Names of Group

• Aditya nugraha putra 201012500579• Sigit komseno 201012500577

• Muhammad saepudin 201012500576• Anna febrianti 201012500762• Intan sari 201012500767• Masyita rani 201012500988

Chapter 7: Testing Writing

What is meant by “writing”although the writing process has been

analyzed in many different ways, most teachers would probably agree in recognizing at least the following five general components:1. Content2. Form3. Grammar4. Style5. Mechanics

Comparison of composition and objective of writing

Those who have championed the essay or composition have generally included the following points in their defense:1. Composition test require students to organize their

own answers, expressed in their words.2. Composition test motivate students to improve their

writing3. Composition test are much easier and quicker to

prepare than objective test, an important advantage to the busy classroom teacher

The critics of composition testing have usually answered along the following lines:• Composition tests are unreliable measures• In writing compositions students cover up

weakness by avoiding problems• Composition test require much more scoring

time than objective tests

The current “moderate position” in regard to testing writing ability, based on recent findings, may be summarized as follows:1. Well-constructed objective tests of the

language skills have been found to correlate quite highly with general writing ability, as determined by the rating of actual samples of free writing.

2. At the same time, it’s now clear that there are ways to administer and score composition tests so that they, too, may be used by themselves as reliable instrument.

Objective test of the elements of writing

Testing formal grammar and styleExamples of the kinds of formal grammatical:1. Subject-verb agreement2. Structural parallelism3. Case of pronouns4. Comparison of adjectives5. Formation of adverbs6. Formation of irregular verbs

Let us now consider a few specific item types:

1. Error recognition2. Sentence completion

Testing the ability to organize materials

it cannot be claimed that wholly successful objective techniques have yet been found for testing the student’s ability to organize his ideas into unified, coherent written presentations, and perhaps this goal will always lie beyond the tester’s reach.

Testing the mechanics of writing

punctuation and capitalization, the so-called mechanics of writing, may be tested objectively with simple adaptations of the completion and correction items described earlier.

Improving the effectiveness of composition test

PREPARATION OF THE TEST1. Arrange to take several samples, rather than

just one.2. Set writing tasks that are within the reach of

all.3. Make the writing tasks clear and spesific4. Allow no alternatives.

SCORING THE TEST1. Decide in advance on the precise basis for

scoring.2. If possible, treat the papers anonymously

during scoring.3. Before marking any papers, scan a sample of

papers to decide open standards.4. If the compositions are to be used to make

critical decisions about large numbers of student.

CONCLUSION