT DIETARY VITAMINS IN SPORTS

TODAY WE WILL TALK ABOUT MINERALS

Lecture 13

MINERALS

OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13

MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS

MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES

-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME

MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS

-IDATME

OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13

MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES

MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

MINERALS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS  SINGLE ATOMS  CAN BE CHARGED OR UNCHARGED

IN THE BODY  MAJOR -ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN EXCESS

OF 5 GRAMS -ELECTROLYTES AND MINERALS

  MINOR- ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS

OF LESS THAN 5 GRAMS 

MINERALS- GENERAL COMMENTSCONTINUED

MOST ESSENTIAL- WE CANNOT MAKE THEM-SOME DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR SOME MINOR MINERALS MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THEY ARE NEEDED IN THE DIET

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MINERALS ?

ELECTROLYTESIN PART RESPONSIBLE FOR FLUID BALANCE IN BODY

 SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE

  MAJOR MINERALS

  CALCIUM, PHOSPHOROUS, MAGNESIUM AND SULPHUR

SODIUM FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-processed foods

 

POTASSIUM FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-fruits, vegetables, whole grains 

CHLORIDE FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of stomach acid  SOURCES-same as sodium  

CALCIUM

 

FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle function, blood pressure SOURCES –dairy, fortified orange juice, green leafy vegetables, small fish with bones 

PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, pH control, regulation of coenzyme function SOURCES-all animal products, bread and ready to eat cereal

MAGNESIUM

 

FUNCTION- bone formation, nerve transmission, protein and carbohydrate metabolism (enzyme activity)

SOURCES-green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, seafood, chocolate 

SULPHUR FUNCTION-protein structure, component of biotin, thiamin and insulin SOURCES-all protein foods

16

MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME

INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS

DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN 

ABSORPTION-ACTIVE TRANSPORT 

TRANSPORT-FREE OR BOUNDFREE- EXAMPLES SODIUM AND ALL OTHER MAJOR MINERALS (EXCEPT SULPHUR)BOUND - SODIUM CHLORIDE -POTASSIUM CHLORIDE -SULPHUR-INSULIN

17

MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME

 

METABOLISM- ALL READY IN CORRECT FORM-MINERALS IN =MINERALS OUT

EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

18

AND NOW ONTO

MINOR MINERALS 

IRON FUNCTIONS- OXYGEN TRANSPORT- BLOOD AND MUSCLE SOURCES-RED MEATS, TOFU, BREAD 

ZINC FUNCTIONS-TISSUE GROWTH AND WOUND HEALING, PART OF MANY ENZYMES IN ENERGY AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISMIMMUNE FUNCTION, VITAMIN A TRANSPORT, INSULIN FUNCTION SOURCES-MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, BEANS 

IODINE

FUNCTIONS-PART OF THYROID HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLIC RATE SOURCES-SEAFOOD, IODIZED SALT, BREAD  

 SELENIUM

FUNCTIONS-ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES-SEAFOOD, LIVER, GRAINS FROM SELENIUM RICH SOIL 

COPPER

FUNCTIONS-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION, PART OF SEVERAL ENZYMES, USED IN ENERGY METABOLISM SOURCES-ORGAN MEATS, SEAFOOD, NUTS 

MANGANESE FUNCTIONS-PART OF ENZYMES IN FAT SYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND BLOOD CLOTTING SOURCES -WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FOODS 

FLUORIDE

FUNCTIONS-TOOTH ENAMEL MAINTENANCE,

RESISTANCE TO DENTAL DECAY,BONE FORMATION AND INTEGRITY

SOURCES-FLUORIDATED WATER(NATURAL OR

OTHERWISE, TEA)

 

 

CHROMIUM FUNCTIONS-CO-FACTOR FOR INSULIN SOURCES-MEAT, WHOLE GRAIN, NUTS,CHEESE 

MOLYBDENUM FUNCTIONS-COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES- WORKS WITH RIBOFLAVIN TO INCORPORATE IRON INTO HEMOGLOBIN SOURCES –MILK, LEGUMES, BREAD, GRAINS 

28

MINOR MINERALS-IDATME

INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS

DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN 

ABSORPTION-ACTIVE, FACILITATED AND OCCASIONALLY SIMPLE

TRANSPORT-FREE – RARE- E.G. IODINE

-BOUND- VERY COMMON- MOSTLY PROTEINE.G. IODINE, IRON

29

MINOR VITAMINS

 

METABOLISM- TO CORRECT FORM AS REQUIRED

EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

30

MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES

NOT LIKELY IF ONE IS FOLLOWING A PROPER TRAINING DIET

PROPER TRAINING DIET GIVES SUFFICIENT MINERALS

MINERALS AND THE MACRONUTRIENTS THEY METABOLISE OR PROTECT FREQUENTLY COME IN A PACKAGE

31

MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES

DEFICIENCY-LOSS OF FUNCTION

TOXICITY –METABOLIC INTERFERENCE

32

THUS THERE IS AN INTEGRATIONOF SOURCE, FUNCTION, DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY

REMEMBER THAT SOURCE CANINCLUDE SUPPLEMENTS INCLUDING PILLS

33

MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS? – EAT MORE FOOD

34

MORE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS IN THE DIET MORE MINERALS IN THE DIETCONTAINING THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS TO ASSIST WITH THE METABOLISM OF THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS.

EVERYTHING IS INTEGRATED

IT IS A PACKAGE DEAL!!

35

MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

COPPER ZINC SELENIUM

36

VITAMIN TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES

SLIDE ON INCREASING VITAMINS WITH INCREASED CALORIES

37

NOTE THE COOPERATION BETWEEN MINERALS

SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13

MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS

MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES

-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME

MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS

-IDATME

SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13

MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES

MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

NEXT LECTURE – DIETARY MINERALS IN SPORTS