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LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH CEPOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz) TERHADAP
KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDA (MDA) TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus
strain Wistar) YANG DIINDUKSI
ISONIAZID DAN RIFAMPISIN
Oleh:
JUNDI ABYAN
201410330311088
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2018
HASIL PENELITIAN
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH CEPOKAK (Solanum torvum Swartz) TERHADAP
KADAR MDA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) YANG
DIINDUKSI
ISONIAZID DAN RIFAMPISIN
Diajukan kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan
dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana
Fakultas Kedokteran
Oleh:
JUNDI ABYAN
201410330311088
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2018
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh,
Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang senantiasa memberikan dan melimpahkan Rahmat serta
Ridha-Nya, sehingga penulisan tugas akhir dengan judul “Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Cepokak
(Solanum torvum Swartz) Terhadap Kadar malondialdehida (MDA) Tikus Putih Jantan
(Rattus novergicus strain Wistar) yang diinduksi Isoniazid dan Rifampisin” dapat
terselesaikan. Begitu pula atas kehendakNya gerakan tangan serta pikiran dapat selaras dalam
penyelesaian karya tulis akhir ini.
Dalam penyelesaian tugas akhir ini penulis banyak mengalami kesulitan, tetapi berkat
dukungan, bimbingan, dan bantuan dari dosen pembimbing dalam rangka penyusunan dan
dorongan dari berbagai pihak akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penelitian ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, karenanya kritik
dan saran yang membangun sangat diharapkan peneliti demi kesempurnaan penyusunan. Semoga
tugas akhir ini bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh
Penulis
Malang, 6 Juni 2018
DAFTAR ISI halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................................................ iv
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ..................................................................................................................v
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................... vi
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ......................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................................................x
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... xvii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ........................................................................................................... xviii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................................................3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .......................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ......................................................................................................3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .........................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Manfaat Akademik................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ......................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Manfaat Masyarakat..............................................................................................4
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................5
2.1 Hepar ..............................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Anatomi Hepar ......................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Fisiologi Hepar......................................................................................................7
2.1.3 Histologi Hepar .....................................................................................................8
2.1.4 Metabolisme Obat di Hepar ..................................................................................9
2.1.5 Intoksikasi Hepar Akibat Obat (Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity) .........................11
2.2 Tuberkulosis (TB) .......................................................................................................11
2.3 Isoniazid (INH) dan Rifampisin (RIF) .........................................................................12
2.3.1 Isoniazid (INH) ....................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Rifampisin (RIF) .................................................................................................13
2.4 Mekanisme Hepatotoksisitas INH dan RIF .................................................................14
2.5 Cepokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) ............................................................................15
2.5.1 Epidemiologi .......................................................................................................15
2.5.2 Taksonomi...........................................................................................................15
2.5.3 Morfologi ............................................................................................................16
2.5.4 Kandungan ..........................................................................................................17
2.5.4.1 Asam Gallat ...............................................................................................17
2.5.4.2 Flavonoid ...................................................................................................17
2.5.4.3 Saponin ......................................................................................................18
2.5.4.4 Tanin ..........................................................................................................18
2.6 Radikal Bebas, Stress Oksidatif, Malondialdehida (MDA) .........................................19
2.6.1 Radikal Bebas dan Stress Oksidatif ....................................................................19
2.6.2 Malondialdehida (MDA) ....................................................................................20
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................24
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ..................................................................................24
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................................................26
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................................................27
4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................................................27
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ......................................................................................27
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ...................................................................................27
4.3.1 Populasi ...............................................................................................................27
4.3.2 Sampel.................................................................................................................27
4.3.3 Besar sampel .......................................................................................................27
4.3.4 Teknik pengambilan sampel ...............................................................................28
4.3.5 Karakteristik sampel penelitian ...........................................................................29
4.3.5.1 Kriteria inklusi ........................................................................................29
4.3.5.2 Kriteria drop out .....................................................................................29
4.3.6 Variabel penelitian ..............................................................................................29
4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas .........................................................................................29
4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung .................................................................................29
4.3.6.2 Variabel Perancu .....................................................................................30
4.3.7 Definisi operasional variabel ..............................................................................30
4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................................31
4.4.1 Alat ......................................................................................................................31
4.4.2 Bahan ..................................................................................................................33
4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................................................................34
4.5.1 Tahap aklimatisasi dan pengelompokan tikus ....................................................34
4.5.1.1 Tahap aklimatisasi ..................................................................................35
4.5.1.2 Tahap pengelompokan tikus ...................................................................36
4.5.2 Pembuatan ekstrak buah cepokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) 37 4.5.3 Penentuan
dosis ekstrak buah cepokak (Solanum torvum S) ) .......................................................37
4.5.4 Penentuan dosis isoniazid dan rifampisin ............................................................37
4.6 Pelaksanaan Perlakuan Penelitian ................................................................................38
4.7 Tahap Pembedahan dan Pengukuran MDA .................................................................39
4.8 Penanganan Hewan Coba Setelah Pembedahan .........................................................40
4.9 Alur Penelitian .............................................................................................................41
4.10 Analisis Data ..............................................................................................................42
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ..............................................................44
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................................44
5.2 Analisis Data ................................................................................................................45
5.2.1 Uji Normalitas ......................................................................................................46
5.2.2 Uji Homogenitas ...................................................................................................47
5.2.3 Uji one way anova ................................................................................................47
5.2.4 Uji post hoc bonferroni ........................................................................................47
5.2.5 Uji Regresi Linear ................................................................................................48
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................................50
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .........................................................................................54
7.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................54
7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................................55
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................................................60
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 : Surat Hasil dan Analisis Data...……………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 2 : Dokumentasi Penelitian ……………………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 3 : Surat Keterangan Laik Etik………………………………………………………..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 4 : Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian……………………………………………… Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 5 : Surat Keterangan Lolos Kajian Ilmiah…………………………………………….Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 6 : Surat Determinasi Ekstrak Tanaman Cepokak…………………………………….Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran 7 : Surat Konsultasi Bimbing……………...………………………………………. 72
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