Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

82
Lascaux Cave Art & Memory

Transcript of Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Page 1: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Lascaux Cave Art & Memory

Page 2: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 3: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Detour to Lascaux.PPT

Page 4: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 5: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Why did artist overlap these and other images, given enormous “canvas”?

Page 6: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Photographic Photographic MemoryMemory

Also known as Also known as eidetic memoryeidetic memory

5% of preschool 5% of preschool children show children show evidence of eidetic evidence of eidetic memorymemory

Images persistImages persist

Page 7: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Savant SyndromeSavant Syndrome (previously Idiot Savant)(previously Idiot Savant)

Often mentally retarded or deficit Often mentally retarded or deficit except for “splinter” skills:except for “splinter” skills:– Calendar calculationCalendar calculation– Music performanceMusic performance– Mathematical Mathematical (primes, multiplication)(primes, multiplication)

– Artistic creation Artistic creation – Spatial skillsSpatial skills– Map memorizationMap memorization

PHENOMENAL MEMORY BUT NARROWPHENOMENAL MEMORY BUT NARROW

Page 8: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Savant SyndromeSavant Syndrome(Autistic Savant)(Autistic Savant)

Autistic Savants Autistic Savants account for half of account for half of SavantsSavants– Aabout 10% of autistics Aabout 10% of autistics

exhibit savant skills exhibit savant skills Other developmental Other developmental

disorder & brain injury disorder & brain injury account for remainderaccount for remainder

Can normal people Can normal people exhibit savant skills?exhibit savant skills?

Kim Peek, Mega-Savant, Rainman

Video: Uncommon Genius

Page 9: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Causes of Savant SyndromeCauses of Savant Syndrome Social deprivation or isolation – e.g. Kim Social deprivation or isolation – e.g. Kim

PeekPeek Compensation (poor abstract ability so Compensation (poor abstract ability so

focus intently on surface level of world)focus intently on surface level of world) UndistractableUndistractable Concrete reasoningConcrete reasoning Pre-verbal coding scheme survivesPre-verbal coding scheme survives

Why am I autistic, and you aren't?" He expresses himself with the help of the alphabet board.

Page 10: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 11: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)(TMS)

Synder et al (2003). Savant-like skills exposed in normal people by suppressing the left fronto-temporal lobe. - Stylistic changes in drawing were facilitated by the magnetic pulses in 4 of 11 participants

Young et al (2004. Switching skills on by turning off part of the brain.5 of 17 showed improvements declarative memory, drawing, mathematics, and calendar calculating

Page 12: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Test for Eidetic MemoryTest for Eidetic Memory

Page 13: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 14: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 15: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 16: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Infant AmnesiaInfant Amnesia

Little to no recall first few years of Little to no recall first few years of lifelife

Girls generally show earlier recall Girls generally show earlier recall than boysthan boys

Why?Why?– Change in coding system, how we Change in coding system, how we

represent informationrepresent information

Page 17: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Test of Sensory Register

A B C D

E F G H

I J K LDemo – Arrow will appear to left of one of the rows

Page 18: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Probe

Page 19: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Answer

A B C D

Page 20: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Ok ready

Next slide will be shown for only a few

milliseconds

Page 21: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

A H G J

K T Y U

P M R W

Page 22: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 23: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

• Sensory register – what survives transfers to STM

Page 24: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 25: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Memory System

Extent Duration

Sensory Register

“10 Megs” milliseconds

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Page 26: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 27: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

STM Memory Span

• CLASS EXERCISE

Page 28: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

STM Memory Span

• 6194• 37852• 965283• 4269851• 81637249• 625734981

• 93 82 47 15

Page 29: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

STM Memory Span

• 6194• 37852• 965283• 4269851• 81637249• 625734981

• 93 82 47 15 - chunking (4 categories, not 8)

Page 30: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Memory System

Extent Duration

Sensory Register

10 Megs milliseconds

STM 7 +/- 2 < 30 seconds

LTM

Page 31: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Primacy & Recency Effects

• Class Exercise

Page 32: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Primacy & Recency Effects

• Candle• Maple• Subway• Tiger• Ceiling• Ocean• Paper• Thunder• Sofa• Dollar• Wagon• Doorbell

Page 33: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 34: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 35: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Retrieval TypesRetrieval Types

• Free recall _______

• Cued recall M _ _ _ _ or ____ LEAF

• Recognition CHAIR TABLE SOFA

• Implicit Asked to name a piece of furniture after having seen one in unrelated task or test, or

• complete the following SOF_

Page 36: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Mnemonics

• Categorical clustering – organize list into set of categories

• Interactive images – visual items of list interacting together

• Pegword – associate items to predetermined list (good for serial recall)

• Method of loci – place items in a visualized walk through well known area (serial)

• Acronym – form word from first letters• Acoustic – form sentence (Every good boy d…)

Page 37: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

• TAXONOMY •

• KEEP___________ KINGDOM

POND___________ PHYLUM

CLEAN___________CLASS

OR___________ ORDER

FISH___________ FAMILY

GET ___________GENUS

SICK___________SPECIES •

• THE 5 KINGDOMS •

• MY___________ MONERA

PUPPY___________PROTISTA

FEELS___________FUNGI

PRETTY___________PLANT

AWESOME___________ANIMAL

Page 38: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Memory System

Extent Duration

Sensory Register

10 Megs milliseconds

STM 7 +/- 2 < 30 seconds

LTM Infinite lifetime

Page 39: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Long Term Memory

• Permanent storage

• Information represented more conceptually than perceptually

Page 40: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 41: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 42: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 43: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

• Memory as

active process

Page 44: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

• Retrograde amnesia – loss of memory prior to

trauma– Last in, First out (LIFO)

Page 45: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

• Anterograde amnesia– loss of ability to form

new memories after trauma

Page 46: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Example Trauma to LTMExample Trauma to LTM

• ECT = Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Page 47: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Patient H.M. Patient H.M. (Hippocampus)(Hippocampus)

• Bilateral temporal lobe resection for treatment of epilepsy.– Included removal of hippocampus and amygdala from both sides.

Page 48: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Consequences of Psychosurgery for H.M.Consequences of Psychosurgery for H.M.

• Positive

- Seizures better controlled

- IQ unaffected; still a bright guy

- Good LTM for events before surgery

- Good command of language including vocabulary

- Remembered his name and job he held

• Negative • Suffered anterograde amnesia -

unable to transfer new STM into LTM– unable to remember new people,

places or objects for more than a minute

– unable to recognize people he met during surgery including his neurosurgeons

– took a year to learn his way around a new house

Suffered retrograde amnesia for info acquired a few years before surgery (How to test someone’s recall of the past?)

Page 49: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Retrograde Amnesia Test: Retrograde Amnesia Test: Famous Faces of the PastFamous Faces of the Past

Page 50: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Patient HM Patient HM • Revealed declarative/ nondeclarative distinction

– Declarative memories (explicit memories) involve conscious recollection of events and information.

– What facts mean.• H.M. lost this ability.

– Nondeclarative memories (implicit memories) involve ability to acquire and perform new behaviors or associations. Recalled unconsciously.

– How to perform a task.• H.M. retained this ability.

– could perform mirror-tracing after training but could not remember doing the task before

Page 51: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Memory by ContentMemory by Content

Page 52: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Rehearsal – acoustic or visualRehearsal – acoustic or visual

Distributed > Mass Encodings on Retrieval

Page 53: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Depth of Encoding is related to Depth of Encoding is related to ease of recallease of recall

Page 54: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Flashbulb MemoriesFlashbulb Memories

• Unique events, often life-threatening like Challenger or Columbia explosion, JFK assassination, WTC attack

Page 55: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Encoding SpecificityEncoding Specificity

• Context is encoded during acquisition• Context (internal and external environment) acts as

nonconscious cues during retrieval

– Information learned in a classroom is better recalled in the same classroom than another classroom or setting

– Information learned in one mental state (alert, intoxicated, etc) is better recalled in similar mental state

Page 56: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Interference Exercise

Forgetting Due to decay of memory trace Due to interference in retrieving trace

Page 57: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Animals Cheetah Falcon Sparrow Caribou Crab Catfish Coyote

Page 58: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Animals Bison Raccoon Duck Mole Turtle Ferret Trout

Page 59: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Goose Leopard Shrew Hawk Deer Fox Hammerhead

Page 60: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Canary Weasel Buffalo Cougar Turkey Lizard Goldfish

Page 61: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Hedgehog Eagle Elk Lobster Panther Moose Groundhog

Page 62: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Hummingbird Crocodile Cow Jackal Chicken Squid Eel

Page 63: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Mink Owl Lion Salmon Wolverine Quail Ox

Page 64: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Alligator Condor Wolf Antelope Pheasant Tiger Sea horse

Page 65: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Hyena Vulture Tuna Mongoose Muskrat Yak Gazelle

Page 66: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Iguana Ostrich Llama Otter Woodchuck Zebra Raven

Page 67: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain – CATEGORY SHIFT Hill Strait Ravine Isle Territory Bay Woodland

Page 68: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Waterfall Cavern River Lawn Forest Valley Channel

Page 69: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Stream Mountain Pool Cave Island Rapids Hollow

Page 70: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Steppe Cascades Woods Park Gulch Basin Keys

Page 71: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Peak Passage Grotto Creek Knoll Whirlpool Plateau

Page 72: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Drift Canal Grounds Ocean Gorge Tunnel Path

Page 73: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Canyon Orchard Sandbar Bluff Glen Brook Garden

Page 74: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Cove Heights Gully Ditch Plain Pond Mound

Page 75: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Penisula Cliff Depression Summit Terrain Lagoon Fjord

Page 76: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Terrain Ridge Gap Gutter Isthmus Plantation Flood Waterway

Page 77: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.
Page 78: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

INTERFERENCEINTERFERENCE

LEARN LEARN TEST

RETROACTIVE

(eg., early tel.no.)

OLD NEW OLD

PROACTIVE

(eg., parked car)

OLD NEW NEW

Page 79: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Korsakoff’s SyndromeKorsakoff’s Syndrome

• Fails to Release from Proactive Interference• Anterograde AND retrograde amnesia• Confabulation (tells lies to fill gaps in knowledge)• Poor conversational content, apathetic• Lack of insight *

• However: Normal IQ, alert, attentive

DUE to thiamine (B1) deficiency from prolonged alcohol intake

Page 80: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Korsakoff’s SyndromeKorsakoff’s Syndrome

Page 81: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

REM Sleep’s “role” in Memory consolidationREM Sleep’s “role” in Memory consolidation

Page 82: Lascaux Cave Art & Memory. Detour to Lascaux.PPT.

Animal Research in MemoryAnimal Research in Memory