Lena Ioannou

Companion

Laserpre-FCE

UNIT 1 1

1 Family Ties

1.1 familyties(phr) \fmli taIz\

bonds among the members of a familyTheir family ties are very strong and they always stand by each other in difficult situations.

Reading 1.2 ittakesallsorts(exp) \It teIks Ol

sOts\ it requires/calls for all kinds of peopleIt takes all sorts to make a team for a successful reality show.

1.3 come(v)\km\exist, be found This new car model comes only with a 2000 lt engine.

1.4 inallshapesandsizes(exp) \In Ol SeIps n

saIzIz\

in all possible forms The department store downtown has got a big variety of coffee tables in all shapes and sizes.

1.5 roving(adj) \rUvIN\

wandering, sb who travels aroundThe roving reporter for National Geographic is in Madison County taking pictures of the covered bridges there.l rove(v)

1.6 onlychild(phr) \Unli tSaIld\

to have no brothers or sistersMy mother was an only child and thats the reason I have no aunts or uncles from her side of the family.

1.7 fromonepointofview(phr) \frm wn pOInt v

vju\

on the one handAnne is an interesting person from one point of view; but there are times when I find her very annoying.

1.8 spoilt(adj) \spOIlt\a spoilt child is greedy and demanding and always wants everything done his/her wayWhat a spoilt boy Greg is! He was very loud in the toy shop because his mother wouldnt buy him an expensive remote-controlled car!

l spoil(v)

1.9 lonely(adj) \lUnli\

when youre sad because you feel youre all aloneSarah hasnt made any friends at the new school yet and she feels very lonely.

l loneliness(n)

1.10 keepintouchwith(exp) \kip In ttS wID, wIT\maintain contact withDave has kept in touch with almost all his old school friends.

1.11 divorced(adj) \dIvOst\

someone is divorced when his/her marriage has legally endedKelly used to be married; shes been divorced for over three years.

ldivorce(v), getadivorce(phr)

1.12 remarry(v) \rimri\

marry/get married againFive years after her husbands death, Donna remarried.

1.13 geton(well)withsb(phr v) \get n wel\have a good, friendly relationship with someoneHarry gets on well with all the other children in the kindergarten.

1.14 step-brother,step-sister(n) \step

brD, step sIst\

brothers and sisters who dont share the same biological parents but whose parents (eg the father from one side and the mother from the other) have got marriedI get on well with my step-sister because were the same age.

1.15 careabout(phr v) \ker baUt\

be concerned aboutIt seems he doesnt care about his old friends; he hasnt written to anybody since he went to England.

1.16 adopt(v) \dpt\

become a childs legal parentSince they cant have any children, Tom and Jane decided to adopt a little boy.

ladopted(adj), adoption(n)

Family Ties

UNIT 1

1 Family Ties

1.17 loving(adj) \lvIN\

caring, affectionateThey know how to be loving parents without spoiling their children.

l lovingly(adv)

1.18 treat(v) \trit\behave towardsEven when Mike disagrees with his father, hes never rude and always treats him with respect.

1.19 half-brother(n) \hAf brD\

if you have a half-brother or sister, it means that you share one biological parent, eg you have the same father but different mothers I was an only child but my dad married again and now I have a little half-brother.

1.20 peaceandquiet(phr) \pis n kwaIt\

Georgia cant have any peace and quiet in the house around her younger brothers and sisters.

Grammar clinic1.21 makea/nodifference(phr) \meIk

dIfrns\have some or no effect on a situationIt makes no difference whether you like it or not; you have to do as the doctor said.

Vocabulary builder1.22 selfish(adj) \

selfIS\

someone who is selfish cares only about themselves Youre so selfish, Rachel said to her brother; We always watch what you want on TV.

l selfishness(n)

1.23 popular(adj) \ppjUl\

someone who is liked or loved by most peopleKylie Minogue is a very popular pop singer.

lpopularity(n)Opp.:unpopular(adj)

1.24 sensitive(adj) \senstIv\

when someone is sensitive they get upset very easily or their feelings are , Shes very sensitive and doesnt like to talk about her parents divorce.

l sensitivity(n)

1.25 arrogant(adj) \rgnt\

someone who is arrogant thinks he/she is better than other peopleI cant stand him; hes so arrogant, he thinks his way is the only way.

larrogance(n),arrogantly(adv)

1.26 pessimistic(adj) \pesmIstIk\

someone who is pessimistic always looks at the dark side of thingsHe thinks the end of the world is near; hes very pessimistic.lpessimism(n),pessimist(n), pessimistically(adv)

1.27 amusing(adj) \mjuzIN\

someone who is amusing makes people laughThis actor is very amusing; I enjoy watching his films.

lamuse(v),amusement (n)

1.28 ambitious(adj) \mbISs\

someone who is ambitious wants to be very successful in his/her lifeHes always been very ambitious and he managed to become manager in his department in only three years.

lambition (n)

1.29 considerate(adj) \knsIdrt\

someone who is considerate cares about how other people feelJane is a considerate girl; she knew her friend was sad so she took her to see a comedy at the cinema.

l consideration(n)

1.30 generous(adj) \dZenrs\

someone who is generous likes to share what they have with other peopleI know some rich people who are very generous and give a lot of money to charity.

lgenerously (adv), generosity(n)

1.31 optimistic(adj) \ptImIstIk\

someone who is optimistic looks at the bright side of thingsWhen Im sad, I like to talk to Harry; hes so optimistic that he always makes my day.loptimism(n), optimist (n), optimistically(adv)

UNIT 1

1 Family Ties

1.32 modest(adj) \mdst\

someone who is modest doesnt like to talk about himself/herself or the things he/she has accomplished in his/her lifeI didnt know George had a PhD in psychology! He never talks about himself; hes so modest!

lmodesty (n)

1.33 achievement(n) \tSivmnt\

accomplishmentWinning this university scholarship was Kyles greatest achievement.

lachieve (v)

1.34 notmeanto(phr) \dUnt min t, tU\

have no intention toIm awfully sorry; I never meant to insult you.

1.35 kind(adj) \kaInd\well-meaning, friendly, helpfulThank you for helping me to carry the heavy shopping bags; youre so kind.lkindly (adv), kindness (n)

Opp.:unkind (adj)

1.36 polite(adj) \plaIt\

well-manneredJack always says Please and Thank you; hes very polite.lpolitely (adv), politeness (n)

Opp.:impolite(adj)

1.37 attractive(adj) \trktIv\

very good-lookingShes the most attractive woman I have ever seen.lattract(v), attraction (n)

Opp.:unattractive (adj)

1.38 fair(adj) \fe\justThe teacher was fair and punished both students equally.

1.39 honest(adj) \nIst\

truthfulIm sure Susan is telling the truth; shes quite honest, you know.lhonestly(adv), honesty (n)

Opp.:dishonest (adj)

1.40 capableof-ing(adj) \keIpbl v, v\

able, having the ability to do sthHes not capable of speaking in front of the whole class; hes very shy.

l capability(n) Opp.:incapable(adj)

1.41 beintrouble(phr) \bi In trbl\

if someone is in trouble, he/she has difficulties because he/she has done something wrongAlex is in big trouble because the teacher caught him cheating in the test.

1.42 legal(adj) \ligl\

lawful, done according to the lawHis business isnt legal thats why the police were at his house this morning.l legally(adv)

Opp.:illegal(adj)

1.43 include(v) \Inklud\

contain, to have as a partThere will be eight people at the dinner party on Saturday, you and me included.

1.44 relevant(to)(adj) \relvnt t, tU\

having a connection with sth, relatedI found some information relevant to your project; have a look, you may find it useful.l relevance(n)

Opp.:irrelevant(adj)

1.45 makeup(phr v) \meIk p\

invent, imagineMy grandmother used to make up bedtime stories; she never remembered the same story twice.

1.46 turnup(phr v) \tn p\

arrive unexpectedly, appearWe thought she had forgotten about the meeting but she turned up at the last minute.

1.47 comeup(phr v) \km p\

appear unexpectedlyWe have planned tomorrows surprise party very carefully; I hope nothing comes up until then.

1.48 thinkup(phr v) \TINk p\

They were trying to think of something smart for the products advertisement when suddenly Vera thought up a very clever slogan.

1.49 bringup(phr v) \brIN p\

mention in a conversationRemember not to bring up his losing his job; he doesnt like to talk about it.

1.50 cool(adj) \kul\calmShe is the only teacher I know that stays cool no matter how loud the students get.

UNIT 1

1 Family Ties

1.51 icy(adj) \aIsi\

cold, unfriendlyShe has such an icy attitude towards me; I feel she doesnt like me at all.

1.52 hot-tempered(adj) \ht tempd\

someone who is hot-tempered gets angry very easilyI cant deal with you anymore; youre so hot-tempered, you get annoyed at every single thing I say!

1.53 cold-hearted(adj) \kUld hAtId\

unkindIve never met such a cold-hearted person before; I cant believe she doesnt care about the problems with your family.

Listening1.54 overhear(v) \Uv

hI\

listen to what sb is saying without him/her knowing thatI was in the next room and I overheard them having an argument.

Speaking1.55 comprehensiveschool(n) \kmprI

hensIv\

a type of state secondary school in the UKAfter primary school, I went to the local comprehensive.

1.56 eldest(adj) \eldst\

the oldest of three or moreWere seven brothers and sisters; the eldest is twenty years old while the youngest is five.

1.57 run(ashop)(phr) \rn\to manage or be in control of (a shop, a business, etc)She works at a small bookshop but her dream is to run her own bookshop someday.

1.58 consistof(v) \knsIst v, v\

be composed ofA well-structured essay consists of three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion.

Use of English1.59 chaos(n) \

keIs\

It is impossible to have democracy when there is economic chaos.l chaotic(adj)

1.60 depressed(adj) \dIprest\

extremely sad, miserableThe film was about the end of the world as we know it. I was depressed when I came out of the cinema.ldepression(n), depressing(adj)

1.61 getoutofcontrol(phr) \get aUt v kn

trUl\

when something gets out of control, you have no power over it anymoreTeenagers often get out of control; they stay out late, neglect school and dont listen to their parents.

1.62 trained(adj) \treInd\someone who is trained has received proper instructionThese language teachers are well trained and can guarantee good results in only three months.l train(v), trainer(n), training(n)

1.63 counsellor(n) \kaUnsl\

adviserThey sought a marriage counsellors help but it didnt help; they got a divorce in the end.l counsel(v)

1.64 operator(n) \preIt\

someone who connects calls, operates a telephone switchboardIf you dont want to be charged for the telephone call, tell the operator you want to make a collect call.loperate(v)

1.65 resemble(v) \rIzembl\

be like, be similar toTina resembles her father a lot; she has got his smile.l resemblance(n)

1.66 involve(v) \Invlv\

requireBeing the General Manager of a company involves a great deal of hard work.l involved(adj), involvement(n)

1.67 accusesbofsth/-ing(v) \kjuz

smbdi v smTIN\say that somebody has done something wrong/is guilty of a crimeThe young man was wrongly accused of mugging the old woman.laccusation(n)

UNIT 1

1 Family Ties

1.68 dealwith(v) \dil wID, wIT\

handle sthI cant deal with rude people; they annoy me extremely.

1.69 blamesbforsth(v) \bleIm smbdi

f smTIN\hold somebody responsible for somethingShe blamed her son for breaking the vase but it was actually the dog that did it.lblame(n) (put the blame on sb)

1.70 sthis(not)onesfault(phr) \smTIN Iz wnz

fOlt\

somebody is (not) responsible for something wrongIts not my fault were late; Jane took hours to get ready.

Workbook1.71 movein(phr v) \muv

In\

begin to live in a place as your homeWhen her parents divorced, Lilian moved in with her father.

Opp.:moveout(phr v)

1.72 orphanage(n) \OfnIdZ\

a place where orphans liveFred grew up in an orphanage.lorphan(n)

1.73 settlein(phr v) \setl In\

become used to living in a placeAt first it was difficult for Tom but soon he settled in his new environment.

1.74 fortunate(adj) \fOtSnt\

luckyYou were very fortunate that the teacher never found out it was you who broke the classroom window.l fortune(n), fortunately(adv)

Opp.:unfortunate(adj)

1.75 concern (n) \knsn\

worry, careHer children are her only concern.l concerned(adj)

1.76 aspect(n) \spekt\

angle, sideOne negative aspect of living in the city is the traffic.

1.77 glimpse(v) \glImps\catch sight ofBetty glimpsed Mary who was standing at the other side of the room and immediately turned her back; she didnt want to speak to her.lglimpse(n)

1.78 stare(v) \ste\look at sb/sth for a long timeSarah kept staring at the expensive sports car that was parked outside the shop; she would love to have one of her own.l stare(n)

1.79 satisfactory(adj) \stIsfktri\

acceptable, good enoughYour results in the tests were satisfactory but Im sure you can do a lot better.l satisfy(v), satisfied (adj), satisfaction(n)

1.80 takeup(phr v) \teIk p\

start, become involved inShe took up volleyball in her free time.

UNIT

2 The Open Road

Reading 2.1 invent(v) \In

vent\

make up, discoverDo you remember the name of the man who invented the light bulb?l invention(n), inventor(n)

2.2 process(n) \prUses\

procedure, methodTranslating books isnt easy and takes quite a lot of time; its a time-consuming process.lprocessed(adj)

2.3 achieve(v) \tSiv\

accomplish, complete, fulfillAt the age of 60, Tessa is very pleased with her life because she has achieved all her goals.lachievement(n), achiever(n)

2.4 cart(n) \kAt\wagonIn the past, people travelled around in horse-drawn carts.

2.5 record(n) \rekOd\

the best result ever achieved in a sport or activityThe athlete broke the world record and became the new world champion.

2.6 railway(n) \reIlweI\

trains travelling on steel rails\tracksThousands of immigrants to America worked hard to build the railway.

2.7 heat(v) \hit\warm up, make hotHeat the oven for a while and then put the food inside.lheater(n)

Opp.:cool(v)

2.8 putout(phr v) \pUt aUt\

extinguishThe firemen managed to put out the fire after a couple of hours.

Opp.:setfireto(v)

2.9 land(v) \lnd\when an aeroplane comes down to the groundThe aeroplane ran out of fuel and the pilot had to land it in the middle of the desert.

Opp.:takeoff(v)

2.10 design(n) \dIzaIn\

plan, drawing, modelThe new boutique has attracted a lot of customers because it has a lot of very interesting and unique designs.ldesigner(n)

2.11 hydrofoil(n) \haIdrUfOIl\

a kind of boat that can also travel partly out of the waterYou can travel to Hydra and Spetses on a hydrofoil.

2.12 hovercraft(n) \hvkrAft\

a vehicle that can travel across land and water on a cushion of airI had never seen a hovercraft until I visited a seaside town in England where I saw one coming out of the water and moving along the beach.

2.13 aircraft(n)/ekrAft/

(plural:aircraft)an aeroplane or helicopterDid you see those two aircraft? They were flying at the speed of sound!

2.14 industry(n) \Indstri\

business, productionFord brought about major developments in the car industry.l industrial(adj), industrialise(v)

2.15 challenge(n) \tSlndZ\

test, trialFor an inexperienced teacher like her, teaching such a class will be a big challenge.l challenging(adj)

2.16 spaceshuttle(n) \speIs Stl\

spacecraftThe space shuttle was launched in space on 6th

February, at 8 oclock in the morning.

The Open Road

UNIT

2 The Open Road

2.17 tracks(n) \trks\railsIn this western, the cowboy saves the girl whos tied down onto the railway tracks just a second before the train comes.

2.18 vehicle(n) \viIkl\

a means of transportThe driver of the car was going too fast and collided with another vehicle.

2.19 cushion(n) \kUSn\

pillow, thick layer (of air, for example)She lay comfortably on some cushions on the floor, reading a novel.

2.20 besbsturntodosth(phr) \bi smbdiz tn t

du smTIN\

be next to do sthI washed the dishes yesterday; today its your turn.

Vocabulary builder2.21 cabin(n) \

kbIn\

a room where you sleep when on a shipThe island is only four hours away by ship; you dont need to book a cabin.

2.22 taxirank(n) \tksi rNk\

a place where taxis line up for customersTheres a taxi rank nearby; youll easily find a taxi there.

2.23 fare(n) \fe\charge, priceTaxi fares in Germany are outrageous! You pay 35 for a 25-kilometre ride. Its ridiculous!

2.24 airline(n) \elaIn\

a company that provides services by flying people from place to place by aeroplaneShe booked her plane ticket to Italy with Alitalia airline.

2.25 underground(n) \ndgraUnd\

the tube, the subwayThe underground in Athens has really helped with the traffic problem in the city centre.

2.26 platform (n) \pltfOm\

the place in a railway station where you get on or off a train.- Excuse me, which platform does the train to Manchester leave from?- Platform 6, sir.

2.27 terminal(n) \tmInl\

a building at an airport where passengers wait to get on an aeroplaneAttention, please. All passengers with tickets for flight LH3420 to Frankfurt, please proceed to the terminal, gate 11.

2.28 ferry(n) \feri\

ferry boat, a ship that carries people as well as vehiclesThere were a lot of cars at the port, waiting to get on different ferries to the islands.

2.29 coach(n) \kUtS\busShe flew from Athens to Thessaloniki and from there she took the coach to Serres.

2.30 travel(n) \trvl\

journeyAir travel is probably the safest way to get from one place to another.l travelling(n), traveller(n)

2.31 journey(n) \dZni\

travel, tripIt was a very tiring journey from Athens to Singapore and then to Hong Kong; when he finally got home, he was exhausted.

2.32 trip(n) \trIp\a journey to a particular placeMr Jenkins has been on a business trip to Munich since Monday; hell be back tomorrow.

2.33 miss(v) \mIs\arrive too late to catch a plane, bus, etcHe missed the bus again today so he was late for work.

Opp.: catch(v)

2.34 lose(v) \luz\misplace, be defeatedHe has lost his car keys so hes borrowed my car for the day.l loss(n), loser(n)

Opp.: find(v),win(v)

UNIT

2 The Open Road

2.35 double-deckerbus(n) \dbl dek bs\a bus with two levelsWe sat upstairs on the double-decker bus and enjoyed a magnificent view during the tour around the city.

Listening2.36 applyfor(v) \

plaI f, fO\

requestMary has applied for the position of secretary at a big company.lapplication(n), applicant(n)

2.37 current(adj) \krnt\

present, present-dayTheir current financial condition doesnt allow them to go on holiday for a whole month.l currently(adv)

2.38 hut(n) \ht\shed, cabinThe family was so poor that they couldnt afford a proper house; they lived in a small hut in the country.

2.39 pat(v) \pt\stroke, caressThe little girl patted the dog on the head.

Speaking2.40 havesthincommon(phr) \hv

smTIN In kmn\

share the same interestsI cant understand why they got married; they have nothing in common.

2.41 swap(v) \swp\exchangeKate didnt want to sit next to Harry so she swapped places with somebody else.

Use of English2.42 breakdown(phr v) \breIk

daUn\

(for an engine) stop working He was late for work this morning because his car broke down on the way.

2.43 insiston(v) \InsIst n\

demand, put ones foot downHe insisted on giving me a lift home because it was very late.l insistence (n), insistent(adj)

2.44 remindsbofsth (v) \rImaInd smbdi

v smTIN\make sb rememberPlease remind me to call Jane later; Im afraid Ill forget again.l reminder(n)

2.45 takesthintoaccount(phr) \teIk smTIN IntU

kaUnt\

considerBefore you decide to leave your job, you have to take several things into account.

2.46 range(n) \reIndZ\varietyThere was a wide range of modern designs at the new clothes shop.l range(v)

2.47 wonder(n) \wnd\

miracle, phenomenonThe Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.lwonderful(adj)

Writing2.48 encourage(v) \In

krIdZ\

give courage to sb, cheerHis family encouraged him to accept the job abroad because it would be a great experience for him.lencouragement(n), encouraging

(adj)Opp.: discourage(v)

2.49 raise(v) \reIz\lift, increase, collectEvery year, our school raises some money for charity.l raise(n)

2.50 tax(n) \tks\money paid to the government Now that you have a proper full-time job youll have to pay your taxes, too.

2.51 reliable(adj) \rIlaIbl\

dependable, trustworthyBuses in Germany are a very reliable means of transport; they are always on time.l reliability(n)

Opp.: unreliable(adj)

UNIT

2 The Open Road

2.52 prevent(v) \prIvent\

stop sth from happeningShe took an aspirin to prevent the headache from becoming stronger.lprevention(n)

2.53 pouringrain(phr) \pOrIN reIn\

heavy rain

2.54 drownedrat(exp) \draUnd rt\

soaking wetHe had to walk in the pouring rain without an umbrella for over an hour; when he came home, he looked like a drowned rat.

10 UNIT

3 Killing Time

Reading3.1 takepartin(phr) \teIk

pAt In\

participateOur school took part in the anti-war demonstration today.

3.2 competition(n) \kmptISn\

contestMy aunt won the chocolate cake competition; hers was the best and tastiest of all cakes!l compete(v), competitor(n), competitive(adj)

3.3 arcade(n) \AkeId\

a covered passage with shopsYoull find anything you need in this shopping arcade; there are plenty of shops here.

3.4 worthless(adj) \wTls\

useless, unimportant Do you want to keep this? No, throw it away; its a worthless piece of junk.

Opp.: useful(adj)

3.5 gear(n) \gI\equipmentIf you want to go rock climbing, you will need to rent special gear.

3.6 helmet(n) \helmIt\

a hat that protects your headThe man with the motorbike had an accident but wasnt hurt because, fortunately, he had his helmet on.

3.7 weird(adj) \wId\strange, oddI had a very weird dream last night; in it I could fly like Superman!lweirdly (adv), weirdness(n)

Opp.: normal(adj)

3.8 ink(n) \INk\coloured liquid used for writing and printingThe report was handwritten in black ink.

3.9 valuable(adj) \vljUbl\

precious, usefulI hate arguing with you; your friendship is valuable to me.lvalue(n), invaluable(adj)

Opp.: worthless(adj)

3.10 priceless(adj) \praIsls\

valuable, invaluable, preciousA priceless diamond was stolen last night from the museum; the police are looking everywhere for the thief.

3.11 ordinary(adj) \Odnri\

normal, usualNothing special happened today; it was another ordinary day for me.lextraordinary (adj), ordinarily(adv)Opp.:unusual(adj)

3.12 float(n) \flUt\a small object attached to the fishing line that stays on the surface of the waterAs soon as he saw the float moving, he could tell that he had caught a very big fish.

3.13 ignore(v) \IgnO\

take no notice of, neglectI asked you a question! Are you ignoring me? Why dont you answer me?l ignorance(n), ignorant(adj)

3.14 fit(adj) \fIt\healthy, in good shapeFred smokes a lot and isnt very fit; thats why he always takes the lift and never climbs the stairs.lfitness(n)

Opp.:unfit(adj)

3.15 bargain(n) \bAgIn\

good buy, cheap purchaseThat antique chair was a real bargain; I paid half the money its really worth.

3.16 patient(adj) \peISnt\

understanding, tolerant, forgivingHes going through a difficult phase in his life; you have to be patient with him.lpatience (n)

Opp.: impatient(adj)

Grammar clinic3.17 sortout(phr v) \sOt

aUt\

organise, tidy upYour desk is a mess; you have to sit and sort out your papers at some point.

Killing Time

UNIT 11

3 Killing Time

3.18 xylophone(n) \zaIlfUn\

When I was a student I used to play the xylophone in the school orchestra.

3.19 sore(adj) \sO\painfulRita must have caught a cold and now has a runny nose and a sore throat.

Vocabulary builder3.20 takeonestime(phr) \teIk wnz

taIm\

do sth slowly without any hurryYou can take your time looking at the travel brochure; Ill be here if you have any questions.

3.21 ontime(phr) \n taIm\

if you are on time, youre not late, you are punctualJohn is never late for his appointments; hes always on time.

3.22 have(got)timeononeshands(phr) \hv gt

taIm n wnz hndz\

have got free timeHarry has got a lot of time on his hands since he quit his job.

3.23 intime(phr) \In taIm\

if you are in time, you are not too lateDont worry; were in time for the film; it starts in fifteen minutes.

3.24 killtime(phr) \kIl taIm\

do sth not because you really want to but because youve got some time availableTo kill some time until the train comes, Ill sit at the cafe and read the newspaper.

3.25 maketime(phr) \meIk taIm\

arrange to have some free time to do sthShe is very busy but she always makes time to meet her friends.

3.26 sthgetssbdown(phr v) \smTIN gets smbdi

daUn\

sth makes sb unhappyNick had a bad argument with his boss this morning and it got him down a bit.

3.27 lookdownon(phr v) \lUk daUn n\

scorn, have contempt for sbThey are so arrogant that they look down on anybody whos not as rich as they are.

3.28 turndown(phr v) \tn daUn\

refuseAnn invited Robert to her birthday party but he turned her down; he said he was already invited to another party.

3.29 comedownwith(phr v) \km daUn

wID, wIT\ become ill with sthHe hasnt been feeling very well these past few days; maybe hes coming down with the flu.

3.30 putdown(phr v) \pUt daUn\

(for an animal) kill because it is old or illThere was nothing the vet could do for the horses bad leg so they had to put it down.

3.31 minor(adj) \maIn\

small, unimportantThis is not the point! This is of minor importance! lminority(n)

Opp.: major(adj)

3.32 savetime (phr) \seIv taIm\

prevent the loss or waste of time, reserve, storeIf you do it as I say, youll save a lot of time; youll have it ready in no time.

Opp.:wastetime(phr)

3.33 spendtime(phr) \spend taIm\

use your time to do sthShe spends a lot of time in her garden every day.

3.34 wastetime(phr) \weIst taIm\

spend time doing sth that is not importantYoure wasting your time talking to him; in the end hell do what he thinks anyway.

Listening3.35 embarrassing(adj) \Im

brsIN\

awkward, uncomfortableHe made a very embarrassing comment about her in front of all the people and the poor girl turned red.

lembarrass(v), embarrassed(adj)

3.36 demand(v) \dImAnd\

request, require, needDoing a PhD demands a lot of time and hard work; it isnt easy.

1 UNIT

3 Killing Time

3.37 fuss(n) \fs\bother, troubleIts not a big deal; why are you making such a fuss?

Use of English3.38 regret(v) \rI

gret\

feel sorry aboutShe regrets talking to him in this way; now she feels bad and wants to apologise.

l regret(n), regretful(adj)

3.39 objectto(v) \bdZekt t, tU\

argue against, opposeHis wife objects to his applying for a job abroad; she doesnt want to live anywhere else but here.

lobjection(n)Opp.: approveof(v),agreeto(v)

3.40 approveof(v) \pruv v, v\

agree to, favourThe teacher approved of the students decision to organise a visit to the archaeological museum.lapproval(n)

Opp.:disapproveof(v)

3.41 lineup(phr v) \laIn p\

place in a line, one after the otherThe little boy lined up his toys on the floor and played alone for hours.

UNIT 1

4 Work Wonders

Reading4.1 satisfaction(n) \stIs

fkSn\

fulfillmentThe teacher expressed her satisfaction with the progress of her students.l satisfy(v), satisfied(adj), satisfactory(adj), satisfying(adj)

4.2 manage(v) \mnIdZ\

be in charge of, direct, runEver since his father died, John has been managing the family company on his own.lmanager(n), managerial(adj)

4.3 expenses(n) \IkspensIz\

amount of money spent, cost, paymentNow that Kate has lost her job, shell have to cut down on her expenses.lexpensive(adj)

4.4 appreciate(v) \priSieIt\

be grateful forI really appreciate your help; I wouldnt have done it without you!lappreciation(n), appreciative(adj)

4.5 charity (n) \tSrti\

philanthropy, helpThey arent very rich but every year they give a considerable amount of money to charity.l charitable(adj)

4.6 hold(v) \hUld\have, possessShe holds a Masters degree in finance.

4.7 voluntary(adj) \vlntri\

without getting paid, free willingSarah does voluntary work at the orphanage at the weekends.lvolunteer(v), (n), voluntarily(adv)

4.8 cover(v) \kv\

guarantee that money will be paid if necessaryThe company covers all my expenses when I go on business trips abroad; I dont have to pay for anything.

4.9 insurance(n) \InSUrns\

protection, security, guaranteeWe pay a lot of money on private life insurance.l insure(v)

4.10 broadcast(v) \brOdkAst\

transmit, put on the airThey are going to broadcast the open air rock concert live on TV tonight; Ill definitely watch it.lbroadcaster(n), broadcasting(n)

4.11 staff(n) \stAf\employees, personnelHes been working for this company for 20 years; hes a senior member of staff.

4.12 expand(v) \Ikspnd\

broaden, develop, extendThe company is doing so well that is now considering expanding its business abroad as well.lexpansion(n)

4.13 vacancy(n) \veIknsi\

job, opening, positionIll send my CV to the personnel manager at IBM; I heard theres a vacancy. Maybe theyll call me for a job interview.lvacant(adj)

4.14 provide(v) \prvaId\

supply, giveMy PhD supervisor provided me with a copy of the book I needed for my research.lprovision(n)

Vocabulary builder4.15 accountant(n) \

kaUntnt\

bookkeeper, sb who keeps financial accountsHe is an accountant and keeps the financial accounts for three different companies.

4.16 salesrep(n) \seIlz rep\

sb who travels around and sells a companys productsBeing a sales rep for a big publishing house involves a lot of travelling abroad.

Work Wonders

1 UNIT

4 Work Wonders

4.17 civilservant(n) \sIvl svnt\

sb who works for the stateLaura is a civil servant; she works at the Ministry of Education.

4.18 civilengineer(n) \sIvl endZInI\

sb who constructs buildings, bridges, etcGeorge is a civil engineer; in the mornings hes on the construction site and in the evenings he works at his office.

4.19 labourer(n) \leIbr\

manual workerHer husband works as a labourer on a construction site.l labour(n)

4.20 miner(n) \maIn\

sb who works underground in mines and digs for coal, gold, etcBeing a miner must be a dirty and dangerous job.lmine(n)

4.21 income(n) \Inkm\

earnings, salaryShes very bad at handling her money; her monthly expenses are often more than her income.

4.22 taxoffice(n) \tks fIs\

the government department which collects taxesShe went to the tax office this morning to settle the payment of tax.

4.23 coal(n) \kUl\black rock found undergroundThere was an accident this morning at one of the coal mines but fortunately none of the miners was killed.

4.24 getthesack(phr) \get D sk\

get fired, be dismissedThe secretary got the sack because she was very inefficient.

4.25 workovertime(phr) \wk UvtaIm\

work long hoursShe is in charge of a very important project at work at the moment and she works overtime almost every day.

4.26 promote(v) \prmUt\

raise, upgradeHe started as a sales rep but has now been promoted to sales manager.lpromotion(n)

Opp.: demote(v)

4.27 permanently(adv) \pmnntli\

for everHes under such pressure that hes permanently stressed out; thats extremely bad for his health.lpermanent(adj)

Opp.: temporarily(adv)

4.28 earn(v) \n\make, receiveHes the Marketing Director at a company and earns quite a lot of money.

4.29 win(v) \wIn\come firstThe runner who won the marathon was French.

4.30 lotteryticket(n) \ltri tIkIt\

an entry ticket for a competitionDid you hear about Mike? He bought a lottery ticket and won 1,000!

4.31 salary(n) \slri\

monthly pay Monica wasnt satisfied with her salary so she asked her boss for a raise.

4.32 wage(n) \weIdZ\payment (usually weekly)The labourers wages are 100 per week.

Listening4.33 careersofficer(n) \k

rIz fIs\

sb who advises (young) people regarding different professionsA careers officer came to school today and discussed with us what professions are in demand at present.

4.34 last(v) \lAst\continue, carry onThe flight from Athens to Munich lasts two hours approximately.l lasting(adj)

UNIT 1

4 Work Wonders

Speaking4.35 tomb(n) \tum\

graveThe archaeologists had been digging for months before they found those ancient tombs.

4.36 pneumonia(n) \njumUni\

a serious disease of the lungsMy grandmother nearly died of pneumonia when she was ten.

4.37 knight(n) \naIt\This book is about King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table.

Use of English4.38 calculation(n) \klkjU

leISn\

working out a mathematical resultIm not good at doing calculations in my mind so I always carry my calculator with me.l calculate(v), calculator(n)

4.39 mumble(v) \mmbl\

speak quietly and not clearly, mutterI asked him where he had been but he mumbled an answer I didnt understand.lmumble(n)

4.40 grumble(v) \grmbl\

complain, moan, whineHe got so annoyed by the heavy traffic, he didnt stop grumbling all the way back home.lgrumble(n)

4.41 senior(adj) \sini\

superiorIn the last few years you can see more and more women in senior posts in the government.Opp.: junior(adj)

4.42 rush(v) \rS\hurryTake your time to think this over; you shouldnt rush a decision.

4.43 fellowworker(n) \felU wk\

colleague, partnerHes a favourite amongst his fellow workers; they all like him.

Workbook4.44 wealthy(adj) \

welTi\

richThe Roberts are so wealthy; they live in a huge house and theyve all got their own cars.lwealth(n)

Opp.:poor

4.45 do(ajob)foraliving(phr) \du fr lIvIN\ do a job in order to earn the money you needWhat do you do for a living? Im an architect.

4.46 majority(n) \mdZrti\

greater number, the mostThe majority of people living in the countryside are farmers.lmajor (adj)

4.47 exhaustion(n) \IgzOstSn\

feeling of extreme tirednessAfter working long hours for a whole month, he suffered from exhaustion.lexhaust(v), exhausting(adj), exhausted(adj)

4.48 collapse(v) \klps\

fall downJason worked very hard today; when he came home at the end of the day, he was so tired, he collapsed.

4.49 getthrough(phr v) \get Tru\

contact sb on the telephoneElaine tried to call Marianne at the office but she didnt get through the first time round.

1 UNIT

5 The Global Village

5.9 incredible(adj) \Inkredbl\

unbelievable Look at these acrobats; its incredible how they can keep their balance one on top of the other.l incredibly(adv)

5.10 stream(n) \strim\flood, flowThere was a stream of letters from the readers arriving by post every morning at the newspapers offices.

5.11 beam(down)(v) \bim\send out, broadcastThe anti-war demonstration was beamed live worldwide.

5.12 cable(n) \keIbl\

wireShe bought a new TV set and a VCR but she doesnt know how to connect the cables.

5.13 keepuptodatewith(phr) \kip p t deIt wID, wIT\have the latest information about sthHe loves reading about cars and keeps up to date with all the new models on the market.

5.14 figure(n) \fIg\

numberI dont believe this figure of unemployed people in the country is true; I think that a lot more people are without a job.

5.15 instantly(adv) \Instntli\

immediately, at onceThe service at this restaurant is amazing; you get served almost instantly.l instant(n), instantaneous(adj)

5.16 face(v) \feIs\come up againstYou cant just think that the problem will go away on its own; you have to face it.

5.17 whatthefutureholds(exp) \wt D fjutS

hUldz\

what the future has in store, what will happenNo one knows what the future holds for them; whatever is to happen, will happen.

5.1 global(adj) \glUbl\

worldwide, universalGlobal warming is one of the major environmental concerns of our time.lglobe(n), globally(adv), globalise(v)

Reading5.2 survey (n) \

sveI\

examination, studyAccording to a survey regarding the most popular sitcom, Friends is at the top of the list.

5.3 adolescent(n) \dlesnt\

teenagerMost adolescents nowadays arent interested in reading literature; they prefer to watch TV. ladolescence(n)

5.4 documentary(n) \dkjUmentri\

informative\educational programme on TVThere was a very interesting documentary on TV last night about the life of different African tribes.

5.5 tendto(v) \tend t, tU\

be inclined to, have a tendency toWhen under stress, Martha tends to behave rudely to her colleagues. l tendency(n)

5.6 affect(v) \fekt\

influence, changeHis parents constant fights affect the little boy extremely.

5.7 effect(n) \Ifekt\

result, consequenceIf we dont start caring about the environment, the effects will be disastrous.leffective(adj), effectively(adv)

5.8 dominate(v) \dmIneIt\

controlHe always talks so much that he dominates the conversation and doesnt let anybody else talk.ldominant(adj), domination(n)

The Global Village

UNIT 1

5 The Global Village

5.18 select(v) \sIlekt\

choose, pickTina saw many books at the book exhibition that she liked but in the end she selected and bought only two.l selection(n), selective(adj)

5.19 turnover(phr v) \tn Uv\

switch overAs soon as she realised that the children were watching a violent film, she grabbed the remote control and turned over.

Grammar clinic5.20 oncable(phr) \n

keIbl\

television signals sent along underground cablesThere are many channels in Europe which are available on cable.

5.21 newsbulletin(n) \njuz bUltIn\

a TV or radio programme which presents the newsWell have more information about the bank robbery in our next news bulletin at 9.

Vocabulary builder5.22 sitcom(n) \

sItkm\

(short for: situation comedy)Friends is the most popular sitcom at the moment all around the world.

5.23 contestant(n) \kntestnt\

competitorOn this game show, the contestant who gives an answer last, or gives no answer at all, loses.l contest(n)

5.24 producer(n) \prdjus\

the person who pays for a film or TV programme to be madeTom Cruise is also the producer of many of his films; this way he has control over the whole project.lproduce(v), production(n), product(n)

5.25 turnon(phr v) \tn n\

switch onCould you turn on the kettle for me, please? Id like to make a hot cup of tea.

Opp.: turnoff(phr v)

5.26 carryon(phr v) \kri n\

continue, go onShe was talking to him but he carried on reading his newspaper as if he wasnt listening.

5.27 puton(phr v) \pUt n\

broadcast, show on TVI wish they wouldnt put on so much sport on Saturday night.

Opp.:takeoff(phr v)

5.28 comeon(phr v) \km n\

startShe feels exhausted and has a little temperature; it must be the flu coming on.

5.29 (sth)growon(sb)(phr v) \grU n\

start to like sth more and moreAt first I didnt like Chinese food but now it has started growing on me.

5.30 bringon(phr v) \brIN n\

causeHeavy smoking brings on lung problems, sooner or later.

5.31 logon(phr v) \lg n\

log in, start using a computer systemYou need a password to log on to this programme; unless you know it, you cant use it.

5.32 takeon(phr v) \teIk n\

accept (a job, a responsibility)She already had a very full schedule so she didnt take on the extra private lesson.

5.33 getonwith(phr v) \get n wID, wIT\

get along, have a good relationshipAlex doesnt get on with the other boys in this basketball team so he asked his teacher to change teams.

5.34 front-pagenews(phr) \frnt peIdZ njuz\news published on the first page of the newspaperThe assassination of the Minister of Defence was front-page news today.

5.35 couchpotato(n) \kaUtS pteItU\

sb who spends a lot of time in front of the TVHes a couch potato; he doesnt like to go out or read any books; he just spends hours in front of the TV.

1 UNIT

5 The Global Village

5.36 beonthespot(phr) \bi n D spt\

be at the actual place where sth is happening at the time it is happeningThe reporter is on the spot of the fatal car accident giving all the latest information on how it happened.

5.37 hittheheadlines(phr) \hIt D hedlaInz\get a lot of publicity from the mediaThe weddings and divorces of celebrities usually hit the headlines.

5.38 beontheair(phr) \bi n Di e\

be broadcast on radio or televisionThe Prime Minister will be on the air in a few minutes to comment on the new law.

Opp.: beofftheair(phr)

Listening5.39 exchange(n) \Iks

tSeIndZ\

short conversationTheres been an angry exchange between the two colleagues over a work issue and now theyre not on speaking terms.

Speaking5.40 occur(v) \

k\

happenIts the first time that something like this has happened; it has never occurred before.loccurrence(n)

Use of English5.41 realise(v) \

rIlaIz\

suddenly understand, make a dream come trueWhen he realised his mistake, he apologised to her.He works hard to realise his dream; he wants to have his own restaurant one day.l realisation(n)

5.42 run(v) \rn\move quickly, manage a businessShe ran downstairs to pick up the phone as she was expecting an important call from abroad.Kate runs a clothes shop in the city centre.

5.43 feel(v) \fil\touch with your hands, experience an emotionFeel this material; its very soft.She was feeling extremely tired so she went to bed early.l feeling(n)

5.44 order(v) \Od\

command, ask forThe major ordered the soldier to stay in line.She ordered schnitzel with vegetables and French fries.lorder(n)

5.45 suggest(v) \sdZest\

propose, remind sb ofHe suggested that they go out for dinner at an expensive restaurant.This smell suggests to me my holidays in the country house in Wales.l suggestion(n)

5.46 argue(v) \Agju\

quarrel, make a pointAt first, the journalist argued with the newspaper editor about the way the article should be written but in the end they agreed.She argued that taking a small nap during the day is very healthy and recharges your batteries.largument(n)

5.47 tense(adj) \tens\stressful, stressed outShe cant keep calm when she finds herself in tense situations at the office; she panics and makes mistakes.l tension(n)

Writing5.48 dreadful(adj) \

dredfl\

terrible, awfulI heard some dreadful news on the radio; there was a terrible accident on the national road with a lot of casualties.ldread(v), dreadfully(adv)

Workbook5.49 approximately(adv) \

prksImtli\

almost, aroundThere were approximately fifty people that took part in that seminar.lapproximate(adj)

Opp.:exactly(adv)

UNIT 1

5 The Global Village

5.50 breakthrough(n) \breIkTru\

development, advanceThe invention of the telegraph was a major breakthrough at the time, followed by the invention of the telephone as we know it today.

5.51 access(v) \kses\

find, obtainHe couldnt access the secret file on the computer because he had the wrong password.laccess(n), accessible(adj), accessibility(n)

5.52 barrier(n) \bri\

boundaryThe wide use of the Internet nowadays has eliminated all barriers among different cultures in the world.

5.53 satellitedish(n) \stlaIt dIS\

They had a satellite dish installed; this way they can watch programmes on TV channels from all over the world.

5.54 addictive(adj) \dIktIv\

so enjoyable that you want to do it or have it a lotThe melody of this new song is addictive; Ive been humming it all day.laddiction(n), addicted(adj), addict(n)

5.55 encounter(v) \InkaUnt\

meet, confront, experience, faceAt the beginning, he had no idea about the difficulties he would encounter but in the end he was successful.lencounter(n)

0 UNIT

6 Come Rain or Shine

6.10 region(n) \ridZn\

area, placeThere arent many mountains in this region; most of the land here is flat.l regional (adj)

6.11 expert(n) \ekspt\

specialistLaura is an expert in 18th century English literature; she knows the works of all writers and poets.lexpertise(n)

6.12 barometer(n) \brmIt\

an instrument that measures air pressure

6.13 windmeter(n) \wInd mit\

an instrument that measures the speed or force of wind

6.14 static(n) \sttIk\

loud noise that spoils the quality of sound on radio or TVTheres a lot of static at this frequency; try to find another radio station.

6.15 clearup(phr v) \klIr p\

(for the weather) stop raining or being cloudyThe weather will soon clear up so well still be able to go on our picnic.

Vocabulary builder 6.16 hurricane(n) \

hrIkn,

hrIkeIn\

violent wind, cyclone, twisterThe hurricane in South California last week swept away the roofs of several houses.

6.17 heatwave(n) \hitweIv\

weather much hotter than usualDuring heatwaves, old people are advised to stay at home.

6.18 blizzard(n) \blIzd\

snowstormThe hikers were caught in a blizzard but thankfully they all managed to return safely.

6.19 shower(n) \SaU\

rain that lasts for a short timeTake your umbrella with you in case it rains; they said there would be showers today.

6.1 comerainorshine(exp) \km reIn O SaIn\no matter what the circumstances areHell make this trip abroad come rain or shine; hes very determined.

Reading6.2 wisdom(n) \

wIzdm\

knowledge, judgment, understandingWisdom comes with old age. lwise(adj)

6.3 amateur(adj) \mt,

mtSU\

non-professionalHes an English teacher but hes also an amateur actor; hell be in an amateur production of Shakespeares Romeo & Juliet.

Opp.: professional(n)

6.4 pattern(n) \ptn\

method, system, sequenceThis teachers classes all follow the same pattern; he doesnt allow for any spontaneity.

6.5 forecast(n) \fOkAst\

prediction, prognosisAccording to this mornings weather forecast, today is going to be sunny and hot.l forecast(v), weatherforecaster(n)

6.6 saying(n) \seIIN\

proverbTheres a saying that goes: Better safe than sorry, very wise words if you ask me.

6.7 accurate(adj) \kjUrt\

exact, preciseThe witness tried to give an accurate description of the bank robber.laccuracy(n), accurately(adv)

Opp.: inaccurate(adj)

6.8 constantly(adv) \knstntli\

all the timeHes constantly saying that he wants to quit his job and find a better one but he never does anything.l constant(adj)

6.9 altitude(n) \ltItjud\

specific height above sea levelThe jumbo jet was flying at an altitude of 30,000 ft.

Come Rain or Shine

UNIT 1

6 Come Rain or Shine

6.20 hail(n) \heIl\rain consisting of small balls of ice The storm with heavy hail last night was very bad for the crops.lhail(v)

6.21 frost(n) \frst\ice that covers the ground when the temperature is below zeroBe careful; driving is dangerous because of the early morning frost.

6.22 mist(n) \mIst\light fogEarly morning mist could be seen across the valley.lmisty(adj)

6.23 snowflake(n) \snUfleIk\

one of the soft, white bits of frozen water that fall as snowDid you know that no two snowflakes are ever the same?

6.24 raindrop(n) \reIndrp\

a single drop of rainDeina likes to sit by the window when it rains and watch the raindrops falling on it.

6.25 hailstone(n) \heIlstUn\

a small ball of iceYesterday we had a shower of hailstones.

6.26 flashoflightning (n) \f lS v laItnIN\

There was a flash of lightning on the horizon suggesting that a storm was approaching.

6.27 gustofwind(phr) \gst v wInd\

breeze, blowShe opened the window and a gust of wind threw the vase off the table.

6.28 puddle(ofwater)(n) \pdl v wOt\

small shallow poolAfter the rain, there were puddles of water all over the road.

6.29 mild(adj) \maIld\calm, warmThey said that this year winter is going to be very mild; thats great because I hate the cold.lmildly(adv), mildness(n)

Opp.: cold(adj)

Use of English6.30 threat(n) \Tret\

warning, dangerShe regarded her new colleague as a threat to her post because he was more experienced than her.l threaten(v), threatening(adj), threatened(adj)

6.31 drought (n) \draUt\dry spellFarmers are very worried about their crops because of the drought; if it doesnt rain soon, they will be destroyed.

6.32 seasonalaffectivedisorder(phr) \siznl

fektIv dIsOd\

feeling of tiredness and sadness when there is no sunshineThere are more people suffering from seasonal affective disorder in the northern European countries than there are in the south.

6.33 lack(n) \lk\miss, be short of, be withoutIt seems that he lacks sensitivity; he always makes cruel comments to people and doesnt care if hes hurting them.llack(v)

6.34 false(adj) \fOls\sth artificial intended to look like the real thingWhen she was little, she fell and broke her two front teeth so she had to have them replaced by false ones.

Opp.:real(adj)

6.35 artificial(adj) \AtIfISl\

man-made, non-naturalScientists have always been very interested in artificial intelligence, that is, making robots that think and feel like humans.

Opp.:natural(adj)

6.36 fake(adj) \feIk\sth forged, artificial in order to deceive peopleShe thought she was buying an authentic, expensive painting, but it turned out it was fake.

Opp.:authentic(adj)

UNIT

6 Come Rain or Shine

Workbook6.37 severe(adj) \sI

vI\

intense, extremeHis health problems are quite severe; hes going to have to spend a lot of time in hospital.l severely(adv), severity(n)

6.38 moisture(n) \mOIstS\

damp, dewThis day cream is very good; it helps keep the right level of moisture in your skin.lmoisturise(v), moisturiser(n)

6.39 spin(v) \spIn\twirl, turn, revolveHe had so much to drink that his head was spinning; he was completely drunk.

6.40 anti-clockwise(adv) \nti klkwaIz\

sth moves in a circle in the opposite direction to the hands on a clockThe choreography was beautiful; one circle of people were moving clockwise while a second smaller circle were moving anti-clockwise.

Opp.: clockwise(adj)

6.41 surge(n) \sdZ\flood, flowThe houses on the bank of the river flooded due to a water surge during a storm.l surge(v)

6.42 beonfullalert(phr) \bi n fUl lt\

be watchful, fully awakeThe fire brigade is on full alert during the summer when there is increased danger of forest fires.

6.43 precaution(n) \prIkOSn\

safety measure, protectionBecause they had little children, they had taken extra precautions in the house as well as in the garden.

6.44 massive(adj) \msIv\

hugeDid you see their house? It was massive! I had no idea they were so wealthy.lmass (n)

6.45 overflow(v) \UvflU\

flood, pour overShe put the glass under the tap to fill it up with water but she wasnt careful and it overflowed.loverflow(n)

6.46 pipe(n) \paIp\tubeThe pipes were blocked and the kitchen sink kept flooding so we had to call the plumber.

UNIT

7 A Matter of Taste

7.10 skin(n) \skIn\outer layer She was walking down the street when she suddenly slipped on a banana skin.l skin(v)

Grammar clinic7.11 refuse(v) \rI

fjuz\

say no, declineShe refused to answer his questions and she simply walked away.l refusal(n)

7.12 deny(v) \dInaI\

say that sth is not trueThe boy denied breaking the window.ldenial(n)

Opp.: admit(v)

7.13 admit(v) \dmIt\

confess, acceptIn the end, Mark admitted that he had made a terrible mistake and apologised.

7.14 claim(v) \kleIm\maintainAlbert claims to have climbed Mount Everest but, of course, no one believes him.l claim(n)

Vocabulary builder7.15 fry(v) \fraI\

to cook food in hot fat or oilMary had fried meatballs and salad for lunch today.l fried(adj)

7.16 boil(v) \bOIl\when you cook sth in boiling waterWait for the water to boil first and then throw in the pasta.

7.17 grill(v) \grIl\when you cook sth using heat directly over or under itGeorge grilled the steaks and some vegetables which turned out absolutely delicious.

Reading7.1 top(v) \tp\

finish, garnishThe cake was topped with cherries and chocolate chips.

7.2 lick(off)(v) \lIk\touch with your tongueWhen his mother turned her back, the little boy touched the cake and then licked the chocolate off his fingers.

7.3 dish(n) \dIS\food, recipeShe really likes cooking; now shes into making Chinese dishes.

7.4 jacketpotato(n) \dZkIt pteItU\

potato baked with its skin onJacket potatoes with butter is one of my favourite dishes!

7.5 slave(n) \sleIv\someone who is the property of another person and has to obey and work for that personHave you read Uncle Toms Cabin? Its the story of a slave and his family; a very good book.l slavery(n)

7.6 bitter(adj) \bIt\

unsweetenedI cant drink coffee without any sugar at all; its very bitter.lbitterly(adv), bitterness(n)

7.7 toaster (n) \tUst\

electric equipment used to toast breadThe rooms we let have a fully equipped kitchen, including dishes, knives and forks and a toaster.

7.8 bake(v) \beIk\to cook in the ovenMother is baking her delicious chocolate cake; I cant wait to taste it!lbakery (n), baker(n)

7.9 oven(n) \vn\

an electric piece of equipment in the kitchen that you use to cook food inDont touch the oven; its still very hot.

A Matter of Taste

UNIT

7 A Matter of Taste

7.18 roast(v) \rUst\when you cook sth in the oven or over a fireShe roasted the chicken whole.l roast(adj)

7.19 ingredient(n) \Ingridint\

component, elementIan realised he didnt have all the ingredients so he didnt make sushi after all.

7.20 cooker(n) \kUk\

a large piece of kitchen equipment that is used for cookingI cant remember whether I turned the cooker off before leaving the house.

7.21 dairy(adj) \deri\

foods made of milkYoull find milk and yoghurt in the dairy products section of the supermarket.ldairy(n)

7.22 spicy(adj) \spaIsi\

hotIndian food is quite spicy but I like it a lot; of course, I always drink a lot of water with it!l spice(n)

7.23 sour(adj) \saU\

sth that has a sharp unpleasant taste like lemonEvery time we go to a Chinese restaurant, we order sweet and sour chicken; its our favourite.

7.24 passout(phr v) \pAs aUt\

faintAn old lady passed out on the bus this morning and people helped her up; thankfully, she came round quickly.

7.25 backout(phr v) \bk aUt\

withdrawAt first, Luke wanted to become our business partner but later he backed out; I dont know why.

7.26 runoutof(phr v) \rn aUt v, v\

have no more of sthWe are running out of time; this report should be ready in ten minutes.

7.27 dropout(phr v) \drp aUt\

leave, give upOwen wanted to drop out of high school and get a job but fortunately his parents managed to persuade him against it.

7.28 fallout(phr v) \fOl aUt\

argueRita and Fiona fell out yesterday but today theyre friends again.

7.29 cutout(phr v) \kt aUt\

give upThe only thing she has cut out from her diet was bread and shes lost a lot of weight.

7.30 fryingpan(n) \fraIIN pn\

a pan with a long handle used for frying foodShe waited for the oil to heat in the frying pan and then she put in the onion and the other vegetables.

7.31 mixingbowl(n) \mIksIN bUl\

a large bowl used for mixing ingredients together eg flour and butterWendy mixed the ingredients for the cake in the mixing bowl, she poured the mix into the baking tin and put it in the oven to bake.

7.32 servingspoon(n) \svIN spun\

a large spoon used to serve foodAlexia didnt have a proper serving spoon for the rice so she used a normal one.

7.33 carvingknife(n) \kAvIN naIf\

a long, sharp knife used to cut cooked meatTony used a carving knife to cut the roast meat in thin slices.

7.34 bakingtray(n) \beIkIN treI\

a flat, shallow square tray used for baking things such as biscuitsWhen she took the baking tray out of the oven, the house was filled with an amazing smell of chocolate chip biscuits.

Listening7.35 bang(v, n) \bN\

(make) a sudden loud noiseShe was furious; she banged the door and locked herself in her room.

7.36 sag(v) \sg\hang down looselyThe shutters in the childrens room sagged so were having them fixed today.

UNIT

7 A Matter of Taste

7.37 brink(n) \brINk\vergeMartha has been through so much lately that shes on the brink of depression; Im really worried about her.

Use of English 7.38 fortune(n) \

fOtSn\

luck, fatePeter doesnt believe in fortune tellers; he thinks they all trick you in order to get your money.l fortunate(adj), fortunately(adv)

7.39 occupy(v) \kjUpaI\

invade, take overGermany occupied the biggest part of Europe during World War II.loccupation(n)

Workbook7.40 immigrant(n) \

ImIgrnt\

settlerA boat carrying illegal immigrants arrived at the port yesterday. l immigrate(v)

7.41 prescription(n) \prIskrIpSn\

instructions for medicine given by the doctorI couldnt make out the doctors handwriting on the prescription but the pharmacist could.lprescribe(v)

7.42 saucepan(n) \sOspn\

panShe put the tomato sauce in the saucepan together with a little oil and basil and let it boil.

7.43 raw(adj) \rO\fresh, uncookedSome people can eat meat that is almost raw; I always want my steak well done.

Opp.: cooked(adj)

7.44 flavour(n) \fleIv\

tasteShe had a milkshake with strawberry flavour.lflavoured(adj)

7.45 associate(v) \sUsieIt\

connect, linkJazz music has always been associated with the Southern United States.

7.46 candlelit(adj) \kndllIt\

lit by the light of candlesHe invited her to his house and offered a romantic candlelit dinner which he had prepared all by himself.

7.47 ideal(adj) \aIdIl\

perfectThere is no such thing as an ideal job; there are always advantages and disadvantages.l ideally(adv)

7.48 attend(v) \tend\

be present, turn upMany students are down with the flu so not many of them attended todays classes.lattendance(n)

7.49 catering(n) \keItrIN\

preparing food and drink for a large number of peopleOlga has always been a great cook so she has recently decided to go into the catering business.l cater(v)

UNIT

8 Out and About

Grammar clinic8.8 bullfight(n) \

bUlfaIt\

a form of entertainment involving a man fighting and killing a bullBullfights are a traditional Spanish entertainment.lbullfighter(n)

Vocabulary builder8.9 holidayrep(n) \

hlIdeI rep\

a person whose job is to look after people on a package holidayThe people complained to the holiday rep about the low standard of service at the hotel.

8.10 route(n) \rut\way, directionThe road to the village was blocked by a big rock that had fallen off the mountain.

8.11 customs(n) \kstmz\

the place (airports, borders etc) where officials check things brought into a countryTravellers in the countries of the European Community dont have to declare goods at customs anymore.

8.12 handover(v) \hnd Uv\

pass sth to sb, giveWhen his mother asked him to hand over her mobile phone, he gave it to her immediately.

8.13 guidebook(n) \gaIdbUk\

a book that gives tourists information about a placeBefore going to Austria, she bought the Rough Guide guidebook to find out where she should go and what places she should visit.

8.14 takesbagesto(phr) \teIk smbdi eIdZIz t\take sb a lot of time toThe new secretary is so slow; it took her ages to type one single letter.

8.15 pace(n) \peIs\speed, rateNot all students in a classroom learn at the same pace but thats perfectly normal.

Reading8.1 daring(adj) \

derIN\

brave, boldIm not as daring as you are; Id never try bungee jumping. No way!ldare(v), daringly(adv)

8.2 stopover(n) \stpUv\

short stay in a place before reaching your destinationThis flight to London is not direct; well make a stopover in Paris.

8.3 jetlag(n) \dZetlg\

a feeling of tiredness after travelling many hours by aeroplane, especially between places with a big time differenceAfter flying for 10 hours from Athens to New York, Mike suffered from jet lag; it took him at least two days to recover.

8.4 impressive(adj) \ImpresIv\

exciting, movingThe students had been rehearsing this play all year and their efforts paid off; their performance was really impressive.l impress(v), impressed(adj)

Opp.: unimpressive(adj)

8.5 self-catering(adj) \self keItrIN\

a self-catering place is a place where you have to make your own mealsWe booked a self-catering room in Samos which had a fridge, a cooker and anything else you might need to prepare food.

8.6 resort(n) \rIzOt\

holiday\tourist centreThey go to a ski resort in Italy where they spend their Christmas holidays every year.

8.7 headfor(v) \hed f, fO\

make for, go toAs soon as she entered the house, she headed for her bed; she was exhausted.

Out and About

UNIT

8 Out and About

Use of English8.16 taketimeoffwork(phr) \teIk taIm f

wk\get permission not to go to workStephen took some time off work because he was moving house.

Writing 8.17 reasonable(adj) \

riznbl\

sensible, logicalAt 15 per person, the prices at this restaurant are very reasonable.l reasonably(adv)

Opp.: unreasonable(adj)

8.18 response(n) \rIspns\

answer, reactionUnfortunately, their response was negative; they hired somebody else for the post Joy had been interviewed for.l respond(v)

8.19 atonesconvenience(phr) \t wnz kn

vinins\

at a time which is most suitable for sbId like to set an appointment with you at your earliest convenience.

Show you know!8.20 appoint(v) \

pOInt\

chooseLynn was appointed as manager of the companys marketing section.

Workbook8.21 rug(n) \rg\

small carpetThe cat was lying peacefully on the rug in front of the fireplace.

8.22 shelter(v) \Selt\

protect, coverBrian sheltered in a coffee shop for about half an hour until the rain stopped.l shelter(n)

8.23 district(n) \dIstrIkt\

areaThe business district in Hamburg is called City Nord and is on the northern side of Aussen Alster Lake.

8.24 attempt(v) \tempt\

trySomebody attempted to murder the countrys Prime Minister this morning but fortunately he missed; the police are still after him.

8.25 desperate(adj) \desprt\

daring, drasticShe is so desperate to leave her present job that she would be willing to take up any kind of job.ldesperately(adv)

UNIT

9 Lab Report

9.8 discovery(n) \dIskvri\

finding, explorationRadium was a very important discovery made by Marie Curie.ldiscover(v)

9.9 carryout(phr v) \kri aUt\

perform, fulfil, realiseThe soldiers carried out the generals orders right away.

9.10 gooff(phr v) \gU f\

stop liking sth you used to likeI used to like this caf but now Ive gone off it; Ive found a new hangout.

9.11 makeoff(phr v) \meIk f\

escape (after a crime)The robbers ran out of the bank and made off in a stolen car.

9.12 takeoff(phr v) \teIk f\

remove an item of clothingTed thought it was too hot in the room so he took off his sweater.

Opp.: puton(phr v)

9.13 putoff(phr v) \pUt f\

delay sth until a later timeThey had to put off the meeting because the reports werent ready yet.

9.14 turnoff(phr v) \tn f\

switch offLana turned off the lights and went to bed.

9.15 calloff(phr v) \kOl f\

cancelThe flight to Zurich was called off due to very bad weather conditions.

Listening9.16 criminal(adj) \

krImInl\

unlawful, illegalThe man faces quite a few criminal charges stealing cars, mugging he will certainly do some time.

Reading9.1 keeptrackof (phr) \kip

trk v, v\

have the latest and most accurate information about sb/sthHis family keep track of him although hes been abroad for years.

Opp.:losetrackof(phr)

9.2 stock(n) \stk\goods, merchandiseThis bookshop never runs out of notebooks; they always have them in stock.l stock(v)

9.3 checkout(n) \tSekaUt\

the counter at the shop where you pay for what you want to buyThere was such a long queue at the checkout in the clothes shop that I decided to go back another day and get the top that I wanted.

9.4 transmit(v) \trnzmIt\

pass on, transferWhen you spoil a child, the message you are transmitting is that no is not an answer.l transmitter(n), transmission(n)

9.5 grid(n) \grId\a network of wiresAfter the storm there was a breakdown in electric power grids.

Grammar clinic9.6 link(n) \lINk\

connectionIt is said that there is a link between smoking and lung cancer.l link (v)

Vocabulary builder9.7 invention(n) \In

venSn\

when you create sth that has never been made beforeThe wheel is considered to be mans first and most important invention.l invent(v), inventor(n), inventive(adj)

Lab Report

UNIT

9 Lab Report

9.17 begoodvalueformoney(phr) \bi gUd vlju f

mni\

sth is worth the money it costsShe bought this coat 10 years ago; it was a bit expensive but as you see it still looks new; it was good value for money.

9.18 sew(v) \sU\join pieces of cloth together using a needle and thread She was sewing the seam at the side of her skirt that had come apart when she pricked her finger with the needle.l sewingmachine(n)

Use of English9.19 function(n) \

fNkSn\

purpose, role, taskThe main function of this committee is the collection of money for charity.l function(v), functional(adj)

Opp.: dysfunctional(adj)

Workbook9.20 relyon(v) \rI

laI n\

depend onHenry is relying on you to help him with Maths for the test tomorrow.

9.21 animation (n) \nImeISn\

cartoonSleeping Beauty is one of my favourite animation films; Ive watched it a million times!lanimate(v), animated(adj)

9.22 set(n) \set\scenery, settingWhen everybody had taken their places on the set, the director counted down and the filming began.

9.23 cometolife(phr) \km t laIf\

become aliveThanks to Walt Disney and the development of animation technology, cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck have come to life.

9.24 unfold(v) \nfUld\

reveal, discloseIn the beginning of the book you know very little about Jason but then, slowly, his true character unfolds.

9.25 takeover(phr v) \teIk Uv\

get control, become the one in chargeWhen Julia was away with the flu, another teacher took over her class at school.

9.26 generate (v) \dZenreIt\

produce, create, give rise toSince Disneys time, new ideas and new animation techniques have been generated.lgeneration(n)

9.27 inthefirstplace(phr) \In D fst

pleIs\the beginning of a situationLets take it from the beginning; why did you ask to see him in the first place?

9.28 contain(v) \knteIn\

include, consist ofBe careful with these documents; they contain some very important information.

9.29 pure(adj) \pjU\absoluteIt was pure chance that I met him at the cinema; we hadnt arranged it.lpurity(n), purely(adv)

9.30 checkout (phr v) \tSek aUt\

investigateTheres a new restaurant in town; lets go check it out tonight.

9.31 digitalcamera(n) \dIdZItl kmr\

Digital cameras may be a bit expensive but the quality of their picture is amazing.

9.32 runaprogram(phr) \rn prUgrm\

operate, functionThe computer crashes every time it tries to run this program; there might be a virus in the program.

9.33 shutdown(phr v) \St daUn\

stop, switch offWhen you finish, remember to shut the computer down properly.

9.34 advance(v) \dvAns\

make progressComputer technology has advanced very rapidly in the last ten years.

9.35 cloning(n) \klUnIN\

the process of creating an exact copy of an animal, plant or humanSome people strongly disagree with the idea of cloning.l clone(v), (n)

0 UNIT

9 Lab Report

9.36 genetics(n) \dZnetIks\

the study of genesGenetics has advanced so much nowadays that even the cloning of a person is possible.lgene(n), genetic(adj), genetically(adv), geneticist(n)

9.37 cure(n) \kjU\remedy, treatmentWe all hope that some day the cures for cancer and AIDS will be found.l cure(v), curable(adj), incurable(adj)

9.38 moveahead(phr v) \muv hed\

advanceSpace technology is moving ahead day by day; soon space tourism will be possible for anybody.

UNIT 10 1

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.10audience(n) \Odins\

spectatorsThe audience applauded enthusiastically at the end of the performance; they had enjoyed it extremely.

10.11leisuretime(phr) \leZ taIm\

free timeHe usually reads books or goes to the theatre in his leisure time.

10.12exception(n) \IksepSn\

special caseWith the exception of Claudia, everybody came to the dinner party.lexcept(for)(prep), exceptional

(adj), exceptionally(adv)

10.13facilities(n) \fsIltiz\

buildings, equipment, services provided for a particular purposeA swimming pool and a small spa are also included in the hotels facilities.

Grammar clinic10.14award(n) \

wOd\

prizeJulia Roberts won the Oscar award for Best Actress for her part in Erin Brockovich.laward(v)

Vocabulary builder10.15rehearsal(n) \rI

hsl\

practice, preparationThe two girls will start playing music at the club next month; for the time being, theyre having rehearsals in order to practice some more songs.l rehearse (v)

10.16audition(n) \OdISn\

test for a part in a film or playHow did the audition go? Do you think you got the part?laudition(v)

10.17play(n) \pleI\drama, dramatic pieceHe didnt do well at the audition so he wasnt chosen for the part in the play.

Reading10.1 brainless(adj) \

breInls\

stupidDont talk to me as if I was brainless; I know exactly what Im talking about.lbrain(n)

10.2 comeupwith(phr v) \km p wID,

wIT\think ofWe came up with the idea of throwing a surprise party for Tinas birthday.

10.3 hit(n) \hIt\successThis song has become the hit of the summer; its on the radio all the time.

10.4 stuff(n) \stf\things, materialCan I leave my stuff here for a minute? Ill be right back.

10.5 slightly(adv) \slaItli\

a littleToday its slightly colder than yesterday; take something warm with you when you go outside.l slight(adj)

10.6 hilarious(adj) \hIleris\

funny, humourous, entertainingThe Mask with Jim Carey was hilarious; I couldnt stop laughing.lhilariously(adv)

10.7 series(n) \sIriz\

a set of programmesBaywatch was an American series that was very popular and made Pamela Anderson known to the whole world.

10.8 cast(n) \kAst\(group of) actorsThe Age of Innocence is a very good film with a great cast including Daniel Day Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer and Winona Rider.

10.9 script(n) \skrIpt\text, dialogue, linesPersona is a film directed by Ingmar Bergman; the script is also his.l scriptwriter

Let Me Entertain You

UNIT 10

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.18critic(n) \krItIk\

reviewer, analystCritics seem to love Jude Laws latest film.l criticism(n), critical(adj), criticise(v)

10.19review(n) \rIvju\

commentary, evaluationThe critics didnt like the new film starring Johnny Depp and wrote bad film reviews.l review (v)

10.20stage(n) \steIdZ\the area in a theatre where the action happensThe moment the famous actress appeared on stage, the audience started to applaud.

10.21act(v) \kt\performThis young student acted very well in the school play; Im sure shell grow up to be an actress.lact(n), actor(n), actress(n)

10.22getajoke(phr) \get dZUk\

understand a jokeEveryone was laughing except for her; she hadnt got the joke.

10.23findajokefunny(phr) \faInd dZUk fni\think that a joke is funny

10.24tellajoke(phr) \tel dZUk\

say sth funnyTim told me a joke but I didnt find it funny.

10.25havefun(phr) \hv fn\

have a good timeWe had great fun at James party; everybody was in a good mood and we laughed a lot.

10.26makefunofsb (phr) \meIk fn v

smbdi\laugh at sb, ridicule sbThe teacher punished the two students who were making fun of Stuart because he had slipped and fallen down.

Use of English10.27clap(v) \klp\

applaudto hit your hands together to show you like somethingThe parents clapped when the little boy finished his poem at the school celebration.l clap(n)

10.28sizeable(adj) \saIzbl\

fairly largeThe land that Jake inherited from his uncle is sizeable; hes thinking of building a small hotel there.l size(n)

10.29decisive (adj) \dIsaIsIv\

determinedIt never takes him long to make a decision; I wish I were like him; Im not decisive at all.ldecide(v), decision(n), decisively(adv)Opp.: indecisive(adj)

10.30juggle(v) \dZgl\

throw and catch balls, a form of entertainmentGo to Covent Garden and youll see people juggling.l juggler(n)

10.31crowd(n) \kraUd\big group of people, audienceThe crowd were extremely entertained by the man who was juggling lit torches.l crowded (adj)

Writing10.32beunderpressure(phr) \bi nd

preS\be stressed Nick is under great pressure at work with all these deadlines he has to meet.

10.33escapeonesproblems(phr) \IskeIp wnz

prblmz\

avoid dealing with problemsEven if you try to escape your problems, they wont go away; youll still have to face them at some point.

Show you know!10.34leadingactress(n) \lidIN

ktrs\

protagonistEmma Thompson is the leading actress in the film Dead again.

10.35option(n) \pSn\

choiceHe had no option but to take the job he was offered; he had been unemployed for over a year.

UNIT 10

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.36specialise(v) \speSlaIz\

know a lot about sth, be an expertHes a film critic and specialises in silent films; he knows everything about that first stage of cinema.l specialist (n)

Workbook10.37participant(n) \pA

tIsIpnt\

sb who takes part in an activity, game, etcThe participants gathered all together to hear the rules of the game for one last time.lparticipate(v)

10.38gradually(adv) \grdZuli\

step by stepShe gradually got used to the new school; after a few months she was friends with everybody.

10.39gossip(n) \gsIp\

chatThe two girls hadnt met for a while so as soon as they got together they had a good gossip.lgossip(v), gossipy(adj)

10.40goofftheair(phr) \gU f Di e\

stop being broadcastThe show game wasnt successful so after a month it went off the air.

10.41dim(v) \dIm\darken, fadeHe dimmed the lights to create a more romantic atmosphere.

10.42sexist(adj) \seksIst\

believing that men and women should be treated differentlyI cant stand his sexist comments; how can anybody still think nowadays that men are superior to women?l sexist(n), sex(n), sexism(n)

10.43racist(adj) \reIsIst\

believing that different races are inferiorHe likes telling racist jokes about black people; the sad thing is that some people do laugh when they hear them.l race(n), racist(n), racism(n)

10.44capture(v) \kptS\

catch, arrest, take as prisonerThe hunter captured a zebra and took it to the zoo.

UNIT 11

11 The Learning Curve

11.8 compulsory(adj) \kmplsri\

obligatory, imperativeEnglish is a compulsory subject at both primary and secondary school.

Vocabulary builder11.9 suspend(v) \s

spend\

forbid a student to come to school as punishmentThe teacher suspended them for two days because they got into a fight with each other.l suspension(n)

11.10breakup (phr v) \breIk p\

start a school holidayWhen do schools break up for summer?

11.11prefect(n) \prifekt\

a student with extra responsibilitiesShe was always the best student in class thats why the teacher chose her to be the prefect.

11.12expel(v) \Ikspel\

throw outHe was expelled from school because he had missed a months lessons without any reason.

11.13obey(v) \beI\

carry out, followThe soldiers in an army have no choice but to obey the orders of their superiors.lobedient(adj)

11.14runsbover (phr v) \rn smbdi Uv\

knock down, hitOur dog was run over by a truck yesterday; were all very sad.

11.15getover(phr v) \get Uv\

recover from, get betterShe was down with the flu for a few days but now she has got over it.

11.16looksthover(phr v) \lUk smTIN Uv\examine sth very carefullyHe looked over the contract at the meeting and signed it.

11.17comeover(phr v) \km Uv\

come to a placeShe came over after work to bring me the book that I had lent to her.

11.1 learningcurve(phr) \lnIN kv\

the process of learning from ones mistakesHes at a learning curve in his job at the moment; he was completely inexperienced when he started a month ago and hes made a lot of mistakes, of course, but hes learning very quickly.

Reading11.2 legal(adj) \

ligl\

lawfulThe employee was fired for no apparent reason; hes decided to take action so he wants some legal advice as he doesnt know what to do.l legally(adv)

Opp.: illegal(adj)

11.3 bully(v) \bUli\

push around, intimidate, terroriseThe older students used to bully me when I was at school; they would take my bag and throw my books away or they would even hit and kick me.lbully (n)

11.4 fitinwith(phr v) \fIt In wID, wIT\

be part of a situation or a systemHe never managed to fit in with the rest of the children at school; he was always very shy and kept to himself.

11.5 makeanexcuse(phr) \meIk n Ik

skjus\

explain, apologise forHe tried to make an excuse for coming home late but it was of no use; his parents were mad and grounded him for a week.

11.6 understanding(n) \ndstndIN\

perception, knowledge, insightWhen she explained the problem to her boss, he showed understanding and gave her two days off work.lunderstand(v), understanding(adj)

11.7 playtruant(phr) \pleI trunt\

stay away from school without permissionIts the second time that Paul has played truant; if his parents find out, theyll punish him.

The Learning Curve

UNIT 11

11 The Learning Curve

11.18turnover(thepage)(phr v) \tn Uv\change to the next pageThe students turned over the page of the test paper and realised there were more questions that they had to answer.

11.19passover(atopic)(phr v) \pAs Uv\

choose not to talk about sthWhen they meet, they usually pass over Kathys divorce; she doesnt like to talk about it.

11.20putsthover(phr v) \pUt smTIN Uv\

get sth acrossHes a very good Maths teacher because he manages to put over to his students mathematical theories which are quite difficult.

11.21havesthinonesmind(phr ) \hv smTIN In wnz

maInd\

imagine sth a certain wayI have this thing in my mind, that I quit my job and travel all around the world for as long as it takes.

11.22havesthatthebackofonesmind(phr) \hv smTIN t D bk v wnz maInd\be aware of sth but not think about it a lotLearning German has always been at the back of my mind but it never seemed a good time to start, until now.

11.23keepanopenmind(phr) \kip n Upn

maInd\

do not rush into making a decision or forming an opinionWhen you travel to a foreign country things may be different but you must try to keep an open mind about everything.

11.24getsthoutofonesmind(phr ) \get smTIN aUt v wnz

maInd\

try to forget about sthIf it upsets you so much, try to get it out of your mind; stop thinking about it.

Listening11.25caretaker(n) \

keteIk\

warden, keeperThe lock of the school gate was broken so the students let the caretaker know; hell arrange for it to be fixed.

Use of English11.26corporalpunishment(phr) \kOprl

pnISmnt\punishing people by hitting themIn the past, teachers used to exercise corporal punishment; if a student got noisy during the lesson, the teacher would hit him with a ruler.

11.27settledown(phr v) \setl daUn\

become calm, concentrate on sthEthan was quite restless as a teenager but now he has settled down and has become the best student in his class.

11.28oppose(v) \pUz\

be againstThey strongly opposed the idea of sending their children to private schools; state schools are just as good.lopposition (n)

11.29vote(n) \vUt\to make a choice between two issues or peopleJenny would have become president of her class but for one vote; she got 12 votes while the boy who won got 13.lvote(v), voter(n)

Writing11.30onwards(adv) \

nwdz\

from then onShe had her first child at the age of 26 and from then onwards her life was never the same again.

11.31seniorhigh(AM)(n) \sini haI\

the last three years of high school

11.32secondaryschool(BRIT)(n) \sekndri\

a school children attend between 11 and 1 years old

11.33sixthform(BRIT)(n)\sIksT fOm\\

the last two years of secondary school

11.34primaryschool(BRIT)(n) \praImri skul\

a school children attend between and 11 years old

11.35elementaryschool(AM)(n) \elI

mentri skul\

a primary school

UNIT 11

11 The Learning Curve

11.36juniorhigh(AM)(n) \dZuni haI\

the first three years of high school

11.37highschool(BRIT)(n) \haI skul\

a secondary school

11.38nurseryschool(n) \nsri skul\\

a school for children before primary school

Workbook11.39sthmeetsonesneeds(phr) \smTIN

mits wnz nidz\

sth satisfies youThis monolingual English dictionary meets an advanced learners needs.

11.40organic(adj) \OgnIk\

natural, biologicalShe buys only organic fruit and vegetables, especially now that she has the baby.lorganically(adv)

11.41enrol(v) \InrUl\

officially join a school or a courseRoberta decided to study Linguistics and enrolled at the University of Reading.lenrolment(n)

11.42dedicated(adj) \dedIkeItId\

devoted, committed, enthusiasticCryssa is a dedicated follower of fashion; she buys all the latest designs.ldedicate(v), dedication(n)

11.43carpenter(n) \kApnt\

a person whose job it is to make things out of woodJohns grandfather was a carpenter; this bookcase is only one of the things he made in his life.l carpentry (n)

11.44balance(v) \blns\

stabilise, steadyHe doesnt go out often now because hes trying to balance his expenses and his income; lately he has been spending quite a lot of money.lbalance(n)

11.45alternative(n) \OltntIv\

choice, optionWe had to do as he said; there was no alternative.lalternative(adj)

11.46remarkable(adj) \rImAkbl\

extraordinary, outstandingAlex has a remarkable memory; he remembers little things that happened years ago.

11.47renowned(adj) \rInaUnd\

famous, well-knownMaria Callas was a renowned opera singer; she was famous all around the world.l renown(n)

11.48unique(adj) \junik\

unparalleled, incomparableThis antique chair is unique; youll never find anything anywhere as beautiful as this.luniquely(adv), uniqueness(n)

11.49united(adj) \junaItId\

unifiedThe workers at the factory were united and they all went on a strike asking for higher wages.lunit (n), unity(n)

11.50inquire(v) \InkwaI\

ask, examineHe inquired after Kates mother, who was in hospital.l inquiry(n)

11.51inspire(v) \InspaI\

encourage, stimulate, exciteThe peaceful landscape inspired the painter who created one of his most beautiful paintings.l inspiration(n), inspiring(adj)

UNIT 1

12 Fighting Fit

12.9 flat(adj) \flt\even, leveled, smoothHe mostly exercises his abdominals because he wants to get a flat stomach.

12.10drawback (n) \drObk\

disadvantageThere are advantages to working in the country but there are some drawbacks, too.

Opp.: advantage

12.11certificate(n) \stIfIkt\

official document, licenceNow that she has her Proficiency certificate in English, it will be easier to get a job.l certify(v)

12.12vary(v) \veri\

change, differAlthough the type of films they show at this cinema varies, its usually modern films by independent directors.lvariety (n), varied(adj)

Grammar clinic12.13heartattack(phr) \

hAt tk\

The man was sitting at his desk, working, when suddenly he fainted and fell on the floor; he had had a heart attack.

12.14clumsy(adj) \klmzi\

awkward, uncoordinatedThis waitress is very clumsy; this is the third time she has dropped the tray.l clumsily(adv), clumsiness(n)

12.15surgeon(n) \sdZn\

a doctor trained to operate on peopleThe surgeon came out of the operating room after 10 hours and told the patients relatives that the surgery had been very successful.l surgery(n)

Vocabulary builder12.16diagnosis(n) \daIg

nUsIs\

examination, opinionAccording to the first doctors diagnosis, his stomach pain was the result of a lot of stress.ldiagnose (v)

12.1 keepfit(phr) \kip fIt\

keep your body in good condition by working outShe goes to the gym every day; thats how she manages to keep fit.

Reading12.2 getinshape(phr) \get In

SeIp\

get fitOver the last few months she has put on some weight; she has to find a way to get back in shape.

12.3 membershipfees(phr) \membSIp

fiz\enrolment chargesThe membership fees at this tennis club are not high; you only pay 20 per month and you get to book a court as many times a week as you want.

12.4 fortune(n) \fOtSn\

riches, propertyThey spent a fortune to buy the house; it was really very expensive.

12.5 workout (phr v) \wk aUt\

exerciseWorking out even for just half an hour every day helps you keep in good shape.lworkout (n)

12.6 trainer(n) \treIn\

coachIf you havent ever exercised, it would be better to follow the advice of a trainer, at least in the beginning, so as not to hurt your muscles.l train (v