Language DevelopmentBy:

Adam and Andrew Gubler

Prelinguistic Stage

0-10 months Cooing, babbling, eye contact Hear to learn and see it. At 6 months babies can tell if you are speaking their native

tongue Babies can recognize speech sounds of all languages. Understand rhythm, syllables, sounds, and cadence of

spoken words

One Word Sentence

10-18 months By 10 months the child understands 5-10 Words Child understands 10 times more than it can speak. Fis Phenomenon Overextension Underextension Learn about 2 words per week

Two word Sentence

18-24 months Naming Explosion 50-100 words per month Cultural differences Start learning grammar by about 21 months.

Multiple Word Sentence

2-3 years old At 2 years old they know about 500 words Continue to learn grammar.

More complex grammatical structure

3-5 years old At three they can correctly order sentences, use plurals,

tenses, and articles Grammar correlates with vocab Grammar also helps with the understanding of others.

Adult-like

6+ At six they know about 10000 words Fast mapping Learn 20 words per day More flexible and logical in use of grammar Use and understand metaphors Learn formal and informal codes

Hypotheses for Language Development

Infants need to be taught Infants teach themselves Social impulses foster infant language learning.

Infants need to be taught

B.F. Skinner Language is acquired step by step through association and

reinforcement Parents are expert teachers Frequent repetition If children are well taught they become well spoken. Extensive language exposure Australian experiment Need to be talked with

Infants teach themselves

Noam Chomsky Language learning is innate Language is too complicated to be taught step by step Universal grammar The mind can learn any language during childhood When the caregiver speaks with the child it helps nourish

language development, it doesn’t trigger it.

Social Impulses foster infant language learning

Try to communicate because of social aspects. Like the attention. The emotional message helps children learn not words Learn better in person than on video.

Bilingualism

Children under 6 keep languages distinct but in the same activation site in the brain.

Adults have different activation sites Pronunciation errors don’t effect children Children under 6 learn only by listening Children older than 6 learn by listening and can also be

assisted by instruction. Middle childhood is the best time to learn a second language. After puberty it becomes more difficult to learn a language. Languages are best learned when connected with the culture. In order to learn a second language you need to 1) practice

speaking the language. 2) Have an internal motivation and 3) have a reason why the language is needed.

Work Cited

Webspace.ship.edu Psychology/ss/early-childhood-development_4.html www.learninginfo.org Invitation to the Life Span by: Kathleen Stassen Berger http://blogs.babiesonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Baby-

Talk-How-To-Talk-Your-Baby.jpg http://mother-and-child.net/en/images/stories/learning%20how

%20to%20talk%20pic%202.jpg http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/nWOfkDUYZT4/mqdefault.jpg http://0.tqn.com/d/psychology/1/0/g/9/child-talking.jpg http://jorivas.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/ahi_pic_bilingualism.jpg http://www.babies-and-sign-language.com/images/will-teaching-

my-baby-sign-language-delay-his-speech-21293930.jpg