“LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM”

Submitted to the Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringAs a part fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYIn

Electronics and Communication Engineering Of

Biju Patnaik University of Technology

Submitted by

SANJIBA KUMAR SAHUReg.No: 0901204123

Roll: C/09/37

Under the supervision of

Er. Durga Prasad TripathiAsst. Prof. & HOD

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ROLAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURYA VIHAR, BERHAMPUR.

ROLAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYSURYA VIHAR, BERHAMPUR.ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATECertified that the project work titled “LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM” carried by Mr Sanjiba Ku mar Sahu, Reg. No. “0901204123”, is bonafide student of Roland Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the B.P.U.T. during the year 2011-12. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment has been incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the External

Signature of Principal

ABSTRACT

“LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM” is security system prototype which alarms and awakes people when an unauthorized intruder enters their room. This circuit is low cost and easy to install. Though laser diode is used to operate the system failing of which leads to alarm the buzzer symbolized that someone has accessed the room without the knowledge of user.

A simple and effective circuit prototype is developed to work efficiently in the purpose of security.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Gunamani Jena, Principal and Asst. Prof. Durga Prasad Tripathi, H.O.D of ECE Department of Roland Institute of Technology, Berhampur for providing us an opportunity to do our project work on “LASER BASED

INTRUDER ALARM”. We sincerely thank to our project guide Er. Rasmita Sahu, lecturer, Department of ECE for guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work we also wish to express our gratitude to the officials and other staff members of the department who rendered their help during the period of my project work. Last but not least we wish to express our sincere gratitude and love to our friends and beloved parents for their manual support, strength, and help and for everything.

SANJIBA KUMAR SAHU Reg.No: 0901204123

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

1. Introduction - - - - - - - 1

a) Project Proposal - - - - - -

b) Objectives and Scope of the Project - - - -

2. System Analysis - - - - - - - 2

3. Feasibility Study - - - - - - - 3

a) Operational - - - - - - -

b) Technical and other - - - - - -

4. Requirement Specification - - - - - - 4

5. System Design - - - - - - - 5

6. Hardware Platform - - - - - - - 10

7. Project Schedule - - - - - - - 10

8. Testing - - - - - - - - 11

9. Implementation overview - - - - - - 11

10. Future Scope and Expansion - - - - - 11

11. Conclusion - - - - - - - - 13

12. Reference - - - - - - - - 14

INTRODUCTION

Project Proposal:

Now a day’s security is a big concern of people for their safety and secured life

and property. And electronics models gives ample of facility to be secure. And this

“LASER BASED INTRUDER ALARM” is intended to provide security alarm to a

particular location. These two circuits should be installing in shorter distance and in

hidden mode thus the unauthorized intruder will not aware of these circuits.

Thus it’s a low cost and efficient circuit it costs about 500 rupees.

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

Objective:

The main objective is to install a security system based on laser light conveniently at

the entrance of home, bank and other similar locations to protect the same from

unauthorized access and when desired with low cost and simple circuit to avoid

unauthorized entry of people.

Scope of the project:

This system can be used to protect the perimeter of a building by using a cascade

arrangement of multiple alarms.

It can be used in bank or treasury to protect from thieves by audio alarming to the

security persons.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS:

Basically this is a low cost “laser based intruder alarm” system used to protect the

selected locations to strengthen the security system.

And is consisted of 2 electronic circuits.

Transmitter section

Receiver section

Transmitter Section:

In this circuit, a laser beam is developed by the circuit and focused to the

phototransistor of receiver circuit.

Receiver section:

In this circuit, the laser beam got received by the phototransistor and when the circuit

breaks by anonymous person who blocks the laser beam to be fall on receiver section,

and then the piezobuzzer sounds loudly. And when the laser beam again falls on the

phototransistor of receiver section the buzzer calms and becomes silent.

FEASIBILITY STUDY:

Operational:

The total operation is carried out by low power dc supply, though the feasible is to

use a 9v pp3 battery and the space between these two circuits should be minimum and in

the range within the laser beam can be easily focused to receiver section.

Technical Feasibility:

In both sections, the IC 7805 should used to provide constant 5v dc supply to the circuits.

An op-amp LM356 (low voltage high power audio amplifier) should be used to function

the buzzer in low DC power.

A timer IC 555 should be used to regulate the buzzer.

Other:

It will work only when the laser beam of transmitter circuit will fall exactly and

constantly on the phototransistor of receiver section. By falling that this model will not

work properly.

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:

Transmitter Section:

IC 1- 7805

Capacitors -10µ, 25v, 0.1 µ,

Resistors- 47Ω,

Laser diode

9v battery

Switch

Receiver Section:

ICs- 7805, LM356, 555

Capacitors- 0.1 µ, 0.01 µ, 10 µ,16v

Resistors- 1k, 10k, 22k, 47k, 1m

Transistors- L14F1, BC548

Diode- 1N4007

Piezo buzzer

Switch

SYSTEM DESIGN:

These circuits are designed in less area PCB and we designed it in such a way that

it consumes less energy and works efficiently. Also this is a low cost and easy to install

security model.

Power Supply:

A 9v pp3 battery is used and is activated by a switch. IC 7805 is used to provide

constant dc supply of 5v.

IC7805:

It’s used to regulate 5v as long as it’s input remains equal to or more than 7.5 v, thus

ensuring a constant drive current for the laser diode.

LASER DIODE:

The laser diode (LDl) can be replaced with a laser pointer (torch) emitting red laser beam. The laser pointer itself can be used as a transmitter.

IC LM356:

The receiver circuit (shown in Fig.2) is basically a current-to-voltage converter built around IC LM356 (lC3). The output of IC3 is fed to the mono-stable built around 555 timer (IC4). The high output of the mono-stable drives the piezobuzzer to sound an audio alarm.

IC 555: When the laser beam falling on photo transistor T1 is interrupted by someone, the

output of op-amp IC3 goes low and IC3 produces a pulse. This pulse triggers mono-stable IC4 and its output goes high to sound the alarm for a time period of about R8xC8. At pin 3 of IC4, should get a positive-going pulse of one-second duration beginning with high-to-low edge of the trigger pulse appearing at pin 2 of IC4 or collector of transistor T2.

PHOTO TRANSISTOR:

It’s used to receive the laser beam from the transmitter section.

Resistors

Resistors are the most commonly used component in electronics and their purpose

is to create specified values of current and voltage in a circuit. A number of different

resistors are shown in the fig. (The resistors are on millimeter paper, with 1cm spacing

to give some idea of the dimensions).

Fig: Some low-power resistors

The symbol for a resistor is shown in the following diagram (upper: American symbol,

lower: European symbol.)

Fig: Resistor symbols

TRANSISTOR BC548:

The BC548 is a general purpose epitaxial silicon NPN bipolar junction transistor found

commonly in European electronic equipment. The part number is assigned by Pro

Electron, which allows many manufacturers to offer electrically and physically

interchangeable parts under one identification. The BC548 is commonly available in

European Union countries. It is often the first type of bipolar transistor young hobbyist’s

encounter, and is often featured in circuit diagrams and designs published in hobby

electronics magazines.

If the plastic TO-92 package is held in front of one's face with the flat side facing toward

you and the leads downward, (see picture) the order of the leads, from left to right is

collector, base, emitter. This device is designed for use as general purpose amplifiers and

switches requiring collector currents to 300 mA.

Specifications

Devices registered to this Pro Electron number must have minimum performance characteristics.

Breakdown voltage, with base open VCBO = 30 V

Rated collector current IC = 100 mA

Rated total power dissipation Ptotal = 500 mW

Transition frequency (gain-bandwidth product) ft = 300 MHz

ON/OFF SWITCHES:

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical

circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.The most

familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or

more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of

contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching

and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and

the switch is none conducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two

states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off")

or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type.

A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as

a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch.

Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for

example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a

machine tool is in a position to accept another work piece. Switches may be operated by

process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting

as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For example, a

thermostat is a temperature-operated switch used to control a heating process.

A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches

may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to

isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be

padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance,

or to prevent electric shock.

HARDWARE PLATFORM:

These circuits are modeled on two different PCBs, and are connected through connecting

wires.

Two PCBs are modeled in such a way that the space between them should be minimum.

PROJECT SCHEDULE:

Collection of information and concept of this project.

Collecting necessary instruments and circuit components to assemble them.

With the help of digital multimeter tested all components and assembled the whole

circuit.

Tested for the final output, an audio alarm was buzzed when the laser beam was

interrupted by someone.

Modeled on a board.

TESTING:

Initially tested all components by digital multimeter.

Final testing for the check of output by interrupting the laser beam.

Got low intensity laser beam and optimized it by proper connection.

IMPLEMENTATION OVERVIEW:

This can be implemented at the entrance of a hall or any other locations but not in

a open area to prevent the unauthorized entry of people to the prohibited room. i.e. bank,

home, office.

General people can use it though it’s low cost and easy to install.

The user will get an audio alarm when an unauthorized entry will be occurred in real

time.

FUTURE SCOPE AND EXPANSION:

Though this a security system, it’s in a demand of the society forever. And some

modification will be done to use it in a best way.

For eg. A GSM module will installed with this which will inform to the user by a sms

notification of unauthorized entry even if the user is out of station and unable to hear the

audio alarm.

If a night vision small security camera will used in this circuit, which will take snap of

unauthorized persons who wants to enter the room. Without the knowledge of intruder

it’ll take and store the snaps. And will take the snap only when the laser light got

interrupted by anyone.

Then it can conclude as a smart security system.

CONCLUSION:

Many people don’t uses the security electronics products at home or office even

they have the necessity. Due to the high cost security solutions.

This prototype will help them a lot and instant alarm will aware them in real time.

REFERRENCE

Efy magazine, an article written by RAJ K. GORKHALI

www.electronicsforyou.com

www.wekipediathe.com

www.electronicsprojects.com