Large Combustion Plants Under the IPPC Directive

7/29/2019 Large Combustion Plants Under the IPPC Directive

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Requirements concerning

Large Combustion Plantsunder the IPPC Directive

Christian Wimmer


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Table of content

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive

LCP BREF

LCP chapter of Industrial Emissions Directive


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European Council Directive 2008/01/ECof 15 January 2008concerning integrated pollution prevention andcontrol (IPPC)

y Codified version of 96/61/EC

y a framework directive aiming at a high level of

protection for the environment as a whole - all

environmental media

y operating permits for industry with conditions to be

based on best available techniques (BAT)

yprovides for an exchange of information on BAT -Article 16(2)


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Annex 1 to IPPC Directive

Energy industries

Production and processing of metals

Mineral industries

Chemical industry Waste management

Others activities


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Energy industries

Combustion installations with a rated thermal input

exceeding 50 MW

Mineral oil and gas refineries

Coke ovens

Coal gasification and liquefaction plants


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Interaction of IPPC and Large Combustion PlantsDirectives

LCP Directive: sets minimum requirements, MS may choose

to go further

LCP + IPPC: any stricter requirements under IPPC overrule

minimum WI requirements


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Comparison of ELVs/BAT-AELs

for a coal fired existing plant of > 500MW(mg/m3 daily averages)

Directive 2001/80/EC(ELV) Directive 2008/1/EC BREF(BAT-AEL)

Dust 50 5-20

SO2 400 20-200

NOx 500 / 200 (as of 2016) 50-200


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IPPC Implementation

First step in IPPC implementation is

transposition to national law.

Next step is for operator to make application

for permit.

Finally, authority determines appropriatepermit conditions.

2007 deadline.


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Role of competent authorities(national, regional or local)

Receive permit applications

Ensure integrated approach and consult between

authorities

Consult the public

Refuse permit or set permit conditions

Monitor compliance (self-monitoring by operators andinspections by authorities)

Take enforcement actions if necessary

Review, update permit conditions


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IPPC is about Integrated Permits

waste prevention

and recovery

energy &

water use

preventionand control

of accidents

Noise Vibration Heat

emissionsto water

emissions

to land

Odour

emissions

to air


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IPPC is about Prevention of Pollution andimplementation of Best Available Techniques

most effective

in achieving a

high generallevel of

protection of

the

environmentas a whole

Best

developed on a scale

to be implemented in

the relevant industrialsector, under

economically and

technically viable

conditions, advantagesbalanced against costs

the technology

used and the

way theinstallation is

designed, built,

maintained,

operated anddecommissioned

TechniquesAvailable


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From Article 9(4)

permit conditions must, without prejudice to compliance withenvironmental quality standards, be based on the best availabletechniques, without prescribing the use of any technique orspecific technology, but

taking into account the technical characteristics of theinstallation concerned;

its geographical location; and

the local environmental conditions.


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Annex IV

1. the use of low-waste technology;

2. the use of less hazardous substances;

3. recovery and recycling .. ;

4. comparable processes .. ;

5. technological advances & knowledge;

6. the nature, effects and volume of the emissions

concerned;


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Annex IV continued

7. commissioning dates for installations;

8. time to introduce BAT;

9. consumption of raw materials and energy efficiency;

10. prevent or reduce overall impact of emissions on

environment and risks to it;

11. prevent accidents and minimise consequences for theenvironment;

The information published by the Commission pursuant to

Article 17 (2)


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Article 17(2) - Exchange of information

The Commission shall organise an exchange of informationbetween Member States and the industries concerned on

best available techniques, associated monitoring, and

developments in them. Every three years the Commission

shall publish the results of the exchanges of information.


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32 BAT Reference Documents (BREFs) adopted by the

Commission based on an information exchangeEuropeanEuropean

CommissionCommission

IPPC BureauIPPC Bureau

NGONGO

expertsexperts

Member StateMember State

expertsexperts

IndustryIndustry

expertsexperts


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LCP BREF

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/

Adopted July 2006

Revision 2012 - 2014
http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/


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Structure of the LCP BREF

Executive Summary

Preface

Common Techniques for Energy Generation

Common Processes and Techniques to Reduce Emissions fromLCPs

Combustion Techniques for Coal and Lignite

Combustion Techniques for Biomass and Peat

Combustion Techniques for Liquid Fuels

Combustion Techniques for Gaseous Fuels

Co-Combustion of Waste and Recovered Fuels

Concluding Remarks


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Scope of LCP BREF

Combustion installations > 50 MW

Power generation industry

Industries that use commercially available fuels

Other BREFs cover sector specific combustion

Waste incineration not covered

upstream and downstream activities


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Pollutants considered in LCP BREF

SO2

NOx

CO

PM10

GHG such as N2O, CO2

Heavy metals

Halides

Dioxins


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BATunloading, storage and handling of fuel

Particulate matter

E.g. enclosed conveyors

Water contamination

E.g. pipelines above ground

Fire prevention

E.g. automatic systems

Fugitive emissions

Efficient use of natural resources

Health and safety risks regarding ammonia


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Thermal efficiency


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Particulate matter


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Heavy metals

As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn:

BAT is high performance dedusting devices (ESP, FF)

Hg, Se:

Flue-gas desulfurisation, SCR


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SO2 emissions (1)

BAT is

to use low sulfur fuel

desulphurisation

> 100 MW

In addition, abatement measures

< 100 MW

Due to high costs, wet scrubber is not BAT


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SO2 emissions (2)


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NOx emissions (1)

Primary measures for pulverized lignite:

Advanced low NOx burners

Flue gas recirculation Staged combustion

Causes incomplete combustion (higher levels of fly ash, CO)


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NOx emissions (2)


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The current situation

European Industry is subject to a range of industrial

emissions legislation....

IPPC DirectiveDirective on the limitation

of emissions of VOC from

solventsWaste Incineration

Directive

Large Combustion

Plants (LCP) Directive

Directives related to thetitanium dioxide industry

European Pollutant

Emission Register

(EPER)

European Pollutant

Release and Transfer

Register (E-PRTR)

This makes enforcement at Community level very difficult and

leads to unnecessary administrative burden


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Recast of directives on IE

Through the Commissions proposal for a Directive on industrialemissions the following legislation is recast into one single act

Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution

prevention and control (IPPC)

Directive 1999/13/EC on VOC solvent emissions (SE)

Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration (WI)

Directive 2001/80/EC on large combustion plants (LCP)

Directives 78/179/EEC, 82/883/EEC and 92/112/EEC

related to the titanium dioxide industry


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Structure of Recast Proposal

Chapter I: Common provisions

Chapter II: Special provisions for activities listed in Annex I [IPPC]

Chapter III: Special provisions for combustion plants Chapter IV: Special provisions for waste (co-)incineration plants

Chapter V: Special provisions for installations and activities using

organic solvents Chapter VI: Special provisions for installations producing TiO2

Chapter VII: Committee, transitional and final provisions

Annexes I - VIII


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1. Problem identification

LCPs: main source of industrial emissions

74% (SO2), 49% (NOx) of 2005 NECD industrial emissions

60% (SO2), 19% (NOx) of 2005 NECD total emissions

BAT implementation is lagging behind

large gap between current emissions and BAT levels (LCP BREF)

LCP Dir minimum ELVs are generally much higher than

BAT levels from LCP BREF

Significant emission reductions are needed to achieve theTSAP objectives: LCPs play a key role

Current emissions vs BAT levels


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Current emissions vs BAT levels

EEA (2008) based on EPER 2004 data

Current emissions vs BAT levels: summary


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Current emissions vs BAT levels: summary

EPER 2004 data from 450 power plants (EEA study)

Uptake ofBAT still very incomplete

Very significant emission reduction potential if all plants wouldoperate within BAT levels (upper lower end):

y SO2: 80 - 97%

y NOx: 59 - 87%

LCPD emission inventories 2006

about 70% of LCPs have emissions above BAT levels

Note: analysis excludes opted out + Accession Treaty derogations

I 1 I ffi i i l i f B A il bl


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Issue 1: Insufficient implementation of Best AvailableTechniques (BAT)

BREFs contain emission

levels associated with the

use of BAT (BAT-AELs)

Permits must contain

emission limit values (ELVs)

set by the competent

authority that do not exceed

BAT-AELs (Article 16(2))

Derogation from these limits is

allowed in specific cases as long asit isjustified (Article 16(3))


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LCP chapter of Industrial Emissions Directive

Tightening of minimum ELVS from 2016 on

Aligned with current BAT (upper end of the range)

Significant contribution to the objectives of the TSAP

Net benefits of 7-28 billion per year

Introduction ofnew activities to the scope of IPPC

(based on assessment of cost and benefits)

Combustion activities of 20-50 MW capacity

I di ti ti li f th l l l


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Indicative timeline for the legal proposal

12/2007 01/2016

07/201201/2009

12/2010 01/2014

07/2015

Depending on the co-decision procedure the Commission expects the following to take place

The Commission adopts its proposal for a Directive on industrial emissions as well as issuing

its Communication Towards an improved policy on industrial emissions

First reading in the European Parliament and political agreement in Council

Completion of the co-decision process and publication of the Directive within the Official Journal

MS fully transpose the new Directive (18 months after entry into force).

The Directive applies to all new installations from this date onwards

All existing installations previously subject to IPPC, WID, SED and TiO2 Directives must meet the

requirements of the new Directive.

Large Combustion Plants do not yet need to meet the new ELVs prescribed within the Directive.Existing installations performing the newly prescribed activities (e.g. combustion plants 20-50

MW, wood based panel production, wood preservation) must meet the requirements of the new

Directive.Large Combustion Plants must meet the requirements set out in Chapter 2 of the new Directive,

as well as the Emission Limit Values set out in Annex V

Large Combustion Plants Under the IPPC Directive

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