Landscaping & Outdoor Living (Sep-Oct, 2012)
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NURSERY TECHNIQUES Vol.3 | Issue 9 & 10 - 2012 Rs. 50 | September & October | Landscaping & Outdoor Living India’s Leading Magazine for Landscaping, Gardening, Golf, Nurseries, Arboriculture & Outdoor Living
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Ideas, Inspiration and Insights for Landscaping, Gardening, nurseries, Aboriculture, Golf and Outdoor Living
Transcript of Landscaping & Outdoor Living (Sep-Oct, 2012)
NURSERYTECHNIQUES
Vol.3 | Issue 9 & 10 - 2012 Rs. 50 | September & October |
Landscaping & Outdoor Living
India’s Leading Magazine for Landscaping, Gardening, Golf, Nurseries, Arboriculture & Outdoor Living
BRUSHCUTTERSLAWN MOWERS, ENGINES, GARDEN TOOLS
POWER WEEDERS, PRESSURE, VIBRATORS, SHREDDERS, SOD CUTTERSSPRAYERS, AERATORS, LOG SPLITTERS, TRENCHERS
STITCHWELL QUALITEX PRIVATE LIMITEDSHOWROOM:TEL,: FAX: E-MALL: Website:
3956, G FLOOR, BARAF KHANA , BEHIND G. B. ROAD AJMERI GATE, DELHI- 110006 0120 4222052, 09971714259 0120 2422654 [email protected] www.brushcutter.co.in
BRUSHCUTTERSLAWN MOWERS, ENGINES, GARDEN TOOLS
POWER WEEDERS, PRESSURE, VIBRATORS, SHREDDERS, SOD CUTTERSSPRAYERS, AERATORS, LOG SPLITTERS, TRENCHERS
STITCHWELL QUALITEX PRIVATE LIMITEDSHOWROOM:TEL,: FAX: E-MALL: Website:
3956, G FLOOR, BARAF KHANA , BEHIND G. B. ROAD AJMERI GATE, DELHI- 110006 0120 4222052, 09971714259 0120 2422654 [email protected] www.brushcutter.co.in
Editorial 06
News 08
Report 12
Cover story 20Rx for Turf by margie holly, the brickman group
Interview 26Sandeep Mehta, President of CREDAI's Tamil Nadu Chapter
Project 29Indian Slope Tricks
Bio-Mimicry 34Tree –Pods: Innovation of future
Gardening 38Take Care Of Your Garden: Monsoon Is Here Again
Urbanscaping 40Mumbai's Urban Oasis
Lightscaping 43Light Up the Night!
Urban Planning 48Parks, Plazas and Playgrounds
Personality 50DiDi Contractor, castles in mud
Know Your Plant 54Caladium Hortulanum
CONTENTS
Editorial 06
News 08
Report 12
Cover story 20Rx for Turf by margie holly, the brickman group
Interview 26Sandeep Mehta, President of CREDAI's Tamil Nadu Chapter
Project 29Indian Slope Tricks
Bio-Mimicry 34Tree –Pods: Innovation of future
Gardening 38Take Care Of Your Garden: Monsoon Is Here Again
Urbanscaping 40Mumbai's Urban Oasis
Lightscaping 43Light Up the Night!
Urban Planning 48Parks, Plazas and Playgrounds
Personality 50DiDi Contractor, castles in mud
Know Your Plant 54Caladium Hortulanum
CONTENTS
Editorial
Prem Tiwari
FounderDr.I.P.Tiwary
EditorPrem Tiwari
Managing DirectorKamala Tiwari
Hon. Advisor:Kamaljit Singh
Dr. Chandrashekhar Hariharan
Design & LayoutRohit Tiwari
Design ConsultantGracia Marcom
Legal CounselMukesh Sharma
Administrative & Marketing Office:REDMAX MEDIA PVT.LTD.
G-9, Kirtideep Building, DDA Commercial Complex, New Delhi 110046
Ph: + 91-11-64738616 to 18, 65267777. • Telefax: +91-11-45017805,
E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
Website: www.redmaxmedia.com
Subscription: Rs.550/- for 12 Issues & US $ 120 for Overseas
ingle Copy: Rs.50.00
Printed, Published, Edited & Owned By: Prem Tiwari
Printed at Jan Vikas Press, 1808, Kotla Mubarakpur, New Delhi- 110003
Published from WZ 530, Nangal Raya, New Delhi- 110046
Editorial Board
Disclaimer: While effort has been made to trace copyright holders and obtain
permission where and where required. It has not been possible in all cases. Any
clarification in this regard would be remedied in future issue. Views expressed in this
magazine are that of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of editor or
publisher. The Editor does utmost to verify information published, but does not accept
responsibility for its absolute accuracy. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the editor.
Nursery is an important enterprise which creates sizable employment opportunities for
the rural masses. There are various types of business areas under horticulture nursery which
provide employment. The areas under horticulture nursery may comprise production of
seeds, seedlings, grafts, potted plants, ball plants; providing plants for aesthetic purposes in
landscaping or event management program on rental basis; sale of plants to retail nurseries;
starting plant libraries; providing vegetable seedlings; ornamental plants and planting
material; medicinal and aromatic plants; tissue culture plants providing tissue culture plants
through hardening units; and landscape gardening and consultancy.
The nursery enterprise helps in providing plants and planting material and related
processes that indirectly help the national economy. The nursery enterprise also assists in
gaining a more balanced financial development as the business flourishes both in urban and
rural sector. It reduces the migration of labour from rural to urban areas in search of
employment. It helps in empowering people by providing increased community participation.
Most importantly the nursery enterprise contributes to national economy by providing
employment opportunities for the skilled and unskilled workers.
The nursery enterprise can be run successfully provided the raw material, labour, capital
requirement, planning of expenditure and income, and knowledge of market are carefully
taken into consideration. Nursery enterprise is based on assumptions of demand of plants
and availability of various production inputs like raw material and labour. The enterprise is
therefore dependent on considerable risk factors as stated above. Various other risk factors
like scarce or shortfall in rains, deviation in Government subsidy schemes, higher costs and
poor income and increasing illegal activities pertaining to sale of nursery plants affects the
profitability of a nursery enterprise.
It is of significance especially in perennial horticultural crops which has a long gestation
period and effects are known only in later stages. In the existing infrastructure, there are just
over 100 big nurseries. A number of Government nurseries also exist in different states.
Planting material is also being produced by the public and private nurseries which also play
important role to meet the requirement of the growers. At present the number of small and
medium scale nurseries is over 6300. Presently only 30- 40% demand of planting material is
being met by the existing infrastructure initiatives. The Working Group on Horticulture and
Plantation Crops for the Eleventh Five Year Plan has projected the total requirement of
planting materials of fruits, coconut, cashew, black paper, tree spices, areca-nut etc. as 2000
million by the year 2012 at a modest growth rate of 4% per annum. In the segment of fruit
crops alone, the projected demand for the planting material may increase more than 8.5
million grafts by the year 2011-12. Supply of such a huge quantity of disease free, true to
type quality planting material is a big challenge. None the less, the nursery entrepreneurs
must be vigilant about the region which demands the respective planting material. Most of
the nurseries have a huge demand and have been observed to be running with operating
profits successfully. It is estimated that less than 10 per cent of nursery established face
losses during the initial three years period. This results because of poor management skills
in nursery enterprise and lack of marketing efforts. It would therefore be wise to carry out
market survey to anticipate demand of various plants in the coming season before
production of plants in a nursery enterprise begins.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 0706 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
Editorial
Prem Tiwari
FounderDr.I.P.Tiwary
EditorPrem Tiwari
Managing DirectorKamala Tiwari
Hon. Advisor:Kamaljit Singh
Dr. Chandrashekhar Hariharan
Design & LayoutRohit Tiwari
Design ConsultantGracia Marcom
Legal CounselMukesh Sharma
Administrative & Marketing Office:REDMAX MEDIA PVT.LTD.
G-9, Kirtideep Building, DDA Commercial Complex, New Delhi 110046
Ph: + 91-11-64738616 to 18, 65267777. • Telefax: +91-11-45017805,
E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
Website: www.redmaxmedia.com
Subscription: Rs.550/- for 12 Issues & US $ 120 for Overseas
ingle Copy: Rs.50.00
Printed, Published, Edited & Owned By: Prem Tiwari
Printed at Jan Vikas Press, 1808, Kotla Mubarakpur, New Delhi- 110003
Published from WZ 530, Nangal Raya, New Delhi- 110046
Editorial Board
Disclaimer: While effort has been made to trace copyright holders and obtain
permission where and where required. It has not been possible in all cases. Any
clarification in this regard would be remedied in future issue. Views expressed in this
magazine are that of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of editor or
publisher. The Editor does utmost to verify information published, but does not accept
responsibility for its absolute accuracy. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the editor.
Nursery is an important enterprise which creates sizable employment opportunities for
the rural masses. There are various types of business areas under horticulture nursery which
provide employment. The areas under horticulture nursery may comprise production of
seeds, seedlings, grafts, potted plants, ball plants; providing plants for aesthetic purposes in
landscaping or event management program on rental basis; sale of plants to retail nurseries;
starting plant libraries; providing vegetable seedlings; ornamental plants and planting
material; medicinal and aromatic plants; tissue culture plants providing tissue culture plants
through hardening units; and landscape gardening and consultancy.
The nursery enterprise helps in providing plants and planting material and related
processes that indirectly help the national economy. The nursery enterprise also assists in
gaining a more balanced financial development as the business flourishes both in urban and
rural sector. It reduces the migration of labour from rural to urban areas in search of
employment. It helps in empowering people by providing increased community participation.
Most importantly the nursery enterprise contributes to national economy by providing
employment opportunities for the skilled and unskilled workers.
The nursery enterprise can be run successfully provided the raw material, labour, capital
requirement, planning of expenditure and income, and knowledge of market are carefully
taken into consideration. Nursery enterprise is based on assumptions of demand of plants
and availability of various production inputs like raw material and labour. The enterprise is
therefore dependent on considerable risk factors as stated above. Various other risk factors
like scarce or shortfall in rains, deviation in Government subsidy schemes, higher costs and
poor income and increasing illegal activities pertaining to sale of nursery plants affects the
profitability of a nursery enterprise.
It is of significance especially in perennial horticultural crops which has a long gestation
period and effects are known only in later stages. In the existing infrastructure, there are just
over 100 big nurseries. A number of Government nurseries also exist in different states.
Planting material is also being produced by the public and private nurseries which also play
important role to meet the requirement of the growers. At present the number of small and
medium scale nurseries is over 6300. Presently only 30- 40% demand of planting material is
being met by the existing infrastructure initiatives. The Working Group on Horticulture and
Plantation Crops for the Eleventh Five Year Plan has projected the total requirement of
planting materials of fruits, coconut, cashew, black paper, tree spices, areca-nut etc. as 2000
million by the year 2012 at a modest growth rate of 4% per annum. In the segment of fruit
crops alone, the projected demand for the planting material may increase more than 8.5
million grafts by the year 2011-12. Supply of such a huge quantity of disease free, true to
type quality planting material is a big challenge. None the less, the nursery entrepreneurs
must be vigilant about the region which demands the respective planting material. Most of
the nurseries have a huge demand and have been observed to be running with operating
profits successfully. It is estimated that less than 10 per cent of nursery established face
losses during the initial three years period. This results because of poor management skills
in nursery enterprise and lack of marketing efforts. It would therefore be wise to carry out
market survey to anticipate demand of various plants in the coming season before
production of plants in a nursery enterprise begins.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 0706 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
News
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
floriculture, horticultureGovernment to focus more on
Sharad Pawar
Union agriculture minister Sharad Pawar has said that the union government will divert its
focus from foodgrain production to floriculture and horticulture as farmers in India have
produced more than enough foodgrains to ensure food security.
Pawar was speaking at a function organized by the Rose society in Pune on 8th of
September 2012. Pawar said, "Farmers in our country have worked hard and as a result all
government godowns are overflowing. In fact now the government has no space to store
foodgrains. This year India has exported 40 lakh tonne rice, 30 lakh tonne sugar and 25 lakh
tonne wheat to other countries. And still we have sufficient foodgrains in stock".
He added, "We have succeeded in resolving the food security problem and now the
government is diverting its focus from foodgrain production. Now India needs to concentrate
on floriculture and horticulture. The government will help farmers to establish a chain of cold
houses and encourage them to grow more flowers and fruits with international market in
mind".
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
"World over the market for flowers and fruits is expanding. In over 600 billion dollar flower market, India's share is
minimal. Efforts will be taken to increase this share" said Pawar. He said that India stood second in the list of largest fruit and
vegetable producing nations in the world.
The roses grown by the garden department of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) won awards in a recent 'rose show.'
The Rose Society of Pune had organised the rose show as part of its golden jubilee celebrations.
Jaywantrao Tilak, the grandson of Lokmanya Tilak founded The Rose Society in June 1962. The society has almost
1,000 members. The society organizes weekend rose shows twice a year in January and September. The society had
organised three day show this year. Hundreds of roses of 86 varieties and other flowers were on display at the show.
"PMC has a rose garden in the city. The roses grown in this garden were displayed in the exhibition, which took place in
the city between September 7 and 9,," stated a press release issued by PMC on Thursday.
The press release further stated that the exhibition also consisted of a competition in five different categories. PMC's
garden department contested in all the five categories.
"The roses displayed by the civic
body have won awards in all the five
categories. A special award for the
best rose titled 'prince of rose' was
also given to the rose from PMC's
garden. The roses also won two
trophies and cash prize too," added
the press release.
The rose exhibited by
businessman Rajendra Nirman, won
King of the show title, Monica
Varanashivar's rose won Queen of
the show, PMC's rose got the Prince
of the show and Jayashree
Jabade's rose won Princess of
the show. Mancher Irani bagged the
Vijayshree award and Kavita
Vaishampayan the Mahabank
Trophy.
An exhibition of gardening
equipment was also organised
during the show. The society also
plans to host a third rose show in on
December.
News
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
floriculture, horticultureGovernment to focus more on
Sharad Pawar
Union agriculture minister Sharad Pawar has said that the union government will divert its
focus from foodgrain production to floriculture and horticulture as farmers in India have
produced more than enough foodgrains to ensure food security.
Pawar was speaking at a function organized by the Rose society in Pune on 8th of
September 2012. Pawar said, "Farmers in our country have worked hard and as a result all
government godowns are overflowing. In fact now the government has no space to store
foodgrains. This year India has exported 40 lakh tonne rice, 30 lakh tonne sugar and 25 lakh
tonne wheat to other countries. And still we have sufficient foodgrains in stock".
He added, "We have succeeded in resolving the food security problem and now the
government is diverting its focus from foodgrain production. Now India needs to concentrate
on floriculture and horticulture. The government will help farmers to establish a chain of cold
houses and encourage them to grow more flowers and fruits with international market in
mind".
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
"World over the market for flowers and fruits is expanding. In over 600 billion dollar flower market, India's share is
minimal. Efforts will be taken to increase this share" said Pawar. He said that India stood second in the list of largest fruit and
vegetable producing nations in the world.
The roses grown by the garden department of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) won awards in a recent 'rose show.'
The Rose Society of Pune had organised the rose show as part of its golden jubilee celebrations.
Jaywantrao Tilak, the grandson of Lokmanya Tilak founded The Rose Society in June 1962. The society has almost
1,000 members. The society organizes weekend rose shows twice a year in January and September. The society had
organised three day show this year. Hundreds of roses of 86 varieties and other flowers were on display at the show.
"PMC has a rose garden in the city. The roses grown in this garden were displayed in the exhibition, which took place in
the city between September 7 and 9,," stated a press release issued by PMC on Thursday.
The press release further stated that the exhibition also consisted of a competition in five different categories. PMC's
garden department contested in all the five categories.
"The roses displayed by the civic
body have won awards in all the five
categories. A special award for the
best rose titled 'prince of rose' was
also given to the rose from PMC's
garden. The roses also won two
trophies and cash prize too," added
the press release.
The rose exhibited by
businessman Rajendra Nirman, won
King of the show title, Monica
Varanashivar's rose won Queen of
the show, PMC's rose got the Prince
of the show and Jayashree
Jabade's rose won Princess of
the show. Mancher Irani bagged the
Vijayshree award and Kavita
Vaishampayan the Mahabank
Trophy.
An exhibition of gardening
equipment was also organised
during the show. The society also
plans to host a third rose show in on
December.
Cover StoryThe site selected for raising a nursery should preferably be located near marketing centres for the convenience of
transportation of the products with minimum or no damage. The site should be convenient enough for transportation of
input materials also. It is important to have or develop a perennial source of water inside the nursery. If need arises, wind
breaks of tall plants like eucalyptus, aonla, seedling mango, etc. may be planted to provide necessary shade and protection.
TECHNIQUESNURSERY
Nursery is developed gradually. The mother plants planted for vegetative and seed
propagation and seed propagated plants such as seasonal flower seedlings are raised for
sale simultaneously.
Important factors considered for establishing a nursery are agro-climatic conditions, soil
types, soil pH, location, area, irrigation facilities, communication, market demand, availability
of germplasm or mother plants, skilled persons, etc.
Selection of site
There has been an increasing demand for horticultural crops more particularly fruit and
ornamental ones in both urban and rural areas of India. With this, the demand for good quality
planting materials has gone up and hence the nursery business has developed rapidly in the
recent years in our country. Nursery product is no longer restricted to orchards or large parks
and gardens. It has entered into high rise buildings, offices, factories, business houses,
hospitals, hotels, backyards, roadsides in cities, roof tops, etc. for decoration purpose. Heavy
demand is observed during festive seasons and seasons of fairs and melas. Ornamental nursery
business has, therefore, come up in a large scale in areas near city and towns.
• Establishment of nursery
• Management of nursery
• Cost of development of ornamental nursery
Establishment of nursery
The product choice will primarily depend on the market demand in nearby areas. For wider market coverage, the choice
may be dependent on market studies in the desired areas. Varieties of various ornamental plants like shade loving foliage
plants, flowering plants, creepers, plants suitable for parks, gardens and roadside plantations, offices, business houses,
hospitals, residential buildings, etc. may be propagated in the nursery. Planting materials such as seedlings of flowers,
bulbs, corms, etc. may also be produced.
Product choice
Plants may be raised from seeds or by vegetative propagation. Some important aspects of propagation are summarized
below along with examples of fruit crops:
Methods of propagation
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
Cover StoryThe site selected for raising a nursery should preferably be located near marketing centres for the convenience of
transportation of the products with minimum or no damage. The site should be convenient enough for transportation of
input materials also. It is important to have or develop a perennial source of water inside the nursery. If need arises, wind
breaks of tall plants like eucalyptus, aonla, seedling mango, etc. may be planted to provide necessary shade and protection.
TECHNIQUESNURSERY
Nursery is developed gradually. The mother plants planted for vegetative and seed
propagation and seed propagated plants such as seasonal flower seedlings are raised for
sale simultaneously.
Important factors considered for establishing a nursery are agro-climatic conditions, soil
types, soil pH, location, area, irrigation facilities, communication, market demand, availability
of germplasm or mother plants, skilled persons, etc.
Selection of site
There has been an increasing demand for horticultural crops more particularly fruit and
ornamental ones in both urban and rural areas of India. With this, the demand for good quality
planting materials has gone up and hence the nursery business has developed rapidly in the
recent years in our country. Nursery product is no longer restricted to orchards or large parks
and gardens. It has entered into high rise buildings, offices, factories, business houses,
hospitals, hotels, backyards, roadsides in cities, roof tops, etc. for decoration purpose. Heavy
demand is observed during festive seasons and seasons of fairs and melas. Ornamental nursery
business has, therefore, come up in a large scale in areas near city and towns.
• Establishment of nursery
• Management of nursery
• Cost of development of ornamental nursery
Establishment of nursery
The product choice will primarily depend on the market demand in nearby areas. For wider market coverage, the choice
may be dependent on market studies in the desired areas. Varieties of various ornamental plants like shade loving foliage
plants, flowering plants, creepers, plants suitable for parks, gardens and roadside plantations, offices, business houses,
hospitals, residential buildings, etc. may be propagated in the nursery. Planting materials such as seedlings of flowers,
bulbs, corms, etc. may also be produced.
Product choice
Plants may be raised from seeds or by vegetative propagation. Some important aspects of propagation are summarized
below along with examples of fruit crops:
Methods of propagation
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
Cover Story
Germination from seeds may not
be 100% even if the seeds are sown
in perfect conditions. The factors that
control the germination are age,
stage of maturity and viability of
seeds, water, free supply of oxygen
and the heat or temperature. Some
seeds do not germinate easily for
variety of reasons such as the
Raising from seeds
dormancy, rest period and presence
of hard seed coat. Seeds with hard
coats (e.g. palm, cannes, etc.)
require some kind of external
treatment for germination. Cracking
of the coats by mechanical means,
abrasion, soaking in water or acid
and stratification are some methods
commonly applied. Before sowing on
a large scale, it is worthwhile to test
the viability of the seeds. Eg.: Acid
lime, amla, mandarin orange,
annona, durian, litchi, mangosteen,
West Indian cherry, passion fruit,
bilimbi, carambola, karonda, loquat,
phalsa etc.
Vegetative Propagation
Safe methods of vegetative
propagation such as cutting,
layering, division, separation,
budding and grafting are adopted for
multiplication of ornamental plants.
a. Cutting: Plant parts that are
normally used for this purpose are
stems, roots, leaves and modified
stems such as tubers, corms and
rhizomes, runners and bulbs. This
method is very popular, particularly
because it is the cheapest and most
convenient one. However, in case of
annuals, biennials and some
perennials, methods such as
seedage, layering and grafting are
easier and more economical. Eg.:
Grapes, pomegranate, pear, West
Indian cherry, passion fruit, loquat,
phalsa, fig, kiwi, bread fruit etc.
b. Layering: The method of
inducing roots in a stem which is still
attached to the plant and then
detaching it after the root is formed
for transplanting is called a layering
or layerage. Mostly creepers and
trees are raised by this method.
Some herbaceous plants such as
carnation, chrysanthemun, etc. can
be raised by layering. Eg.: Guava,
pomegranate, lemon, West Indian
cherry, litchi, karonda, phalsa,
rambuton, bread fruit etc.
c. Division and Separation: The
plants which produce masses of
stems at ground level, each having
its own root system are lifted from
ground and divided into individuals.
This is called division. In separation,
the rooted or unrooted parts usually
detach themselves on maturity and
start or develop as a new individual
in next season. Plants like
chrysanthemum, tube rose, Russelia
juncea and most of the herbaceous
perennials are easily propagated by
division. Bulb hyacinth and crocus
are examples of plants that can be
propagated by separation.
Suckers, rhizomes, tubers,
runners, stolons, bulbs, corms,
bulbils, etc., are some other plant
parts which are used for vegetative
propagation. Eg.: Banana (suckers),
pineapple (suckers and slips), straw
berry (runners, slips) etc.
d. Grafting: Grafting, except
budding (which is also a form of
grafting) is not widely used in
ornamental horticulture except in a
few cases. The types of grafting
which are used in ornamental plants
are limited to inarching, side grafting,
splice grafting, saddle grafting, flat
grafting and cleft grafting. Inarching
is followed in the propagation of
roses in some parts of the country.
The method of side grafting is
followed in case of roses, camellias,
etc. Eg.: Amla, mango, sapota, jack,
durian, apple, pear, avocado, West
Indian cherry, annona, rambuton,
persimmon, apricot, loquat etc.
e. Budding: In ornamental
horticulture, mostly 'T'-budding or
'Shield' budding is employed for
propagation. Eg.: Amla, ber,
mandarin orange, sweet orange,
peach, plum, avocado, litchi, loquat,
apricot etc.
The propagation of orchid
through meristem culture was the
first commercially successful venture
in tissue culture. The principles of
tissue culture can be successfully
Tissue culture:
employed in respect of ornamental
plants with soft tissues. Quite a large
number of ornamental plants are
reported to respond to propagation
by tissue culture method. Few such
plants are gladiolus, carnation, lily,
rose, gerbera, anthurium, magnolia,
fern, cacti, etc. Propagation of
ornamental plants by this method is
gaining popularity. Eg.: Banana.
For this model, the following physical programme is considered
Physical programme
Development of mother plants (250 Nos. of plants of different varieties)
Sl. No. Items Year IIII Year Onwards
Year II
1
2
3
560 sqm - -
500
15000
15000
800 1,000
18000
18000
21000
21000
Raising pot plants (Nos.)
Seedbed nursery
Poly bag seedlings (Nos.)
Ball seedlings (Nos.)
A number of structures may be necessary for raising a nursery. To begin with, the following structures need to be
constructed:
Structures required:
• Workshed: The workshed of 6 m x 4.5 m with thatch roofs and locally available materials like bamboo, wood, etc. may
be constructed. Total amount of Rs.6750/- @ Rs.250 per sq.m. has been considered for this purpose.
• Polyhouse: The polyhouse of 9 m x 4 m dimension with 90 cm, brick wall, 3.6 m tall rhombus netting with expanded
metal and polythene roof supported by local materials like bamboo, wood and planks, may be constructed. The cost
estimated for such a house is approximately Rs.300.00 per sq.m. An additional lumpsum amount of Rs.2000.00 may be
considered for construction of wooden racks inside the poly house.
• Store-cum-office: A store-cum-office of 6.0 m x 4.5 m constructed with locally available materials may serve the purpose.
For this, a rate of Rs. 350/- per sq.m. has been considered adequate.
• Fencing: A goat proof fencing only will be effective for a nursery. For this model of 0.5 acre area, an amount of
Rs.16250.00 has been considered as the total cost for erecting a goat-proof fencing around the boundary.
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Cover Story
Germination from seeds may not
be 100% even if the seeds are sown
in perfect conditions. The factors that
control the germination are age,
stage of maturity and viability of
seeds, water, free supply of oxygen
and the heat or temperature. Some
seeds do not germinate easily for
variety of reasons such as the
Raising from seeds
dormancy, rest period and presence
of hard seed coat. Seeds with hard
coats (e.g. palm, cannes, etc.)
require some kind of external
treatment for germination. Cracking
of the coats by mechanical means,
abrasion, soaking in water or acid
and stratification are some methods
commonly applied. Before sowing on
a large scale, it is worthwhile to test
the viability of the seeds. Eg.: Acid
lime, amla, mandarin orange,
annona, durian, litchi, mangosteen,
West Indian cherry, passion fruit,
bilimbi, carambola, karonda, loquat,
phalsa etc.
Vegetative Propagation
Safe methods of vegetative
propagation such as cutting,
layering, division, separation,
budding and grafting are adopted for
multiplication of ornamental plants.
a. Cutting: Plant parts that are
normally used for this purpose are
stems, roots, leaves and modified
stems such as tubers, corms and
rhizomes, runners and bulbs. This
method is very popular, particularly
because it is the cheapest and most
convenient one. However, in case of
annuals, biennials and some
perennials, methods such as
seedage, layering and grafting are
easier and more economical. Eg.:
Grapes, pomegranate, pear, West
Indian cherry, passion fruit, loquat,
phalsa, fig, kiwi, bread fruit etc.
b. Layering: The method of
inducing roots in a stem which is still
attached to the plant and then
detaching it after the root is formed
for transplanting is called a layering
or layerage. Mostly creepers and
trees are raised by this method.
Some herbaceous plants such as
carnation, chrysanthemun, etc. can
be raised by layering. Eg.: Guava,
pomegranate, lemon, West Indian
cherry, litchi, karonda, phalsa,
rambuton, bread fruit etc.
c. Division and Separation: The
plants which produce masses of
stems at ground level, each having
its own root system are lifted from
ground and divided into individuals.
This is called division. In separation,
the rooted or unrooted parts usually
detach themselves on maturity and
start or develop as a new individual
in next season. Plants like
chrysanthemum, tube rose, Russelia
juncea and most of the herbaceous
perennials are easily propagated by
division. Bulb hyacinth and crocus
are examples of plants that can be
propagated by separation.
Suckers, rhizomes, tubers,
runners, stolons, bulbs, corms,
bulbils, etc., are some other plant
parts which are used for vegetative
propagation. Eg.: Banana (suckers),
pineapple (suckers and slips), straw
berry (runners, slips) etc.
d. Grafting: Grafting, except
budding (which is also a form of
grafting) is not widely used in
ornamental horticulture except in a
few cases. The types of grafting
which are used in ornamental plants
are limited to inarching, side grafting,
splice grafting, saddle grafting, flat
grafting and cleft grafting. Inarching
is followed in the propagation of
roses in some parts of the country.
The method of side grafting is
followed in case of roses, camellias,
etc. Eg.: Amla, mango, sapota, jack,
durian, apple, pear, avocado, West
Indian cherry, annona, rambuton,
persimmon, apricot, loquat etc.
e. Budding: In ornamental
horticulture, mostly 'T'-budding or
'Shield' budding is employed for
propagation. Eg.: Amla, ber,
mandarin orange, sweet orange,
peach, plum, avocado, litchi, loquat,
apricot etc.
The propagation of orchid
through meristem culture was the
first commercially successful venture
in tissue culture. The principles of
tissue culture can be successfully
Tissue culture:
employed in respect of ornamental
plants with soft tissues. Quite a large
number of ornamental plants are
reported to respond to propagation
by tissue culture method. Few such
plants are gladiolus, carnation, lily,
rose, gerbera, anthurium, magnolia,
fern, cacti, etc. Propagation of
ornamental plants by this method is
gaining popularity. Eg.: Banana.
For this model, the following physical programme is considered
Physical programme
Development of mother plants (250 Nos. of plants of different varieties)
Sl. No. Items Year IIII Year Onwards
Year II
1
2
3
560 sqm - -
500
15000
15000
800 1,000
18000
18000
21000
21000
Raising pot plants (Nos.)
Seedbed nursery
Poly bag seedlings (Nos.)
Ball seedlings (Nos.)
A number of structures may be necessary for raising a nursery. To begin with, the following structures need to be
constructed:
Structures required:
• Workshed: The workshed of 6 m x 4.5 m with thatch roofs and locally available materials like bamboo, wood, etc. may
be constructed. Total amount of Rs.6750/- @ Rs.250 per sq.m. has been considered for this purpose.
• Polyhouse: The polyhouse of 9 m x 4 m dimension with 90 cm, brick wall, 3.6 m tall rhombus netting with expanded
metal and polythene roof supported by local materials like bamboo, wood and planks, may be constructed. The cost
estimated for such a house is approximately Rs.300.00 per sq.m. An additional lumpsum amount of Rs.2000.00 may be
considered for construction of wooden racks inside the poly house.
• Store-cum-office: A store-cum-office of 6.0 m x 4.5 m constructed with locally available materials may serve the purpose.
For this, a rate of Rs. 350/- per sq.m. has been considered adequate.
• Fencing: A goat proof fencing only will be effective for a nursery. For this model of 0.5 acre area, an amount of
Rs.16250.00 has been considered as the total cost for erecting a goat-proof fencing around the boundary.
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Cover Story
Land preparation
The land development for nursery is very important. In nursery, the land may be divided into minimum four parts:
• area for mother plant,
• area for seed production,
• area for raising flower seedlings and
• area for storing of seedlings or vegetatively propagated perennial plants.
The land of a nursery is prepared by ploughing and cross ploughing. All kinds of waste materials are to be removed and the
land must be levelled properly.
Management of Nursery
Seedbed and nursery beds
Collection and planting of mother plants
Storage of dried, cleaned soil and compost manure
Production of flower seeds:
Storage of propagated plants in nursery beds:
Manuring
Watering
Drainage
Plant protection
For raising flower seedlings, some permanent or temporary structures for seed bed may be prepared. These beds will be
minimum 0.5 to 0.75 m high from ground level. The beds may be 0.75m to 1.00m in breadth and length may be as per the
availability of land. The nursery beds will be prepared for storing of perennial plants or the plants that should be kept for
sale.
The plantation of mother plants is an important work for developing a nursery. The mother plants must be true to the type
and true to the variety. The plants should be properly labelled. Collection of exotic type of mother plants is a continuous
process or job. The mother plants may be maintained properly for their vigorous growth; otherwise number of propagated
plants will get reduced.
For raising flower seedlings during rainy or early winter season, the soil and compost would be stored during hot or summer
months. In rainy season, collection of dried soil and manure is very difficult. Without these, the seedlings cannot be raised
during rainy season.
Production of flower seeds is highly specialized job. The seeds should be produced carefully. If the quality of seed is good,
the percentage of seed germination, seedlings vigour, vegetative and reproductive growth of the crops will be good. After
harvesting of quality seeds, germination percentage of seeds and seedling vigour should be checked before marketing of
seeds.
The propagated plants are planted in nursery beds for better growth or hardening the plants. In general, this type of nursery
bed is prepared under partial shade.
Manuring is to be done very carefully. Vigorous growth of plant is always attractive to the buyer. Again, heavy manuring is
not beneficial for storage of plants.
Like manuring, watering is also important. Watering will be done according to need of the plant. The nursery should have a
water source of its own. For this model, digging a well (12 m deep x 3 m dia) and installation of a 2.0 HP kerosene pumpset
with accessories are considered. Sprinkler system of irrigation is not advisable at the beginning.
For sufficient vegetative and reproductive growth of plants, good drainage system must be developed in between the beds
and around the nursery. Adequately gentle slope in the pot bed surface is also desirable. It is extremely important to ensure
that water logging does not occur in and around the pots and beds.
Keen observation on attack of different pests and diseases is required. If the mother plants are infected, the propagated
plants will be infected also. Necessary control measures should be taken immediately on observation.
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Harvesting
Packing and handling
Storage
Marketing
Export
Allocation of space
The seeds, bulbs, etc. need to be harvested in the proper stage. Only completely ripe seeds are ready for harvesting. Seed
capsules should be covered with muslin cloth or by the paper bag before ripening in cases of light seeds (like calendula,
balsam, etc.) which may blow off due to wind or those species the fruits of which may burst while ripening. This will prevent
loss of seeds.
Corms and bulbs are generally harvested when the leaves start yellowing or when they dry up. These are dug out carefully
without imparting any injury.
Before harvest, nursery stock should be mature. The tissues are hardened against water loss and shrinkage. It is a common
practice to defoliate shrubs and trees some days before they are to be dug out. This can be done by chemical defoliants, by
withholding water or by hand. Live plants intended for transport are sent with a ball of earth around their roots.
Seeds are cleaned and stored in close bottles or tins. Before packing, they are dried first in shade for 2-3 days and finally in
the sun for a couple of days. In husked seeds, the husks are removed before packing.
It is important to see while packing the plants that the container is neither over-packed nor loose enough allowing the
contents to move about. All space should be filled up by some packing materials like straw, dried grass, etc.
For long distance destinations, the ball of earth should be soaked in water and covered with a thick layer of wet moss. Only
plants having a well-developed root system should be selected for such destinations.
Bulbs, tubers and corms withstand rigours of handling. They are packed in bamboo-matted boxes in between layers of
straw. Rhizomes of water-lily and lotus are wrapped in moist sphagnum moss and polythene to keep them moist during
transit and then packed in baskets or cardboard cartons.
Seeds are stored in a cool, dry place or kept in desiccator. Living plants should be kept in shade. Bulbs, corms and tubers
are stored in single layer over dry sand, flat wooden trays or racks in a well-aerated store room with low temperature and
low humidity. Before storing, they may be treated with fungicides and insecticides such as 0.1% benlate or 0.1-0.2%, captan
5% , DDT , BHC, etc.
Marketing of plants and planting materials is the most crucial and important part of the nursery business. The production of
high quality true to the type and attractive planting materials is absolutely necessary. They must be free from pests and
diseases, vigorously growing and bright and colourful.
Export potentiality of nursery products is also very high. Seeds, bulbs, tubers, cactus, flowering plants, foliage plant,
unrooted cuttings and cut flowers are exported from India to many countries such as Australia, Netherlands, UAE, Japan,
UK, Singapore, Germany, New Zealand, etc.
For this model, a nursery covering a total area of 0.5 acre is considered. The space allocation for different purposes is as
under :
Cover Story
Land preparation
The land development for nursery is very important. In nursery, the land may be divided into minimum four parts:
• area for mother plant,
• area for seed production,
• area for raising flower seedlings and
• area for storing of seedlings or vegetatively propagated perennial plants.
The land of a nursery is prepared by ploughing and cross ploughing. All kinds of waste materials are to be removed and the
land must be levelled properly.
Management of Nursery
Seedbed and nursery beds
Collection and planting of mother plants
Storage of dried, cleaned soil and compost manure
Production of flower seeds:
Storage of propagated plants in nursery beds:
Manuring
Watering
Drainage
Plant protection
For raising flower seedlings, some permanent or temporary structures for seed bed may be prepared. These beds will be
minimum 0.5 to 0.75 m high from ground level. The beds may be 0.75m to 1.00m in breadth and length may be as per the
availability of land. The nursery beds will be prepared for storing of perennial plants or the plants that should be kept for
sale.
The plantation of mother plants is an important work for developing a nursery. The mother plants must be true to the type
and true to the variety. The plants should be properly labelled. Collection of exotic type of mother plants is a continuous
process or job. The mother plants may be maintained properly for their vigorous growth; otherwise number of propagated
plants will get reduced.
For raising flower seedlings during rainy or early winter season, the soil and compost would be stored during hot or summer
months. In rainy season, collection of dried soil and manure is very difficult. Without these, the seedlings cannot be raised
during rainy season.
Production of flower seeds is highly specialized job. The seeds should be produced carefully. If the quality of seed is good,
the percentage of seed germination, seedlings vigour, vegetative and reproductive growth of the crops will be good. After
harvesting of quality seeds, germination percentage of seeds and seedling vigour should be checked before marketing of
seeds.
The propagated plants are planted in nursery beds for better growth or hardening the plants. In general, this type of nursery
bed is prepared under partial shade.
Manuring is to be done very carefully. Vigorous growth of plant is always attractive to the buyer. Again, heavy manuring is
not beneficial for storage of plants.
Like manuring, watering is also important. Watering will be done according to need of the plant. The nursery should have a
water source of its own. For this model, digging a well (12 m deep x 3 m dia) and installation of a 2.0 HP kerosene pumpset
with accessories are considered. Sprinkler system of irrigation is not advisable at the beginning.
For sufficient vegetative and reproductive growth of plants, good drainage system must be developed in between the beds
and around the nursery. Adequately gentle slope in the pot bed surface is also desirable. It is extremely important to ensure
that water logging does not occur in and around the pots and beds.
Keen observation on attack of different pests and diseases is required. If the mother plants are infected, the propagated
plants will be infected also. Necessary control measures should be taken immediately on observation.
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Harvesting
Packing and handling
Storage
Marketing
Export
Allocation of space
The seeds, bulbs, etc. need to be harvested in the proper stage. Only completely ripe seeds are ready for harvesting. Seed
capsules should be covered with muslin cloth or by the paper bag before ripening in cases of light seeds (like calendula,
balsam, etc.) which may blow off due to wind or those species the fruits of which may burst while ripening. This will prevent
loss of seeds.
Corms and bulbs are generally harvested when the leaves start yellowing or when they dry up. These are dug out carefully
without imparting any injury.
Before harvest, nursery stock should be mature. The tissues are hardened against water loss and shrinkage. It is a common
practice to defoliate shrubs and trees some days before they are to be dug out. This can be done by chemical defoliants, by
withholding water or by hand. Live plants intended for transport are sent with a ball of earth around their roots.
Seeds are cleaned and stored in close bottles or tins. Before packing, they are dried first in shade for 2-3 days and finally in
the sun for a couple of days. In husked seeds, the husks are removed before packing.
It is important to see while packing the plants that the container is neither over-packed nor loose enough allowing the
contents to move about. All space should be filled up by some packing materials like straw, dried grass, etc.
For long distance destinations, the ball of earth should be soaked in water and covered with a thick layer of wet moss. Only
plants having a well-developed root system should be selected for such destinations.
Bulbs, tubers and corms withstand rigours of handling. They are packed in bamboo-matted boxes in between layers of
straw. Rhizomes of water-lily and lotus are wrapped in moist sphagnum moss and polythene to keep them moist during
transit and then packed in baskets or cardboard cartons.
Seeds are stored in a cool, dry place or kept in desiccator. Living plants should be kept in shade. Bulbs, corms and tubers
are stored in single layer over dry sand, flat wooden trays or racks in a well-aerated store room with low temperature and
low humidity. Before storing, they may be treated with fungicides and insecticides such as 0.1% benlate or 0.1-0.2%, captan
5% , DDT , BHC, etc.
Marketing of plants and planting materials is the most crucial and important part of the nursery business. The production of
high quality true to the type and attractive planting materials is absolutely necessary. They must be free from pests and
diseases, vigorously growing and bright and colourful.
Export potentiality of nursery products is also very high. Seeds, bulbs, tubers, cactus, flowering plants, foliage plant,
unrooted cuttings and cut flowers are exported from India to many countries such as Australia, Netherlands, UAE, Japan,
UK, Singapore, Germany, New Zealand, etc.
For this model, a nursery covering a total area of 0.5 acre is considered. The space allocation for different purposes is as
under :
Space allotment Sq. m.
Cover Story
Mother Plant
Pot Nursery
Polybag Nursery
Ball Nursery including beds
Workshed
Polyhouse
Store cum office
Total
15% additional for passage, drainage, etc.
Grand Total
Approximately
560
200
350
550
27
36
27
1750
260
2010
0.5 acre
SOME POPULAR ORNAMENTAL PLANT SPECIES
FOLIAGE
FLOWERING
BULBS
FERNS
PALMS AND CYCADS
CLIMBERS
CACTI AND SUCCULENTS
TREES
GRASSES
ANNUALS
Thuja, Crotons, Alocasia, Anthuriums, Coleus, Colocasia, Monstera, Philoderndron, Dracaena, Ficus pumila, Pleomele reflexe variegata, Ficus radicans variegata, Ficus pumila, Asparagus plumosus, A. springeri, Scindapsus aureus, Begonia 'Rex', Caladium in different colours, Aglaonema commutatum, Aralia elegantissima, Dieffenbachia exotica, Dieffenbachia picta, Philodendron bipinnatifidum, Polyalthia longifolia, etc.
Roses (Hybrid teas, floribundas, Polyanthus, Miniature roses, etc.) Aster, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gerbera, marigold, carnation, crossandra, Baleria, Begonia glaucophylla, Passiflora caerulea, African violet, Begonia manicata, Calceolaria, geranium, Azalea indica, etc.
Cooperanthes, Alpinia, Gladiolus, Dahlia, Caladium, Crocus, Hyacinths, Daffodils, Tulips, Amaryllis, Canna, Bird of Paradise, Datura, Vinca rosea, Lilium sp, etc.
Adiantums, Asplenium nidus, Nephrolepsis exaltata, Platyceriums, Pteris cretica, Bird's nest, etc.
Chamaerops humilis, Howea belmoreana, Phoenix roebelenii, Rhapis excelsa, Cycus revoluta (not palm but similar looking), Areca Palm, etc.
Bougainvillea, Hiptage benghalensis, Adenocalymma alliaceum, Aristolochia sp., Jasminum sp., etc
Aloe variegatta, Aeonium haworthii, Agave americana marginata, Colyledon undulata, Euphorbia splendens, Sedum sp., Epiphyllum sp., Rhipsalis, Zygocactus, Opuntia microdasys, O. tunicata, etc.
Bottle brush, Bauhnia sp., Erythrina indica, Ixora parviflora, Jacaranda, Michelia champaca, Poinciana regia, Cassia sp., Arancaria cookii, Brassaia actinophylla, Ampherstia nobilis, etc.
Agrostis elegans, A. nebulosa, A. pulchella, Apluda aristata, etc.
Antirrhinum, China aster, Ageratum, Arctotis, Carnation, Calendula, Pansy, Petunia, Phlox, Sweet pea, Cosmos, Zinnia, Coreopsis, Gaillardia,Dianthus, Chrysanthemum, Calendula, etc.
Cost of Development of Ornamental Nursery (0.5 acre) I. Establishment and maintenance of mother plants (Figs. in Rs.)No. of plants: 250 Area : 560 sq.m.
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Field preparation, pit digging & filling
Manures and fertilizers [including micronutients] & application
Planting materials @ Rs70/- each + 10% excess for infilling.
Planting
Watering
Interculture
Pruning, cleaning the plants
Plant protection
Total
1200
1800
19250
600
2700
2700
-
300
28550
-
1200
-
-
3000
3000
360
450
8010
-
1200
-
-
3600
3000
480
600
8880
II. Establishment of Pot Nursery (Figs. in Rs.)No. of plants: Yr. 1 - 500 | 2 - 800 | 3 - 1000 Area : 200 sq.m.
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Earthen pots @ Rs.10/- each [including transportation & 5% damage]
Soil @ Rs.300/- per truck load
Manures and fertilizers (including micronutrients, etc.) & application
Mixing fertilizers and manures with soil, filling pots
Planting materials @ 25/- each [from outside]
Planting in pots @ 50 plants/manday
Watering
Interculture including arrangement
Plant protection
Total
5250
600
1800
840
12500 (100%)
600
2160
4500
300
28550
8400
900
2800
1320
10000 (50%)
960
2400
6000
450
33230
10500
1200
3840
1680
2500 (10%)
1200
3900
7200
600
32620
Space allotment Sq. m.
Cover Story
Mother Plant
Pot Nursery
Polybag Nursery
Ball Nursery including beds
Workshed
Polyhouse
Store cum office
Total
15% additional for passage, drainage, etc.
Grand Total
Approximately
560
200
350
550
27
36
27
1750
260
2010
0.5 acre
SOME POPULAR ORNAMENTAL PLANT SPECIES
FOLIAGE
FLOWERING
BULBS
FERNS
PALMS AND CYCADS
CLIMBERS
CACTI AND SUCCULENTS
TREES
GRASSES
ANNUALS
Thuja, Crotons, Alocasia, Anthuriums, Coleus, Colocasia, Monstera, Philoderndron, Dracaena, Ficus pumila, Pleomele reflexe variegata, Ficus radicans variegata, Ficus pumila, Asparagus plumosus, A. springeri, Scindapsus aureus, Begonia 'Rex', Caladium in different colours, Aglaonema commutatum, Aralia elegantissima, Dieffenbachia exotica, Dieffenbachia picta, Philodendron bipinnatifidum, Polyalthia longifolia, etc.
Roses (Hybrid teas, floribundas, Polyanthus, Miniature roses, etc.) Aster, jasmine, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gerbera, marigold, carnation, crossandra, Baleria, Begonia glaucophylla, Passiflora caerulea, African violet, Begonia manicata, Calceolaria, geranium, Azalea indica, etc.
Cooperanthes, Alpinia, Gladiolus, Dahlia, Caladium, Crocus, Hyacinths, Daffodils, Tulips, Amaryllis, Canna, Bird of Paradise, Datura, Vinca rosea, Lilium sp, etc.
Adiantums, Asplenium nidus, Nephrolepsis exaltata, Platyceriums, Pteris cretica, Bird's nest, etc.
Chamaerops humilis, Howea belmoreana, Phoenix roebelenii, Rhapis excelsa, Cycus revoluta (not palm but similar looking), Areca Palm, etc.
Bougainvillea, Hiptage benghalensis, Adenocalymma alliaceum, Aristolochia sp., Jasminum sp., etc
Aloe variegatta, Aeonium haworthii, Agave americana marginata, Colyledon undulata, Euphorbia splendens, Sedum sp., Epiphyllum sp., Rhipsalis, Zygocactus, Opuntia microdasys, O. tunicata, etc.
Bottle brush, Bauhnia sp., Erythrina indica, Ixora parviflora, Jacaranda, Michelia champaca, Poinciana regia, Cassia sp., Arancaria cookii, Brassaia actinophylla, Ampherstia nobilis, etc.
Agrostis elegans, A. nebulosa, A. pulchella, Apluda aristata, etc.
Antirrhinum, China aster, Ageratum, Arctotis, Carnation, Calendula, Pansy, Petunia, Phlox, Sweet pea, Cosmos, Zinnia, Coreopsis, Gaillardia,Dianthus, Chrysanthemum, Calendula, etc.
Cost of Development of Ornamental Nursery (0.5 acre) I. Establishment and maintenance of mother plants (Figs. in Rs.)No. of plants: 250 Area : 560 sq.m.
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Field preparation, pit digging & filling
Manures and fertilizers [including micronutients] & application
Planting materials @ Rs70/- each + 10% excess for infilling.
Planting
Watering
Interculture
Pruning, cleaning the plants
Plant protection
Total
1200
1800
19250
600
2700
2700
-
300
28550
-
1200
-
-
3000
3000
360
450
8010
-
1200
-
-
3600
3000
480
600
8880
II. Establishment of Pot Nursery (Figs. in Rs.)No. of plants: Yr. 1 - 500 | 2 - 800 | 3 - 1000 Area : 200 sq.m.
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Earthen pots @ Rs.10/- each [including transportation & 5% damage]
Soil @ Rs.300/- per truck load
Manures and fertilizers (including micronutrients, etc.) & application
Mixing fertilizers and manures with soil, filling pots
Planting materials @ 25/- each [from outside]
Planting in pots @ 50 plants/manday
Watering
Interculture including arrangement
Plant protection
Total
5250
600
1800
840
12500 (100%)
600
2160
4500
300
28550
8400
900
2800
1320
10000 (50%)
960
2400
6000
450
33230
10500
1200
3840
1680
2500 (10%)
1200
3900
7200
600
32620
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
Polybag seedlings (Nos.)
Ball seedlings (Nos.)
1500
1500
1800
1800
2100
2100
III. Establishment of Seedbed nursery
Area : Polybag nursery - 350 sq.m.
Ball seedling nursery - 550 sq.m.
(Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Land & Beds preparation.
Manures and fertilizers & application
Seeds & sowing
Polybag [15cm x 10cm x 150G]
Sieving soil, mixing with manures & fertilizers, filling sleeves and
transplanting 50% of seedlings from beds.
Watering
Interculture
Plant protection
Total
1200
720
480
1450
1800
720
900
150
7420
1800
900
600
1750
2160
960
1080
250
9500
2400
1020
720
2000
2520
1200
1260
350
11470
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year II
IV. Equipments, Implements & Furniture (Figs. in Rs.)
Sprayers (2 nos.)
Spades, forks, knives, Khurpis, secateurs etc.
Water pipes, water canes, buckets, etc.
Furniture
Total
1
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
2000
1000
1000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
12000
IV. Equipments, Implements & Furniture (Figs. in Rs.)
Salary Year I Year II Year III
VI. Wages for skilled labourer for budding, grafting, etc. @ Rs.100/- per manday
Salary Year I Year II Year III
VII. Goat proof fencing: Summary of the cost estimate:
Rs.16250.00(Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year IIIOnwards
Work shed
Polyhouse
Store-cum-office
Mother plants
Pot nursery
Seedbed nursery
Equipments, Furniture, etc.
Pumpset & dugwell
Supervisor-cum-Salesman
Skilled labour (Hired)
Goat proof fencing
Total
Approximately
350
-
-
8010
33230
9500
-
1000
38400
2000
-
92490
92500
450
1300
950
8880
32620
11470
4000
1000
40800
2500
-
103970
104000
6750
12800
9450
28550
28550
7420
12000
27000
36000
-
16250
184770
184770
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Yield Estimates
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
Pot plants (Nos.) (Net sale 80%)
Bouquets (Nos.)
Seedlings (Nos.) (Net sale 80%)
a) Polybag seedlings
b) Ball seedlings
Seeds (kg)
400
100
14400
14400
10
640
120
16800
16800
10
Nil
Nil
12000
12000
-
1
2
3
4
Year IV onwards
800
150
16800
16800
10
Year-wise Income: (Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III Year IV onwards
-
-
72000
24000
-
96000
28000
5000
86400
28800
5000
153200
44800
6000
100800
33600
5000
190200
56000
7500
100800
33600
5000
202900
Pot Plants
Bouquets
Seedlings
a) Polybag
b) Ball
Seeds
Total
1
2
3
4
Sale prices estimated [Average]
Maintenance cost (average):
Pot Plants - Rs.70.00 each. • Bouquets - Rs.50.00 each. Seedlings - a] Polybag - Rs.6.00 each b] Ball - Rs. 2.00 eachSeeds - Rs.5.00/10 g packet
Rs.1,04,000/- p.a. from year IV onwards.
3,000Rs/month 3,200 3,400
-Rs/month 2000 2500
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
Polybag seedlings (Nos.)
Ball seedlings (Nos.)
1500
1500
1800
1800
2100
2100
III. Establishment of Seedbed nursery
Area : Polybag nursery - 350 sq.m.
Ball seedling nursery - 550 sq.m.
(Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Land & Beds preparation.
Manures and fertilizers & application
Seeds & sowing
Polybag [15cm x 10cm x 150G]
Sieving soil, mixing with manures & fertilizers, filling sleeves and
transplanting 50% of seedlings from beds.
Watering
Interculture
Plant protection
Total
1200
720
480
1450
1800
720
900
150
7420
1800
900
600
1750
2160
960
1080
250
9500
2400
1020
720
2000
2520
1200
1260
350
11470
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year II
IV. Equipments, Implements & Furniture (Figs. in Rs.)
Sprayers (2 nos.)
Spades, forks, knives, Khurpis, secateurs etc.
Water pipes, water canes, buckets, etc.
Furniture
Total
1
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
2000
1000
1000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
12000
IV. Equipments, Implements & Furniture (Figs. in Rs.)
Salary Year I Year II Year III
VI. Wages for skilled labourer for budding, grafting, etc. @ Rs.100/- per manday
Salary Year I Year II Year III
VII. Goat proof fencing: Summary of the cost estimate:
Rs.16250.00(Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year IIIOnwards
Work shed
Polyhouse
Store-cum-office
Mother plants
Pot nursery
Seedbed nursery
Equipments, Furniture, etc.
Pumpset & dugwell
Supervisor-cum-Salesman
Skilled labour (Hired)
Goat proof fencing
Total
Approximately
350
-
-
8010
33230
9500
-
1000
38400
2000
-
92490
92500
450
1300
950
8880
32620
11470
4000
1000
40800
2500
-
103970
104000
6750
12800
9450
28550
28550
7420
12000
27000
36000
-
16250
184770
184770
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Yield Estimates
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III
Pot plants (Nos.) (Net sale 80%)
Bouquets (Nos.)
Seedlings (Nos.) (Net sale 80%)
a) Polybag seedlings
b) Ball seedlings
Seeds (kg)
400
100
14400
14400
10
640
120
16800
16800
10
Nil
Nil
12000
12000
-
1
2
3
4
Year IV onwards
800
150
16800
16800
10
Year-wise Income: (Figs. in Rs.)
Sl. No. Items Year I Year II Year III Year IV onwards
-
-
72000
24000
-
96000
28000
5000
86400
28800
5000
153200
44800
6000
100800
33600
5000
190200
56000
7500
100800
33600
5000
202900
Pot Plants
Bouquets
Seedlings
a) Polybag
b) Ball
Seeds
Total
1
2
3
4
Sale prices estimated [Average]
Maintenance cost (average):
Pot Plants - Rs.70.00 each. • Bouquets - Rs.50.00 each. Seedlings - a] Polybag - Rs.6.00 each b] Ball - Rs. 2.00 eachSeeds - Rs.5.00/10 g packet
Rs.1,04,000/- p.a. from year IV onwards.
3,000Rs/month 3,200 3,400
-Rs/month 2000 2500
Interview
Leading without SupportSri Veera Hanuman Nursery
Kadiyam located in the Godavari
basin is richly fertile, abundantly
irrigated and naturally available place
for the development of
Nurseries.Moderate Temperatures
and high relative humidity are also
the additional factors for high plant
production.It is located 15 kms from
nearest Railway station and
Airport,Rajahmundry.Kadiyam
Nurseries are spread over a radius of
10 kms comprising villages
viz.Kadiyam, Kadiyapulanka,
Burrilanka,Veeravaram,Pottilanka,Ven
kayyammapeta and Damireddypalli.
Kadiyam is the place where nurseries
are as old as 100yrs, and till date it
has approx.600-800
nurseries,ranging from 0.5 acres to
200 acres.Nursery industry in
kadiyam is connected in 3000 acres
and provides full time employment to
more than 30,000 labourers and
25,000 contract labour.Apart from
this a number of industries like Pot
industry,Agri-inputs, Polythene
products ,Micro-irrigation
systems,Agri-machinery are highly
dependent on these nurseries. Set in
the picturesque village of
Kadiyapulanka in the beautiful East
Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh,
Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery
(Kadiyam) has been supplying
various kinds of plants to different
states all over India. It has a team of
skilled workers and efficient
supervisors who develop different
varieties of plants in large quantities.
Prem Tiwari, Editor Landscaping &
Outdoor Living met its Owner
Margani Satyanarayana, and was
highly surprised that there is no
help/aid or contribution from
Government Departments like State
Horticulture Board behind the
success of this nursery, and of
course, all the nurseries in Kadiyam.
The government has several so
called beneficial policies for the
entrepreneurs related to such
segments, but unfortunately, they
hardly get beyond tables. Today, if
Kadiyam is acknowledged as the
Nursery Hub in Asia, it is because of
the toil, passion and self-help of the
nurserymen like Margani
Satyanarayana. The Government's
contribution is zero, or only on table,
which should be a matter of concern.
Excerpts from the interview:
Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery was established in 1989. In the beginning, we have to struggle a lot, but we prevailed against all odds, as we were determined to become a name in the floriculture map of this region.
How old is your Nursery?
The main goal of the nursery is to popularize floriculture in the region and country and to introduce new products. We are proud to take part in various regional and national exhibitions like Nursery & Landscape Expo, organized by Redmax Media, which is India's most comprehensive event atrracting reputed players from the country and abroad. Apart from this, we also participate in those expos, which are organized by INA and other organizations in Kadiyapulanka.
What are Nursery's activities?
We grow several varieties, especially seasonal plants. Major of which are fruits, ornamental, indoor and outdoor. The list includes Palm (15 varieties), Ficus (10 to verities), Mosambi, Mango (50 varieties), and Lemon, among others.
What do you grow in general?
We buy these mostly from Kolkata and Bangalore, and seasonal plants from Pune.
Where do you buy your
plants and seeds from?
Interview
Leading without SupportSri Veera Hanuman Nursery
Kadiyam located in the Godavari
basin is richly fertile, abundantly
irrigated and naturally available place
for the development of
Nurseries.Moderate Temperatures
and high relative humidity are also
the additional factors for high plant
production.It is located 15 kms from
nearest Railway station and
Airport,Rajahmundry.Kadiyam
Nurseries are spread over a radius of
10 kms comprising villages
viz.Kadiyam, Kadiyapulanka,
Burrilanka,Veeravaram,Pottilanka,Ven
kayyammapeta and Damireddypalli.
Kadiyam is the place where nurseries
are as old as 100yrs, and till date it
has approx.600-800
nurseries,ranging from 0.5 acres to
200 acres.Nursery industry in
kadiyam is connected in 3000 acres
and provides full time employment to
more than 30,000 labourers and
25,000 contract labour.Apart from
this a number of industries like Pot
industry,Agri-inputs, Polythene
products ,Micro-irrigation
systems,Agri-machinery are highly
dependent on these nurseries. Set in
the picturesque village of
Kadiyapulanka in the beautiful East
Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh,
Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery
(Kadiyam) has been supplying
various kinds of plants to different
states all over India. It has a team of
skilled workers and efficient
supervisors who develop different
varieties of plants in large quantities.
Prem Tiwari, Editor Landscaping &
Outdoor Living met its Owner
Margani Satyanarayana, and was
highly surprised that there is no
help/aid or contribution from
Government Departments like State
Horticulture Board behind the
success of this nursery, and of
course, all the nurseries in Kadiyam.
The government has several so
called beneficial policies for the
entrepreneurs related to such
segments, but unfortunately, they
hardly get beyond tables. Today, if
Kadiyam is acknowledged as the
Nursery Hub in Asia, it is because of
the toil, passion and self-help of the
nurserymen like Margani
Satyanarayana. The Government's
contribution is zero, or only on table,
which should be a matter of concern.
Excerpts from the interview:
Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery was established in 1989. In the beginning, we have to struggle a lot, but we prevailed against all odds, as we were determined to become a name in the floriculture map of this region.
How old is your Nursery?
The main goal of the nursery is to popularize floriculture in the region and country and to introduce new products. We are proud to take part in various regional and national exhibitions like Nursery & Landscape Expo, organized by Redmax Media, which is India's most comprehensive event atrracting reputed players from the country and abroad. Apart from this, we also participate in those expos, which are organized by INA and other organizations in Kadiyapulanka.
What are Nursery's activities?
We grow several varieties, especially seasonal plants. Major of which are fruits, ornamental, indoor and outdoor. The list includes Palm (15 varieties), Ficus (10 to verities), Mosambi, Mango (50 varieties), and Lemon, among others.
What do you grow in general?
We buy these mostly from Kolkata and Bangalore, and seasonal plants from Pune.
Where do you buy your
plants and seeds from?
No.We have got the export license recently, and we will soon begin to export.
Did you export plants ever?
I do not know but we want to establish Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery as the leading plant grower in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. We have branches in New Delhi and Pune. We will grow further and explore possibilities to compete with other established players. Our belief in hard work and dedication has won us much appreciations and awards like Best Nursery Award, which was given by Former Governor of Andhra Pradesh N.D Tiwari.
Where do you see yourself after 10 years down the line?
Do you get any government support? No. The government should encourage nurseries as it encourages non-conventional forms of agriculture through subsidies
and other benefits. It would surely help horticulture to grow.
We supply all over India including Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P, M.P, Haryana, Punjab, West Bengal and Orissa. We have our own packing system to deliver the plants safely to the customers.
Where do you supply your plants?
Interview
Ad
PRECISION AGRITECH, PUNEGrowers of Seasonal Flowers & Vegetables Seedlings
Mr. Vijay Shinde Managing Director
It is one of the reputed seedling company in India. Started in 1 June - 2009 by Mr. Vijay Shinde, Managing Director. Which is situated at Shewalewadi, Pune in 5 acres area with 2 Polly houses. The large dedicated team, successful & development employees working in this company since last more than 3 years.
Precision Agritech
To Meet customer's expectation is our success”
Company’s AimTo build successful long term relationship with customers & to understand their needs & deliver consistently performance well to the customer . Our products are developed to meet our customers’ expectations in the areas of quality & performance.
Survy No- 26, Manjarifarm, Pune - Solapur Road, Tal - Haveli, Hadapsar, Pune -412 307 (Maharashtra)Mobile No - 09011975757 / 09011072929/ 09011178484Email - [email protected],Website- www.precisionagritech.com
SEEDLING PLUG
GLOXINIA PLANT
SEEDLING IN TRAYS POLLY HOUSE
We do an appropriate study of market & plan accordingly for growth of our company. We do focus on delivering the best new variety of seasonal flowers
& vegetables on time to time & these are highly profitable to the farmers as well as nurserymen.
Awarded by Indian Nurserymen Association 2011 (Delhi)
No.We have got the export license recently, and we will soon begin to export.
Did you export plants ever?
I do not know but we want to establish Sri Veera Hanuman Nursery as the leading plant grower in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. We have branches in New Delhi and Pune. We will grow further and explore possibilities to compete with other established players. Our belief in hard work and dedication has won us much appreciations and awards like Best Nursery Award, which was given by Former Governor of Andhra Pradesh N.D Tiwari.
Where do you see yourself after 10 years down the line?
Do you get any government support? No. The government should encourage nurseries as it encourages non-conventional forms of agriculture through subsidies
and other benefits. It would surely help horticulture to grow.
We supply all over India including Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P, M.P, Haryana, Punjab, West Bengal and Orissa. We have our own packing system to deliver the plants safely to the customers.
Where do you supply your plants?
Interview
Ad
PRECISION AGRITECH, PUNEGrowers of Seasonal Flowers & Vegetables Seedlings
Mr. Vijay Shinde Managing Director
It is one of the reputed seedling company in India. Started in 1 June - 2009 by Mr. Vijay Shinde, Managing Director. Which is situated at Shewalewadi, Pune in 5 acres area with 2 Polly houses. The large dedicated team, successful & development employees working in this company since last more than 3 years.
Precision Agritech
To Meet customer's expectation is our success”
Company’s AimTo build successful long term relationship with customers & to understand their needs & deliver consistently performance well to the customer . Our products are developed to meet our customers’ expectations in the areas of quality & performance.
Survy No- 26, Manjarifarm, Pune - Solapur Road, Tal - Haveli, Hadapsar, Pune -412 307 (Maharashtra)Mobile No - 09011975757 / 09011072929/ 09011178484Email - [email protected],Website- www.precisionagritech.com
SEEDLING PLUG
GLOXINIA PLANT
SEEDLING IN TRAYS POLLY HOUSE
We do an appropriate study of market & plan accordingly for growth of our company. We do focus on delivering the best new variety of seasonal flowers
& vegetables on time to time & these are highly profitable to the farmers as well as nurserymen.
Awarded by Indian Nurserymen Association 2011 (Delhi)
Project
Safdie designed an urban structure that weaves together the components of a complex program into a dynamic urban
crossroads and public meeting place. Inspired by great ancient cities that were ordered around a vital public thoroughfare,
Marina Bay Sands is organized around two principal axes that traverse the district and give it a sense of orientation placing
emphasis on the pedestrian street as the focus of civic life. This new urban place integrates the waterfront promenade, a
74,000 square meter (800,000 square-feet) multi-level retail arcade, and the iconic Museum of ArtScience on the
promontory. Located along the network of public paths are also two theaters with a combined 4,000 seats, a casino, a 9,000
square meters (96,000 square-feet) convention and exhibition center, and a hydraulically adjustable public event piazza of
5,000 square meters (54,000 square feet). Combining indoor and outdoor spaces and providing a platform for a wide array
of activities, this vibrant, 21st-century cardo maximus, or grand arcade, also connects to the subway and other
transportation.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
“While a skyscraper can be defined as a tower that primarily stands out for being tall, Marina
Bay Sands is an example of a new and yet nameless type of tall building. The buildings has
broke away from the conventional model of a mega hotel and integrated resort and in doing
so, defined a new typology and a new icon for Singapore,” - Mosh Safdie
Marina Bay Sands is a 929,000
square meter (10 million square-
feet), high-density and mixed-use
integrated resort complex that brings
together a 2,560-room hotel, a
120,000 square meter (1,292,000
square feet) convention centre, a
shopping mall, an Art & Science
museum, two Sands Theatres, six
restaurants, and a casino. Located in
Marina South, a peninsula of land
reclaimed from the sea in the late
1970s across the bay from
Singapore's central Business District.
Conceived as not just a mere
building project, but as a city
microcosm rooted in Singapore's
culture, climate and contemporary
life, the $5 billion project anchors
Singapore's waterfront, creating a
gateway to Singapore and providing
a dynamic setting for vibrant public
life.
To design this project, Safdie
Architects was approached by Las
Vegas Sands Corporation to come
up with a design to help it win the
bid to build the city's first integrated
resort. According to Ar. Moshe
Safdie, the lead designer and head
of Safdie Architects, "Our challenge
was to create a vital public place at
the district-urban scale, in other
words, to address the issue of mega-
scale and invent an urban landscape
that would work at the human scale.
A major factor in the project selection
for the competition was the design of
the resort and the developer's
capability. Moreover, there were very
explicit terms on what the resort had
to have, including a promenade,
view corridors, and transportation
connections. We had this shopping
list of objectives, but I knew that
beyond that, they were looking for an
architecture that was so strong and
memorable that it would represent
Singapore, as the case with Sydney
Opera House, everybody says
Australia when they see it."
Multi-functional Urban Structure
An Architectural Wonder Marina Bay Sands
Project
Safdie designed an urban structure that weaves together the components of a complex program into a dynamic urban
crossroads and public meeting place. Inspired by great ancient cities that were ordered around a vital public thoroughfare,
Marina Bay Sands is organized around two principal axes that traverse the district and give it a sense of orientation placing
emphasis on the pedestrian street as the focus of civic life. This new urban place integrates the waterfront promenade, a
74,000 square meter (800,000 square-feet) multi-level retail arcade, and the iconic Museum of ArtScience on the
promontory. Located along the network of public paths are also two theaters with a combined 4,000 seats, a casino, a 9,000
square meters (96,000 square-feet) convention and exhibition center, and a hydraulically adjustable public event piazza of
5,000 square meters (54,000 square feet). Combining indoor and outdoor spaces and providing a platform for a wide array
of activities, this vibrant, 21st-century cardo maximus, or grand arcade, also connects to the subway and other
transportation.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
“While a skyscraper can be defined as a tower that primarily stands out for being tall, Marina
Bay Sands is an example of a new and yet nameless type of tall building. The buildings has
broke away from the conventional model of a mega hotel and integrated resort and in doing
so, defined a new typology and a new icon for Singapore,” - Mosh Safdie
Marina Bay Sands is a 929,000
square meter (10 million square-
feet), high-density and mixed-use
integrated resort complex that brings
together a 2,560-room hotel, a
120,000 square meter (1,292,000
square feet) convention centre, a
shopping mall, an Art & Science
museum, two Sands Theatres, six
restaurants, and a casino. Located in
Marina South, a peninsula of land
reclaimed from the sea in the late
1970s across the bay from
Singapore's central Business District.
Conceived as not just a mere
building project, but as a city
microcosm rooted in Singapore's
culture, climate and contemporary
life, the $5 billion project anchors
Singapore's waterfront, creating a
gateway to Singapore and providing
a dynamic setting for vibrant public
life.
To design this project, Safdie
Architects was approached by Las
Vegas Sands Corporation to come
up with a design to help it win the
bid to build the city's first integrated
resort. According to Ar. Moshe
Safdie, the lead designer and head
of Safdie Architects, "Our challenge
was to create a vital public place at
the district-urban scale, in other
words, to address the issue of mega-
scale and invent an urban landscape
that would work at the human scale.
A major factor in the project selection
for the competition was the design of
the resort and the developer's
capability. Moreover, there were very
explicit terms on what the resort had
to have, including a promenade,
view corridors, and transportation
connections. We had this shopping
list of objectives, but I knew that
beyond that, they were looking for an
architecture that was so strong and
memorable that it would represent
Singapore, as the case with Sydney
Opera House, everybody says
Australia when they see it."
Multi-functional Urban Structure
An Architectural Wonder Marina Bay Sands
Conceptually, the project has three towers where its each tower is composed of two slabs of east and west-facing rooms. The double-loaded towers spread at the base forming a giant atrium at the lower levels and converge as they rise. The tower slabs also give further character to the massing and relate to the site context: the glazed west side faces the city centre while the east side is planted with lush bougainvilleas facing the botanical gardens and ocean beyond. In plan, as the parcel varies in width, the cross section is decreased from one tower to the next. The tree void spaces are connected by one continuous and conditioned glazed atrium, filling the space between the towers with restaurants, retail spaces and a public thoroughfare. Each tower slab form is also twisted slightly in relation to its pair, creating a dance-like relationship between the two parts and accentuating the slenderness of the buildings, resulting in the appearance of six towers, rather than three.
Structural Design & Concept
Architect has given great
emphasis on designing a solution for
façade as the largest amount of heat
gain occurs on the west façade.
According to him, it was of
paramount importance that an
innovative solution be developed to
maintain energy efficiency without
limiting the view from the hotel
rooms to Singapore's downtown.
The design solution proposed
and implemented was a custom
double-glazed unitized curtain wall.
The energy efficient double-glazed
units rest in a frame suspended from
the edge of the slab. Perpendicular
to the façade, glass fins were
installed to provide shading. The
outer skin follows the natural curved
shape of the building, and the use of
reflective glass creates a taught
mirrored façade. One of the keys to
achieving this aesthetic was a
Facades
Project
minimal spandrel panel at the floor
slabs with a continuous double-
glazed unit spanning the full 3
meters.
The east façade handles heat
gain differently, utilizing deep planted
terraces which follow the sloping
radial geometry of the building's
profile. The planters help to create
microclimate cooling and the deep
overhangs of the balconies naturally
shade the hotel rooms from direct
sun.
Conceptually, the project has three towers where its each tower is composed of two slabs of east and west-facing rooms. The double-loaded towers spread at the base forming a giant atrium at the lower levels and converge as they rise. The tower slabs also give further character to the massing and relate to the site context: the glazed west side faces the city centre while the east side is planted with lush bougainvilleas facing the botanical gardens and ocean beyond. In plan, as the parcel varies in width, the cross section is decreased from one tower to the next. The tree void spaces are connected by one continuous and conditioned glazed atrium, filling the space between the towers with restaurants, retail spaces and a public thoroughfare. Each tower slab form is also twisted slightly in relation to its pair, creating a dance-like relationship between the two parts and accentuating the slenderness of the buildings, resulting in the appearance of six towers, rather than three.
Structural Design & Concept
Architect has given great
emphasis on designing a solution for
façade as the largest amount of heat
gain occurs on the west façade.
According to him, it was of
paramount importance that an
innovative solution be developed to
maintain energy efficiency without
limiting the view from the hotel
rooms to Singapore's downtown.
The design solution proposed
and implemented was a custom
double-glazed unitized curtain wall.
The energy efficient double-glazed
units rest in a frame suspended from
the edge of the slab. Perpendicular
to the façade, glass fins were
installed to provide shading. The
outer skin follows the natural curved
shape of the building, and the use of
reflective glass creates a taught
mirrored façade. One of the keys to
achieving this aesthetic was a
Facades
Project
minimal spandrel panel at the floor
slabs with a continuous double-
glazed unit spanning the full 3
meters.
The east façade handles heat
gain differently, utilizing deep planted
terraces which follow the sloping
radial geometry of the building's
profile. The planters help to create
microclimate cooling and the deep
overhangs of the balconies naturally
shade the hotel rooms from direct
sun.
Shielded from the winds and lavishly
planted with hundreds of trees, the
SkyPark celebrates the notion of the
Garden City that has been the
underpinning of Singapore's urban
design strategy.
While the highrise hotel towers
and SkyPark made MBS an iconic
architecture, Mr Safdie also
humanised and made legible, such a
mega-scale project. It is an important
principle in his design philosophy. It
was not a project requirement, but
he decided to set the highrise
buildings back and away from the
waterfront. He drew inspiration from
ancient Roman cities that were
ordered around a vital public
thoroughfare — the cardo maximus
and decumanus. The MBS is
organized around such major urban
spines, the centre of public, civic,
cultural and commercial activities.
The resort's retail arcade, the
ArtScience Museum, the waterfront
promenade, theatres, a casino,
convention and exhibition centre, are
all integrated into this new urban
place. "I felt the best scheme would
be for all these low-rise programmes
to be near the water, and the highrise
would be pushed far back to the
other side," says Mr Safdie. "It makes
it a much more humane place, not
having the shadows of towers above
you.”
A series of layered gardens
provide ample green space
throughout Marina Bay Sands,
extending the tropical garden
landscape from Marina City Park
towards the Bayfront. The landscape
network reinforces urban
connections with the resort's
surroundings and every level of the
district has green space that is
accessible to the public. Generous
pedestrian streets open to tropical
plantings and water views. Half of the
roofs of the hotel, convention center,
shopping mall, and casino complex
are planted with trees and gardens.
In collaboration with Aedas, Ar
Safdie created the hotel as three 55-
storey towers instead of just one, so
as to open up views between the
city's downtown and its harbour. The
towers anchor the district and are
connected at the top by the 1
hectares (2.5acre) SkyPark. An
engineering marvel 200 meters (656
feet) above the sea, the SkyPark
spans from tower to tower and
cantilevers 65 meters (213 feet)
beyond. It accommodates a public
observatory, gardens, a 151 meter-
long (495 feet-long) swimming pool,
restaurants, and jogging paths
and offers sweeping panoramic
views, a formidable resource in a
dense city like Singapore.
Layered Parks
Project
These design approaches have
helped to make the MBS a popular
destination in the city since it
officially opened in early 2011. Not
only tourists come, but also
Singaporeans, notes Mr Safdie.
While many regard this project as
designing another integrated resort
like those in Las Vegas and Macau,
Mr Safdie begs to differ. With its
variety of uses, including shopping,
he sees the MBS as an urban centre
for Singaporeans as much as it is for
tourists. "Integrated resorts have
been in towns with not much going
there. In Las Vegas, everybody is a
tourist, same in Macau, but that's
not true in Singapore," he says. "With
Marina Bay Sands, I wanted to
create a mixing bowl between
Singapore and the world, a place
that Singaporeans and tourists alike
would enjoy and be inspired by. It
appears that the design has
succeeded in achieving this
objective.”
"We are now basking in
something that is very rare: an
architectural success story that is
also a commercial success story,"
adds Mr Safdie. "It doesn't come
together very often."
Shielded from the winds and lavishly
planted with hundreds of trees, the
SkyPark celebrates the notion of the
Garden City that has been the
underpinning of Singapore's urban
design strategy.
While the highrise hotel towers
and SkyPark made MBS an iconic
architecture, Mr Safdie also
humanised and made legible, such a
mega-scale project. It is an important
principle in his design philosophy. It
was not a project requirement, but
he decided to set the highrise
buildings back and away from the
waterfront. He drew inspiration from
ancient Roman cities that were
ordered around a vital public
thoroughfare — the cardo maximus
and decumanus. The MBS is
organized around such major urban
spines, the centre of public, civic,
cultural and commercial activities.
The resort's retail arcade, the
ArtScience Museum, the waterfront
promenade, theatres, a casino,
convention and exhibition centre, are
all integrated into this new urban
place. "I felt the best scheme would
be for all these low-rise programmes
to be near the water, and the highrise
would be pushed far back to the
other side," says Mr Safdie. "It makes
it a much more humane place, not
having the shadows of towers above
you.”
A series of layered gardens
provide ample green space
throughout Marina Bay Sands,
extending the tropical garden
landscape from Marina City Park
towards the Bayfront. The landscape
network reinforces urban
connections with the resort's
surroundings and every level of the
district has green space that is
accessible to the public. Generous
pedestrian streets open to tropical
plantings and water views. Half of the
roofs of the hotel, convention center,
shopping mall, and casino complex
are planted with trees and gardens.
In collaboration with Aedas, Ar
Safdie created the hotel as three 55-
storey towers instead of just one, so
as to open up views between the
city's downtown and its harbour. The
towers anchor the district and are
connected at the top by the 1
hectares (2.5acre) SkyPark. An
engineering marvel 200 meters (656
feet) above the sea, the SkyPark
spans from tower to tower and
cantilevers 65 meters (213 feet)
beyond. It accommodates a public
observatory, gardens, a 151 meter-
long (495 feet-long) swimming pool,
restaurants, and jogging paths
and offers sweeping panoramic
views, a formidable resource in a
dense city like Singapore.
Layered Parks
Project
These design approaches have
helped to make the MBS a popular
destination in the city since it
officially opened in early 2011. Not
only tourists come, but also
Singaporeans, notes Mr Safdie.
While many regard this project as
designing another integrated resort
like those in Las Vegas and Macau,
Mr Safdie begs to differ. With its
variety of uses, including shopping,
he sees the MBS as an urban centre
for Singaporeans as much as it is for
tourists. "Integrated resorts have
been in towns with not much going
there. In Las Vegas, everybody is a
tourist, same in Macau, but that's
not true in Singapore," he says. "With
Marina Bay Sands, I wanted to
create a mixing bowl between
Singapore and the world, a place
that Singaporeans and tourists alike
would enjoy and be inspired by. It
appears that the design has
succeeded in achieving this
objective.”
"We are now basking in
something that is very rare: an
architectural success story that is
also a commercial success story,"
adds Mr Safdie. "It doesn't come
together very often."
Moshe Safdie selected five international artists to create eight monumental public art installations for Marina Bay Sands (James Carpenter, Antony Gormley, Ned Kahn, Sol LeWitt, and Chongbin Zheng). The artists worked closely with Safdie to ensure that the site-specific commissions complement the architecture and energize the public spaces.
“Singapore's public art incentive program offers an extraordinary opportunity for commissioned works in which art and architecture are complementary and seamlessly integrated," said Mr. Safdie. "It has been a privilege to collaborate with the artists to achieve installations which enrich the environment and inspire the public. Each of the works resonates in a particular way with the architecture while presenting the artists with an extraordinary palette of their creations.”
Marina Bay Sands has been given the honor of 'Design of the year' at this year's President Design
Award in Singapore. The President's Design Award is Singapore's most prestigious design accolade. It recognizes excellence across all design disciplines including advertising design and visual communication, architecture and urban design, fashion design, furniture, interior, and so on.
Large-Scale Public ArtProject
Moshe Safdie selected five international artists to create eight monumental public art installations for Marina Bay Sands (James Carpenter, Antony Gormley, Ned Kahn, Sol LeWitt, and Chongbin Zheng). The artists worked closely with Safdie to ensure that the site-specific commissions complement the architecture and energize the public spaces.
“Singapore's public art incentive program offers an extraordinary opportunity for commissioned works in which art and architecture are complementary and seamlessly integrated," said Mr. Safdie. "It has been a privilege to collaborate with the artists to achieve installations which enrich the environment and inspire the public. Each of the works resonates in a particular way with the architecture while presenting the artists with an extraordinary palette of their creations.”
Marina Bay Sands has been given the honor of 'Design of the year' at this year's President Design
Award in Singapore. The President's Design Award is Singapore's most prestigious design accolade. It recognizes excellence across all design disciplines including advertising design and visual communication, architecture and urban design, fashion design, furniture, interior, and so on.
Large-Scale Public ArtProject
Project
PWP worked with the Singapore
government, Moshe Safdie, and a
team of local landscape architects
and horticulturalists as well as
engineering, architectural, and
business professionals to create the
landscape for this project at the
entrance to Singapore Bay. It
includes a public waterfront
promenade, a public rooftop
promenade, and a 1,000-meter-long
landscaped bridge. The 2.5-acre
Landscape Architecture
Skypark spans the roofs of three
hotel towers on the 57th floor and
offers views of downtown Singapore.
Landscape occupies nearly 30
acres at Marina Bay Sands, 75
percent of which is public space and
almost all of which is on structure.
The half-mile-long Waterfront
Promenade features a triple allée of
Roystonia palms interspersed with
informal groupings of large canopy
trees—Khaya, Peitophorum, and
Alstonia—a design that provides
both scale and much-needed shade.
Permeable pavement systems collect
surface drainage and reduce runoff.
The Skypark, a surprising garden
in the sky, features a swimming pool
with an infinity edge, garden rooms
of lush plantings and mature trees, a
public viewing deck, and three
restaurants. PWP conceived of an
early tree-procurement strategy as
well as a temporary-nursery plan that
permitted plants to be sourced
overseas from many locales and
facilitated the installation of large
quantities of mature trees with a high
success rate.
Project
PWP worked with the Singapore
government, Moshe Safdie, and a
team of local landscape architects
and horticulturalists as well as
engineering, architectural, and
business professionals to create the
landscape for this project at the
entrance to Singapore Bay. It
includes a public waterfront
promenade, a public rooftop
promenade, and a 1,000-meter-long
landscaped bridge. The 2.5-acre
Landscape Architecture
Skypark spans the roofs of three
hotel towers on the 57th floor and
offers views of downtown Singapore.
Landscape occupies nearly 30
acres at Marina Bay Sands, 75
percent of which is public space and
almost all of which is on structure.
The half-mile-long Waterfront
Promenade features a triple allée of
Roystonia palms interspersed with
informal groupings of large canopy
trees—Khaya, Peitophorum, and
Alstonia—a design that provides
both scale and much-needed shade.
Permeable pavement systems collect
surface drainage and reduce runoff.
The Skypark, a surprising garden
in the sky, features a swimming pool
with an infinity edge, garden rooms
of lush plantings and mature trees, a
public viewing deck, and three
restaurants. PWP conceived of an
early tree-procurement strategy as
well as a temporary-nursery plan that
permitted plants to be sourced
overseas from many locales and
facilitated the installation of large
quantities of mature trees with a high
success rate.
Nursery
Mr. Kishore D. Pradhan Landscape Architects and Nurseries have a unique professional bond. In quest of new,
better solutions to problems old and new a Landscape Architect, like other designers, is
constantly looking for the plant material which is as much integral part of design as
hardscape and lighting. As we landscape Architects look up to nurserymen, for the
enrichment of our designs with the help of plant material grown by nurserymen, they in turn
benefit from the association with assured bulk demand, precision of specifications and the
inducement to create and collect newer varieties. It is inevitable, then, that there are certain
professional expectations from each other in order to bring up the quality of projects to
international standards.
Here are some of the aspects we are expected from plant nurseries in India:
The primary aspect is about the quality of plant material. The clients, these days, are not
ready to use seedlings and wait for two to three years for the desired effect to emerge.
Availability of plants, form seedlings to fully mature ones, with well formed, healthy crowns
and stems has become essential.
Equally important is the availability of plants of each variety in large numbers. The
globalization process and economic stability have changed the scale of the projects.
Hundreds of acres are being developed at the same time creating a demand for large
quantity of plants. Our nurserymen should gear up to meet this demand with their ability to
supply. With the improved methods of construction technology the climatic cycles do not
affect the project schedule and hence such supply should be ensured throughout the year.
The advent of tissue-cultured plant material can help this matter.
The use of growing medium is also important as today’s client is prepared to buy plants
not necessarily from nurseries near the project site but even from remote places if the
quality, quantity and the prices are attractive. As the local soil conditions change,
uniformity of growing medium becomes important to ensure high survival rate, especially if
the plants are brought from alien regions. Use of city compost, along with local soil, be it
clay, loam or sand will make the soil mixture more compatible to any region, resulting in
easy survival of nursery plants anywhere in India.
The use of local indigenous plants in landscaping is another factor for which we
Landscape Architects need the nurserymen’s support. A large part local flora, (trees,
shrubs, ground covers etc.) remains unused in the Landscape schemes. Many of these
plants have high aesthetic value and are easy to grow and maintain. They lend a distinct
local character to the landscape design. The stereotype of demand and supply
phenomenon should be broken with the collaboration of landscape designers and
nurserymen in order to lessen the overuse of exotic plants and encourage the local plants
by propagating them in large scale.
Nurserymen & Landscape Designer
The Professional Interrelationship
Nursery
Mr. Kishore D. Pradhan Landscape Architects and Nurseries have a unique professional bond. In quest of new,
better solutions to problems old and new a Landscape Architect, like other designers, is
constantly looking for the plant material which is as much integral part of design as
hardscape and lighting. As we landscape Architects look up to nurserymen, for the
enrichment of our designs with the help of plant material grown by nurserymen, they in turn
benefit from the association with assured bulk demand, precision of specifications and the
inducement to create and collect newer varieties. It is inevitable, then, that there are certain
professional expectations from each other in order to bring up the quality of projects to
international standards.
Here are some of the aspects we are expected from plant nurseries in India:
The primary aspect is about the quality of plant material. The clients, these days, are not
ready to use seedlings and wait for two to three years for the desired effect to emerge.
Availability of plants, form seedlings to fully mature ones, with well formed, healthy crowns
and stems has become essential.
Equally important is the availability of plants of each variety in large numbers. The
globalization process and economic stability have changed the scale of the projects.
Hundreds of acres are being developed at the same time creating a demand for large
quantity of plants. Our nurserymen should gear up to meet this demand with their ability to
supply. With the improved methods of construction technology the climatic cycles do not
affect the project schedule and hence such supply should be ensured throughout the year.
The advent of tissue-cultured plant material can help this matter.
The use of growing medium is also important as today’s client is prepared to buy plants
not necessarily from nurseries near the project site but even from remote places if the
quality, quantity and the prices are attractive. As the local soil conditions change,
uniformity of growing medium becomes important to ensure high survival rate, especially if
the plants are brought from alien regions. Use of city compost, along with local soil, be it
clay, loam or sand will make the soil mixture more compatible to any region, resulting in
easy survival of nursery plants anywhere in India.
The use of local indigenous plants in landscaping is another factor for which we
Landscape Architects need the nurserymen’s support. A large part local flora, (trees,
shrubs, ground covers etc.) remains unused in the Landscape schemes. Many of these
plants have high aesthetic value and are easy to grow and maintain. They lend a distinct
local character to the landscape design. The stereotype of demand and supply
phenomenon should be broken with the collaboration of landscape designers and
nurserymen in order to lessen the overuse of exotic plants and encourage the local plants
by propagating them in large scale.
Nurserymen & Landscape Designer
The Professional Interrelationship
Along with the hardy perennials
the use of large number of herbaceous
and seasonal plants is also becoming
popular among landscape designers.
These plants enliven the projects with
their vibrant, colorful appearance in a
short life also necessitates persistent
and assured supply of seedlings in
every season. Lately, there is an
emergence of multinational firms
which have started marketing
seasonal plants. This however, is only
a beginning and there is a great
potential for growth in this sector.
With the globalization there is now
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
a great need for nurserymen to
compete with international market with
profess ional ism. The nursery
business should have proper scientific
and technological support, which
means it should be run with qualified
staff and appropriate investment.
An up-to-date inventory with
accurate identification of plants,
labelled with botanical names, is
essential. This will enhance market
opportunities as clients from all over
India can shop for the plants at even
faraway places without having the fear
of buying the wrong species.
There is a great scope for
development of a happy and
meaningful association ship between
the Nurserymen and Landscape
designers which well benefit the
profession and result in a better
service to the clients. I am sure like
Landscape Architect; the Nurserymen
too have certain expectations. True
understanding of each other's
problem and a joint effort to overcome
them will help us to take our profession
to new heights.
Along with the hardy perennials
the use of large number of herbaceous
and seasonal plants is also becoming
popular among landscape designers.
These plants enliven the projects with
their vibrant, colorful appearance in a
short life also necessitates persistent
and assured supply of seedlings in
every season. Lately, there is an
emergence of multinational firms
which have started marketing
seasonal plants. This however, is only
a beginning and there is a great
potential for growth in this sector.
With the globalization there is now
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
a great need for nurserymen to
compete with international market with
profess ional ism. The nursery
business should have proper scientific
and technological support, which
means it should be run with qualified
staff and appropriate investment.
An up-to-date inventory with
accurate identification of plants,
labelled with botanical names, is
essential. This will enhance market
opportunities as clients from all over
India can shop for the plants at even
faraway places without having the fear
of buying the wrong species.
There is a great scope for
development of a happy and
meaningful association ship between
the Nurserymen and Landscape
designers which well benefit the
profession and result in a better
service to the clients. I am sure like
Landscape Architect; the Nurserymen
too have certain expectations. True
understanding of each other's
problem and a joint effort to overcome
them will help us to take our profession
to new heights.
Green Roof
A green roof generally means a carpeting of plants on a roof, which improves the energy
performance of buildings, and reduces storm water runoff. Though many urban dwellers have
flowerpots or container gardens on their roofs, these aren't providing the energy savings that
green roofs do.
If someone set out to create a vegetable garden that would provide some of those benefits.
While his garden far from carpets his roof, it does sit right against the roof membrane, helping to
insulate his house, while providing fresh food for his family.
If you'd like to start a green roof garden of your own, here are some things that you might want
to take into consideration:
Safety First and foremost, you want your garden to be safe. This isn't just about protecting
those on the roof from falling off. Since roofs are generally windy places, you'll also want to protect
passer bys from falling tools. So install fencing and securely tie down all equipment. Consult your
local department of buildings for any necessary permits and regulations about fence height.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Green Roof
lifestyle for modern urban life
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
1. Space and spread of plant foliage
2. Depth of the soil: If, it is lawn- 6-8 inches, if shrubs- 12-24 inches,& if tree- 36-120inches
3. Plants with vigorous root should be avoided instead shallow tooted plats are preferred.
4. Plants capable of withstand windy condition should be selected.
5. The shape, colour, and texture of foliage should be complimentary to design features and should not clutter e.g. big plants create clutter in small spaces and tend to dwarf nearby small plants. Foliage plants are best suited to green roof.
6. Plants are live and growing element of landscaping, so growth rate, full grown size of the plant has to be taken into consideration.
7. If roof is not getting sufficient light shade loving plants are suggested.
Weight Wet soil is heavy. So too is a foot of wet snow on top of that soil. So you'll want to figure out the sustainable weight load
of your roof (consult a structural engineer), as too much load in the wrong places can cause structural damage. In most cases,
you'll need to use a planting medium instead of soil.
For wood roof, a mix of 15% stalite permatil, 15% vermiculite, 25% compost, and 45% stalite, is suggested. Since the nutrients
have been consumed, the compost gets renewed at the start of every season, but otherwise he estimates he will not need to
replace this. When it snows, he makes sure to push the snow off the beds, and hasn't had a problem with weight load yet.
Containers You'll need a container that is lightweight, but allows drainage. For maximum energy benefits, it should sit flat
against the roof. Now a day's many use a modular planting system designed for green roofs made up of plastic. So that the plant
roots don't burrow into roof membrane, the recycled-plastic trays with a fabric weed block could be lined up. It is also seen roof
gardens created in wading pools, feed sacks, and even recycled tires.
Watering In the hottest months, you'll need to be watering daily. You can solve the problem by running a garden hose up the
side of his building, and attaching it to drip lines and a timer system. This allows you to go away for several days at a time without
worrying about his plants dying.
Plants Selection of plants is very important for green roof and few considerations are given here before selecting
the plant varieties:
Green Roof
A green roof generally means a carpeting of plants on a roof, which improves the energy
performance of buildings, and reduces storm water runoff. Though many urban dwellers have
flowerpots or container gardens on their roofs, these aren't providing the energy savings that
green roofs do.
If someone set out to create a vegetable garden that would provide some of those benefits.
While his garden far from carpets his roof, it does sit right against the roof membrane, helping to
insulate his house, while providing fresh food for his family.
If you'd like to start a green roof garden of your own, here are some things that you might want
to take into consideration:
Safety First and foremost, you want your garden to be safe. This isn't just about protecting
those on the roof from falling off. Since roofs are generally windy places, you'll also want to protect
passer bys from falling tools. So install fencing and securely tie down all equipment. Consult your
local department of buildings for any necessary permits and regulations about fence height.
Landscaping & Outdoor Living 07
Green Roof
lifestyle for modern urban life
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
1. Space and spread of plant foliage
2. Depth of the soil: If, it is lawn- 6-8 inches, if shrubs- 12-24 inches,& if tree- 36-120inches
3. Plants with vigorous root should be avoided instead shallow tooted plats are preferred.
4. Plants capable of withstand windy condition should be selected.
5. The shape, colour, and texture of foliage should be complimentary to design features and should not clutter e.g. big plants create clutter in small spaces and tend to dwarf nearby small plants. Foliage plants are best suited to green roof.
6. Plants are live and growing element of landscaping, so growth rate, full grown size of the plant has to be taken into consideration.
7. If roof is not getting sufficient light shade loving plants are suggested.
Weight Wet soil is heavy. So too is a foot of wet snow on top of that soil. So you'll want to figure out the sustainable weight load
of your roof (consult a structural engineer), as too much load in the wrong places can cause structural damage. In most cases,
you'll need to use a planting medium instead of soil.
For wood roof, a mix of 15% stalite permatil, 15% vermiculite, 25% compost, and 45% stalite, is suggested. Since the nutrients
have been consumed, the compost gets renewed at the start of every season, but otherwise he estimates he will not need to
replace this. When it snows, he makes sure to push the snow off the beds, and hasn't had a problem with weight load yet.
Containers You'll need a container that is lightweight, but allows drainage. For maximum energy benefits, it should sit flat
against the roof. Now a day's many use a modular planting system designed for green roofs made up of plastic. So that the plant
roots don't burrow into roof membrane, the recycled-plastic trays with a fabric weed block could be lined up. It is also seen roof
gardens created in wading pools, feed sacks, and even recycled tires.
Watering In the hottest months, you'll need to be watering daily. You can solve the problem by running a garden hose up the
side of his building, and attaching it to drip lines and a timer system. This allows you to go away for several days at a time without
worrying about his plants dying.
Plants Selection of plants is very important for green roof and few considerations are given here before selecting
the plant varieties:
Plants for green roof
Green Roof
1. Foliage Plants: Cordyline terminalis, Begonia acutifolia, Pileas etc.
2. Climbers: Hedra helix, Philodendron scandens, Ficus pumila etc.
3. Ferns: Nephrolepsis exalta, Clorodesmis sp.etc
4. Ground covers: Gynura aurantiaca, Sansvieria trifasciata, Ficus elastic, Helxine soleirolii, Monstera acuminate, Setcreasea pupurea
5. Lawn: Cynodon dactylon(Durva), Digitaria sp.(Crab grass), Nasella sp.(Mexican Feathry grass) etc.
6. Hedges: Dodonaea pupurea, Clerodendron splendens, Lantana camera, Acalypha sp.etc.
7. Trailers: Chlorophytum comosum, Zebrina
Annuals and Biennials
Annuals are the plant which produce flowers, mature and die in a course of one year. The provide abundant bloom and quick
colour for any type of garden and they are inexpensive. If one want colourful terrace landscape, annuals are indispensable.
Annuals and biennials should be placed in full sun unless it is known that they can tolerate shade. Some annuals and biennials
which are easy and fast-growing:
1. Aster- Pink and Scarlet 2. Balsam- Lilac and Red
3. Marigold – Yellow and Orange 4. Zinnias- Pink and Lilac
5. Lobelia – White and Blue 6. Cosmos – Rosy and Purple
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
Perennials
Unlike annuals they continue flowering, year after year, through some go dormant in winter after storing food in their roots for
next spring's growth. As a group, perennials are a hardy lot, even in the coldest climates. In mild climate, many perennials hold
their foliage all the year. For many, perennials were valued for their effectiveness in border planting. This is still one of their best
uses. But today they are used in a same way as the annuals, in mass planting in edging, as bulb covers and ground covers.
• Perennials are excellent pot plant for gracing of deck or terrace.
• While massing the perennials, one should choose them carefully, sothey will work together in harmonious pattern of colour,
form, size and texture. Though some of the perennials require shade, most prefer full sun.
• Some perennials which are popular and fast growing:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Agathaea – sky Blue Alyysum – Golden Yellow
Astilbe – Pink , Red and White Bergenia – Rossy and White
Bleeding Heart- Pink Campanula – Blue and White
Blubs
All the blubs share a common
characteristic of storing the food in swollen
underground parts during dormant
seasons. When their growth season
comes around, roots and leaves sprouts
from this natural storehouse. Bulbs often
bloom in spring except some like lilies
which bloom in summer. Bulbs need a
highly organic but rapid draining soil.
Preferably, dig round holes for bulbs with a
concave bottom. This works better than
pointed better than pointed holes that
leave air pockets below the bulb. E.g. Lily
– Many colour, Canna – Chorme Yellow
Vines
Vines cover a multitude of sins including
cracked walls and unsightly areas and they
create a cascading effect that is very
appealing. They screen walls and fences and
blackout objectionable views. Some vines
produce for cutting or for display. Some got
striking foliage. Others bear fruits and berries.
Vines can give a colourful and soft green
background to the terrace garden. Vines,
hang from upper terrace or deck can from
clusters. Multilevel designs become more
beautiful and effective by the neat and
aesthetic use of the vines. E.g. Boston ivy –
Dense Deciduous, Star Jasmine (Spreading,
Evergreen),Trumpet ( Yellow Flowers
Evergreen)
Plants for green roof
Green Roof
1. Foliage Plants: Cordyline terminalis, Begonia acutifolia, Pileas etc.
2. Climbers: Hedra helix, Philodendron scandens, Ficus pumila etc.
3. Ferns: Nephrolepsis exalta, Clorodesmis sp.etc
4. Ground covers: Gynura aurantiaca, Sansvieria trifasciata, Ficus elastic, Helxine soleirolii, Monstera acuminate, Setcreasea pupurea
5. Lawn: Cynodon dactylon(Durva), Digitaria sp.(Crab grass), Nasella sp.(Mexican Feathry grass) etc.
6. Hedges: Dodonaea pupurea, Clerodendron splendens, Lantana camera, Acalypha sp.etc.
7. Trailers: Chlorophytum comosum, Zebrina
Annuals and Biennials
Annuals are the plant which produce flowers, mature and die in a course of one year. The provide abundant bloom and quick
colour for any type of garden and they are inexpensive. If one want colourful terrace landscape, annuals are indispensable.
Annuals and biennials should be placed in full sun unless it is known that they can tolerate shade. Some annuals and biennials
which are easy and fast-growing:
1. Aster- Pink and Scarlet 2. Balsam- Lilac and Red
3. Marigold – Yellow and Orange 4. Zinnias- Pink and Lilac
5. Lobelia – White and Blue 6. Cosmos – Rosy and Purple
06 Landscaping & Outdoor Living
Perennials
Unlike annuals they continue flowering, year after year, through some go dormant in winter after storing food in their roots for
next spring's growth. As a group, perennials are a hardy lot, even in the coldest climates. In mild climate, many perennials hold
their foliage all the year. For many, perennials were valued for their effectiveness in border planting. This is still one of their best
uses. But today they are used in a same way as the annuals, in mass planting in edging, as bulb covers and ground covers.
• Perennials are excellent pot plant for gracing of deck or terrace.
• While massing the perennials, one should choose them carefully, sothey will work together in harmonious pattern of colour,
form, size and texture. Though some of the perennials require shade, most prefer full sun.
• Some perennials which are popular and fast growing:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Agathaea – sky Blue Alyysum – Golden Yellow
Astilbe – Pink , Red and White Bergenia – Rossy and White
Bleeding Heart- Pink Campanula – Blue and White
Blubs
All the blubs share a common
characteristic of storing the food in swollen
underground parts during dormant
seasons. When their growth season
comes around, roots and leaves sprouts
from this natural storehouse. Bulbs often
bloom in spring except some like lilies
which bloom in summer. Bulbs need a
highly organic but rapid draining soil.
Preferably, dig round holes for bulbs with a
concave bottom. This works better than
pointed better than pointed holes that
leave air pockets below the bulb. E.g. Lily
– Many colour, Canna – Chorme Yellow
Vines
Vines cover a multitude of sins including
cracked walls and unsightly areas and they
create a cascading effect that is very
appealing. They screen walls and fences and
blackout objectionable views. Some vines
produce for cutting or for display. Some got
striking foliage. Others bear fruits and berries.
Vines can give a colourful and soft green
background to the terrace garden. Vines,
hang from upper terrace or deck can from
clusters. Multilevel designs become more
beautiful and effective by the neat and
aesthetic use of the vines. E.g. Boston ivy –
Dense Deciduous, Star Jasmine (Spreading,
Evergreen),Trumpet ( Yellow Flowers
Evergreen)
Shrubs
Shrubs are available for almost any use in the terrace garden. The best shrubs for permanent landscaping are those that
grow quite slowly but once established, maintain their character year after year. Shrubs grow almost free of care other than
occasional pruning. Evergreen shrubs are most popular where weather conditions are hospitable. In colder climates of
course deciduous shrubs are favoured because their foliage blocks sunrays in summer and a bare branch allows heat in
winter. Some shrubs need space to grow. E.g. Firebush, Cape honey suckle
Lawn
Lawn is a major vegetation element in design of terrace garden. It can control heat and glare of sun. It gives pleasant feeling
to eyes. It is used for aesthetical purpose also. Lawns are also use din combination with other landscape element like
paving material. There are four types of gras which are mainly adopted for the purpose of creating a lawn on the terrace.
1. Hariyali is the most common. It grows vigorously and spreads uniformly. It does not require much attention for
maintenance. Lot of water and sunlight is required.
2. Blue grass has soft texture with bluish tint. It has velvet texture but it doesn't grow uniformly. It is very delicate and
requires more maintenance. It is not suitable for active recreation.
1. Crab grass has good spreading characteristic. It grows in humid zones also. It can grow under certain percentage of
shade. Crab grass is suitable for active recreation also.
2. Dichondra has tiny circular leaves and spreads uniformly. It is suitable for rock garden; grass jointed paving and general purpose.
Green Roof
Cacti and Succulents
Cacti are remarkable for tolerating much neglect
and growing in locations where few other plants can
succeed. Nearly all cacti originated in the desert of the
African continents. There are many forms of cacti, such
as globular, columnar, segmental, crystal and even
monstrous. The growing of exotic varieties such as the
Maryad Pin Cushion Species of Mammilaria, Pigmy
Cactus, Rebutia which has spectacular blooms, can be
most rewarding experience and is relatively easy.
Larger and sturdier succulents like Opunita and Yucca
can be planted outdoors in bright sunlight, the smaller
more delicate and flowering plants can be grown in
house placed indoors to provide exotic decor. Cacti
should always be watered whenever the soil looks dry.
Over watering is not good for cacti. Add extra sand
coarse grit to soil mixture to ensure good drainage.
Once a year or when roots have filled the pot, cacti need
to be re-potted in a pot, one size larger than the
previous or old one.
Succulents Succulents are one of the fascinating groups of
plants in the entire plant world. Cacti- euphorbia,
crassulas and agaves are all succulents but each
appears distinctively different. All cacti are succulents
but all spiny or sharply pointed hairs arranged in
clusters separated by areas of spineless skin, the most
likely is a cactus.
Shrubs
Shrubs are available for almost any use in the terrace garden. The best shrubs for permanent landscaping are those that
grow quite slowly but once established, maintain their character year after year. Shrubs grow almost free of care other than
occasional pruning. Evergreen shrubs are most popular where weather conditions are hospitable. In colder climates of
course deciduous shrubs are favoured because their foliage blocks sunrays in summer and a bare branch allows heat in
winter. Some shrubs need space to grow. E.g. Firebush, Cape honey suckle
Lawn
Lawn is a major vegetation element in design of terrace garden. It can control heat and glare of sun. It gives pleasant feeling
to eyes. It is used for aesthetical purpose also. Lawns are also use din combination with other landscape element like
paving material. There are four types of gras which are mainly adopted for the purpose of creating a lawn on the terrace.
1. Hariyali is the most common. It grows vigorously and spreads uniformly. It does not require much attention for
maintenance. Lot of water and sunlight is required.
2. Blue grass has soft texture with bluish tint. It has velvet texture but it doesn't grow uniformly. It is very delicate and
requires more maintenance. It is not suitable for active recreation.
1. Crab grass has good spreading characteristic. It grows in humid zones also. It can grow under certain percentage of
shade. Crab grass is suitable for active recreation also.
2. Dichondra has tiny circular leaves and spreads uniformly. It is suitable for rock garden; grass jointed paving and general purpose.
Green Roof
Cacti and Succulents
Cacti are remarkable for tolerating much neglect
and growing in locations where few other plants can
succeed. Nearly all cacti originated in the desert of the
African continents. There are many forms of cacti, such
as globular, columnar, segmental, crystal and even
monstrous. The growing of exotic varieties such as the
Maryad Pin Cushion Species of Mammilaria, Pigmy
Cactus, Rebutia which has spectacular blooms, can be
most rewarding experience and is relatively easy.
Larger and sturdier succulents like Opunita and Yucca
can be planted outdoors in bright sunlight, the smaller
more delicate and flowering plants can be grown in
house placed indoors to provide exotic decor. Cacti
should always be watered whenever the soil looks dry.
Over watering is not good for cacti. Add extra sand
coarse grit to soil mixture to ensure good drainage.
Once a year or when roots have filled the pot, cacti need
to be re-potted in a pot, one size larger than the
previous or old one.
Succulents Succulents are one of the fascinating groups of
plants in the entire plant world. Cacti- euphorbia,
crassulas and agaves are all succulents but each
appears distinctively different. All cacti are succulents
but all spiny or sharply pointed hairs arranged in
clusters separated by areas of spineless skin, the most
likely is a cactus.
Floral plant
Bougainvillea
enchanting, climbingand blooming.... all the time
by: N. Chandramohan Reddy
They are here, there, everywhere. Tempering the grumpy black tar from the avenue margins, flowing over the unyielding high walls, these effusive whites, pinks, yellows, magentas, purples, violets and reds often splash the earth beneath in ultrathin hues. If anything stops them from being admired by a common man, it is solely their abundance. Bougainvillea is truly the Cinderella of our backyard! Yet, one would be surprised to know that the plant is not the native of India. Bougainvillea, though originating from South America, is a popular ornamental plant grown in warm climates throughout the world.
The Genus Bougainvillea, from the taxonomic family Nyctaginaceae, has about 14 species, among which three are important in terms of horticulture -Bougainvillea spectabilis, Bougainvillea glabra, and Bougainvillea peruviana. Crosses among the various species have produced new hybrids making available numerous cultivars with a striking array of colours. Single and double flower forms too are available.
Bougainvillea is a fast growing, woody, evergreen, thorny, multi-stemmed, ever-blooming climbing shrub. It climbs by sending out slender arching shoots armed with stiff thorns. Bougainvillea is deciduous when grown in areas with a long dry season.
Leaves are simple and alternate. They are mid green to deep green, though some cultivars have variegated foliage.
Actual flower of the plant is small, tubular, commonly white or yellow, but each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six papery bracts (hence the name paper flower!) in
Bougainvillea is a fast growing, woody, evergreen, thorny, multi-stemmed, ever-blooming climbing shrub
bright colours. The bracts of many cultivars change their colour from emergence to maturity. They retain their colour for several months after the flowers have finished, fading away gradually.
Bougainvillea grows best in full sun. Low light and shady areas are not suitable, and make the plants drop their bracts. The plant does best at elevations from sea level to 2,500 feet, and grows well in rich, well-drained soils. This drought tolerant plant does not thrive in soil that is constantly wet.
Gardening
Characteristics
Bougainvillea's growth habit and beautiful showy bracts make it a popular plant for gardens. It is used in mass plantings, as shrubs or bushes. For large, difficult-to-maintain areas, bougainvillea is an excellent ground cover. It can cover a whole hillside and will control weed growth. It can be trained into various shapes and makes good Bonsai.
Bougainvillea can be trained as a “standard,” a small tree with a single trunk, or over arbours, onto walls, or to cascade down a slope. It is also used as hedge or barrier plant, as a specimen plant, in hanging baskets and in containers. Generally Bougainvillea is planted a little away from the walkways to prevent anyone being scratched by the thorns.
For profuse flowering in Bougainvillea, one must avoid overwatering, total shade, heavy fertilising with nitrogen and frequent pruning.
Bougainvillea tolerates drying, and irrigation should be adjusted accordingly. Yet, they should not be allowed to dry completely. Avoid planting in the lawns. Don't put a bougainvillea next to a pool since it would necessitate frequent cleaning. Organic fertilizer amendments or controlled-release fertilizers should be used to moderate nitrogen release. At planting, amend the soil with a fertilizer high in Phosphate. Excessive fertilizer will promote vegetative growth and inhibit blooming.
Unless planted to cover larger areas, Bougainvillea will need periodic trimming. Caution should be exercised while pruning as they have stiff thorns, hence difficult to handle!
Bougainvillea responds well to pruning. If not pruned regularly, bougainvillea grows into a tangled mass. Flowers are borne on new growth, so pinching and pruning is necessary to induce new growth.
Too frequent a pruning could also inhibit flowering. Hence, it should be done once the flowering is finished, as this encourages new growth on which the next flush of flowers will occur. Suckers from the plant's base should be pruned to encourage top growth. Dead wood should be removed as it appears.
Maintenance
Trimming & Pruning
Floral plant
Bougainvillea
enchanting, climbingand blooming.... all the time
by: N. Chandramohan Reddy
They are here, there, everywhere. Tempering the grumpy black tar from the avenue margins, flowing over the unyielding high walls, these effusive whites, pinks, yellows, magentas, purples, violets and reds often splash the earth beneath in ultrathin hues. If anything stops them from being admired by a common man, it is solely their abundance. Bougainvillea is truly the Cinderella of our backyard! Yet, one would be surprised to know that the plant is not the native of India. Bougainvillea, though originating from South America, is a popular ornamental plant grown in warm climates throughout the world.
The Genus Bougainvillea, from the taxonomic family Nyctaginaceae, has about 14 species, among which three are important in terms of horticulture -Bougainvillea spectabilis, Bougainvillea glabra, and Bougainvillea peruviana. Crosses among the various species have produced new hybrids making available numerous cultivars with a striking array of colours. Single and double flower forms too are available.
Bougainvillea is a fast growing, woody, evergreen, thorny, multi-stemmed, ever-blooming climbing shrub. It climbs by sending out slender arching shoots armed with stiff thorns. Bougainvillea is deciduous when grown in areas with a long dry season.
Leaves are simple and alternate. They are mid green to deep green, though some cultivars have variegated foliage.
Actual flower of the plant is small, tubular, commonly white or yellow, but each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six papery bracts (hence the name paper flower!) in
Bougainvillea is a fast growing, woody, evergreen, thorny, multi-stemmed, ever-blooming climbing shrub
bright colours. The bracts of many cultivars change their colour from emergence to maturity. They retain their colour for several months after the flowers have finished, fading away gradually.
Bougainvillea grows best in full sun. Low light and shady areas are not suitable, and make the plants drop their bracts. The plant does best at elevations from sea level to 2,500 feet, and grows well in rich, well-drained soils. This drought tolerant plant does not thrive in soil that is constantly wet.
Gardening
Characteristics
Bougainvillea's growth habit and beautiful showy bracts make it a popular plant for gardens. It is used in mass plantings, as shrubs or bushes. For large, difficult-to-maintain areas, bougainvillea is an excellent ground cover. It can cover a whole hillside and will control weed growth. It can be trained into various shapes and makes good Bonsai.
Bougainvillea can be trained as a “standard,” a small tree with a single trunk, or over arbours, onto walls, or to cascade down a slope. It is also used as hedge or barrier plant, as a specimen plant, in hanging baskets and in containers. Generally Bougainvillea is planted a little away from the walkways to prevent anyone being scratched by the thorns.
For profuse flowering in Bougainvillea, one must avoid overwatering, total shade, heavy fertilising with nitrogen and frequent pruning.
Bougainvillea tolerates drying, and irrigation should be adjusted accordingly. Yet, they should not be allowed to dry completely. Avoid planting in the lawns. Don't put a bougainvillea next to a pool since it would necessitate frequent cleaning. Organic fertilizer amendments or controlled-release fertilizers should be used to moderate nitrogen release. At planting, amend the soil with a fertilizer high in Phosphate. Excessive fertilizer will promote vegetative growth and inhibit blooming.
Unless planted to cover larger areas, Bougainvillea will need periodic trimming. Caution should be exercised while pruning as they have stiff thorns, hence difficult to handle!
Bougainvillea responds well to pruning. If not pruned regularly, bougainvillea grows into a tangled mass. Flowers are borne on new growth, so pinching and pruning is necessary to induce new growth.
Too frequent a pruning could also inhibit flowering. Hence, it should be done once the flowering is finished, as this encourages new growth on which the next flush of flowers will occur. Suckers from the plant's base should be pruned to encourage top growth. Dead wood should be removed as it appears.
Maintenance
Trimming & Pruning
OBITUARY
Tributes to Nursery industry pioneer Sri Pulla Nageswararao.
The nursery industry of India has lost great horticulture pioneer in the death of Pulla Nageswara Rao, Managing director of Sri Satyadeva Nursery, on July 29,2012. A well known name in national and international nursery sector, Rao was noted for his high standards, extreme dedication and humble nature that inspire many to take nursery business as profession. Rao was born in 1949 and started his carrier as a worker in a floriculture farm and later on played a major role in catapulting Sri Satyadeva nursery to top position in Kadiyam and beyond.
It's impossible to convey the amount of horticultural knowledge that has vanished from our midst with the passing on of great horticulturists. Rao was among the most unassuming people that ever lived. Although one of the greatest sources of nursery, botanical, and horticultural knowledge ever, he never considered himself anything more than an underachieving amateur.
Although considered primarily a pioneer in the modern use of native plants in landscape, he was really much more. He was an adventurous gardener, he didn't stop there. He also became a role model to live by. Rao's goal in life was to work at what he loved to do and share it with the world. Rao did that well than anyone. Perhaps more important than the plants or the gardens, maybe Rao's greatest talent was in putting people together. For every nurserymen and floriculturist, he would always be remembered as the great nursery man. The industry would always miss him profoundly.
Floriculture and nursery industry mourn his loss and expresses heart-felt condolences to his family and Satyadeva nursery management.
Timing of flowering
Pot culture
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Bougainvillea will flower profusely in high light intensities, moderate temperatures, and longer nights. Shorter day enhance flowering. Heavy shade inhibits flowering. Drought stress can stimulate flowering even under long day lengths. Allow plants to dry just to the point of wilting to induce flowering.
Container plants should be placed in bright light or near a window. In low-light indoors, their need for good sunlight leads to leaf drop. The medium needs to be well drained.
Plants should be watered when the medium surface becomes dry. Profuse, but not-so-frequent watering is better than frequent, sparse watering.
Prune young plants to encourage a framework of strong shoots emerging from the base. Prune and shape plants after they flower, maintaining a height of about three feet.
Bougainvillea can be easily propagated through stem cuttings. The cuttings should be thick and have at least three to five nodes. Use a well drained rooting medium. Insert cuttings 1–2 inches into the medium and water thoroughly. Cuttings may be rooted directly in pots. Till rooting occurs, the pots may be kept in semi-shade so as not to let the plant wilt.
Rooting time is about one to two months, depending on the variety. Fungicide application at the time of planting and again after transplanting helps prevent root rot. Bougainvillea can also be propagated through leaf-bud cuttings and grafting. Also one can have blooms of many more colours in a single plant by grafting lef-buds of different cultivars to the same plant!
With appropriate cultural practices, Bougainvillea plants are pest free and disease resistant. But very rarely they may suffer from the insect pests like aphids, caterpillars, scale insects, thrips and white flies. The common diseases are leaf-spots and root-rot. These problems can be overcome by application of insecticides or fungicides, in minor doses.
OBITUARY
Tributes to Nursery industry pioneer Sri Pulla Nageswararao.
The nursery industry of India has lost great horticulture pioneer in the death of Pulla Nageswara Rao, Managing director of Sri Satyadeva Nursery, on July 29,2012. A well known name in national and international nursery sector, Rao was noted for his high standards, extreme dedication and humble nature that inspire many to take nursery business as profession. Rao was born in 1949 and started his carrier as a worker in a floriculture farm and later on played a major role in catapulting Sri Satyadeva nursery to top position in Kadiyam and beyond.
It's impossible to convey the amount of horticultural knowledge that has vanished from our midst with the passing on of great horticulturists. Rao was among the most unassuming people that ever lived. Although one of the greatest sources of nursery, botanical, and horticultural knowledge ever, he never considered himself anything more than an underachieving amateur.
Although considered primarily a pioneer in the modern use of native plants in landscape, he was really much more. He was an adventurous gardener, he didn't stop there. He also became a role model to live by. Rao's goal in life was to work at what he loved to do and share it with the world. Rao did that well than anyone. Perhaps more important than the plants or the gardens, maybe Rao's greatest talent was in putting people together. For every nurserymen and floriculturist, he would always be remembered as the great nursery man. The industry would always miss him profoundly.
Floriculture and nursery industry mourn his loss and expresses heart-felt condolences to his family and Satyadeva nursery management.
Timing of flowering
Pot culture
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Bougainvillea will flower profusely in high light intensities, moderate temperatures, and longer nights. Shorter day enhance flowering. Heavy shade inhibits flowering. Drought stress can stimulate flowering even under long day lengths. Allow plants to dry just to the point of wilting to induce flowering.
Container plants should be placed in bright light or near a window. In low-light indoors, their need for good sunlight leads to leaf drop. The medium needs to be well drained.
Plants should be watered when the medium surface becomes dry. Profuse, but not-so-frequent watering is better than frequent, sparse watering.
Prune young plants to encourage a framework of strong shoots emerging from the base. Prune and shape plants after they flower, maintaining a height of about three feet.
Bougainvillea can be easily propagated through stem cuttings. The cuttings should be thick and have at least three to five nodes. Use a well drained rooting medium. Insert cuttings 1–2 inches into the medium and water thoroughly. Cuttings may be rooted directly in pots. Till rooting occurs, the pots may be kept in semi-shade so as not to let the plant wilt.
Rooting time is about one to two months, depending on the variety. Fungicide application at the time of planting and again after transplanting helps prevent root rot. Bougainvillea can also be propagated through leaf-bud cuttings and grafting. Also one can have blooms of many more colours in a single plant by grafting lef-buds of different cultivars to the same plant!
With appropriate cultural practices, Bougainvillea plants are pest free and disease resistant. But very rarely they may suffer from the insect pests like aphids, caterpillars, scale insects, thrips and white flies. The common diseases are leaf-spots and root-rot. These problems can be overcome by application of insecticides or fungicides, in minor doses.
Mr. B. R. Pandit
Personality
Story of passionate Art of Pottery
brings out different colours on his pots, especially Celadon, inspired by his visits to Thailand and Malaysia. Devkiji and Khushboo work together on the Raku smoke-firing technique, burnishing leather-hard pots with patience, applying resist on bisque-fired surfaces and then allowing smoke to play its role in imbuing the hues and patterns on their pots.
The Pandit family lives and works in Mumbai.
Pottery is a language that the five-member Pandit family across two generations speaks innately and passionately; it is a craft that bonds the family together. One of India's most distinguished potters, Bramhdeo Ram Pandit or Panditji as he is respectfully known, and his wife Devkiji, come from families of traditional potters in Bihar with an inheritance of long-established forms and techniques.
Born in Bihar, his great grandfather Murthi Pandit made traditional pottery under British rule and then his son Ram Pandit continued the same tradition after independence. The third generation potter Brahmadeo Pandit began his
career at Sokodevra Ashram at the age of 19. For someone who is traditionally from the Kumbhar family making utensils, the move to studio pottery is remarkable indeed.
He moved to Mumbai in 1971 via the KVIC Central Village Pottery Institute at Khanapur (1970) and a working stint with L R Ajgaonkar. He also studied semi-formally at the Handicraft Teacher Training College, Mumbai (1973) at the J J School of Art, Mumbai (1975), at Regional Pottery Training Centre, Bhadrawati (1975), at Garhi, New Delhi (1981), and Workshop training in Japan (1989). In Mumbai Panditji built his studio in Bhayander, now an impressive three-storeyed factory that creates glazed tableware for premium hotel chains and lifestyle stores. His sons, Abhay and
Shailesh, trained at home under their parents and then went on to train at Golden Bridge Pottery, Pondicherry. In 2005 Abhay apprenticed under Peter Fraser Beard in UK, on a Charles Wallace Scholarship. Abhay married Khushboo, a trained painter but also from a family of potters, and on his return from the UK, introduced his mother and wife to the beauty of smoke-firing that he was exposed to in the works of Ashraf Hanna, Tim Andrews and David Roberts that he saw in the UK. An acknowledged master of glazes, B R Pandit's work is distinguished by his sparkling red copper-reduction glazed pots, the mottled blue soda-fired glazed pots and chatter-marked pots. Abhay and Shailesh are strong in thrown forms. While Abhay creates textures with wire-cut techniques and tools and by adding fine strips of clay, Shailesh
Family
Mr. B. R. Pandit
Personality
Story of passionate Art of Pottery
brings out different colours on his pots, especially Celadon, inspired by his visits to Thailand and Malaysia. Devkiji and Khushboo work together on the Raku smoke-firing technique, burnishing leather-hard pots with patience, applying resist on bisque-fired surfaces and then allowing smoke to play its role in imbuing the hues and patterns on their pots.
The Pandit family lives and works in Mumbai.
Pottery is a language that the five-member Pandit family across two generations speaks innately and passionately; it is a craft that bonds the family together. One of India's most distinguished potters, Bramhdeo Ram Pandit or Panditji as he is respectfully known, and his wife Devkiji, come from families of traditional potters in Bihar with an inheritance of long-established forms and techniques.
Born in Bihar, his great grandfather Murthi Pandit made traditional pottery under British rule and then his son Ram Pandit continued the same tradition after independence. The third generation potter Brahmadeo Pandit began his
career at Sokodevra Ashram at the age of 19. For someone who is traditionally from the Kumbhar family making utensils, the move to studio pottery is remarkable indeed.
He moved to Mumbai in 1971 via the KVIC Central Village Pottery Institute at Khanapur (1970) and a working stint with L R Ajgaonkar. He also studied semi-formally at the Handicraft Teacher Training College, Mumbai (1973) at the J J School of Art, Mumbai (1975), at Regional Pottery Training Centre, Bhadrawati (1975), at Garhi, New Delhi (1981), and Workshop training in Japan (1989). In Mumbai Panditji built his studio in Bhayander, now an impressive three-storeyed factory that creates glazed tableware for premium hotel chains and lifestyle stores. His sons, Abhay and
Shailesh, trained at home under their parents and then went on to train at Golden Bridge Pottery, Pondicherry. In 2005 Abhay apprenticed under Peter Fraser Beard in UK, on a Charles Wallace Scholarship. Abhay married Khushboo, a trained painter but also from a family of potters, and on his return from the UK, introduced his mother and wife to the beauty of smoke-firing that he was exposed to in the works of Ashraf Hanna, Tim Andrews and David Roberts that he saw in the UK. An acknowledged master of glazes, B R Pandit's work is distinguished by his sparkling red copper-reduction glazed pots, the mottled blue soda-fired glazed pots and chatter-marked pots. Abhay and Shailesh are strong in thrown forms. While Abhay creates textures with wire-cut techniques and tools and by adding fine strips of clay, Shailesh
Family
Common name :
Regional name :
Family :
Category :
Light :
Water :
Flowering season :
Flower or Inflorescence color :
Foliage color :
Plant Height or length :
Plant Spread or Width :
Plant Form :
Special Character :
Generally available in India in
quantities of :
Plant Description :
Growing tips :
Know your plant
Bird Of Paradise, Crane Flower
Marathi - Bop, Bird Of Paradise
Musaceae or Banana family
Sun growing, Semi shade
Normal, Can tolerate less, Can tolerate more
Year-around flowering, Flowers in flushes throughout the year
Orange, Blue
Green
1 to 2 meters
50 cms to 100 cms
Upright or Erect
• Rare Plant or difficult to get plant • Good for Cut flowers • Good for Cut foliage • Good for Hedges and Borders • Suitable for road median planting • Must have for Farm house or big gardens
Over thousands
Shrubs, Terrific Tropicals The Ideal Gifts
StrelitziaFarming tips :
• A bold structural plant. The flowers are amongst the prettiest in the world. They look like a tropical bird in flight.• Is a relative of the common banana.
• Large evergreen clumps of stiff leaves growing up from the base.• The grey - green banana like leaves grow about 1.5 m in height and the
flowers stand above the foliage at the tips of long stalks.• The flowers emerge one at a time from the spathe.• They consist of 3 brilliant
orange sepals and 2 bright blue petals.• Flowers are long lasting - given a choice the flowers should be left on the
plants - as they last much longer there. • Clumps get bigger in time. As they get older the number of flowers and
flowering months increase.
• A mild climate is required. Medium humidity with not too high temperatures are suitable. Plants cannot tolerate frost.
• Plants do well in full sun as well as semi shade. However they flower much more in shade.
• Plants grow well a rich loamy soil.• Plants require plenty of water throughout the year to grow and flower well.
• • The plant slow growing. Small plants will take 2 to 4 years for first bloom.• Young strelitzia plants must be grown is shade for the leaves tend to burn in
direct sunlight.• The soil should be well drained and fertile.• Plants can be planted in a protected yet sunny spot in lawns.
• Bird of Paradise is a commercially grown crop. It is grown for its flowers.• The flowers are long lasting and in good demand for making flower
arrangements.• It is best to start a new plantation from seed grown plants. These are
vigorous and grow quickly and evenly.• In areas with mild summers like Bangalore, Pune, Baroda, Indore plants can
be grown outside in full sunlight. In areas of harsh summer months (hot and dry) plants should be covered with 50% shade nets in summer.
• Planting can be done at a spacing of 1.5 meters in rows spaced 2.5 meters apart.
• Soil preparation should be dug by making pits of 60 x 60 x 60 cms and adding 50 kgs of farm yard manure, 250 grams super phosphate and 50 grams of Follidol dust.
• Irrigate thoroughly after planting. Drip irrigation is recommended as it saves water and labour.
• Seedlings start flowering in second to third year. Commercial yields begin after the fourth year.
• Flowers should be harvested when the first florets emerge. • Manures and fertilizers should be added 3 to 4 times a year for sustained yields.• The plantation should be kept clean and free of weeds.• One of the main advantages with bird of paradise flowers is that need not be
harvested every day. They can be harvested even a month after the first flowers appear. This makes the marketing easy.
• Leaves too can be cut and used for making flower arrangements.
Grow them in large pots that could be moved indoors when plants bloom.
Common name :
Regional name :
Family :
Category :
Light :
Water :
Flowering season :
Flower or Inflorescence color :
Foliage color :
Plant Height or length :
Plant Spread or Width :
Plant Form :
Special Character :
Generally available in India in
quantities of :
Plant Description :
Growing tips :
Know your plant
Bird Of Paradise, Crane Flower
Marathi - Bop, Bird Of Paradise
Musaceae or Banana family
Sun growing, Semi shade
Normal, Can tolerate less, Can tolerate more
Year-around flowering, Flowers in flushes throughout the year
Orange, Blue
Green
1 to 2 meters
50 cms to 100 cms
Upright or Erect
• Rare Plant or difficult to get plant • Good for Cut flowers • Good for Cut foliage • Good for Hedges and Borders • Suitable for road median planting • Must have for Farm house or big gardens
Over thousands
Shrubs, Terrific Tropicals The Ideal Gifts
StrelitziaFarming tips :
• A bold structural plant. The flowers are amongst the prettiest in the world. They look like a tropical bird in flight.• Is a relative of the common banana.
• Large evergreen clumps of stiff leaves growing up from the base.• The grey - green banana like leaves grow about 1.5 m in height and the
flowers stand above the foliage at the tips of long stalks.• The flowers emerge one at a time from the spathe.• They consist of 3 brilliant
orange sepals and 2 bright blue petals.• Flowers are long lasting - given a choice the flowers should be left on the
plants - as they last much longer there. • Clumps get bigger in time. As they get older the number of flowers and
flowering months increase.
• A mild climate is required. Medium humidity with not too high temperatures are suitable. Plants cannot tolerate frost.
• Plants do well in full sun as well as semi shade. However they flower much more in shade.
• Plants grow well a rich loamy soil.• Plants require plenty of water throughout the year to grow and flower well.
• • The plant slow growing. Small plants will take 2 to 4 years for first bloom.• Young strelitzia plants must be grown is shade for the leaves tend to burn in
direct sunlight.• The soil should be well drained and fertile.• Plants can be planted in a protected yet sunny spot in lawns.
• Bird of Paradise is a commercially grown crop. It is grown for its flowers.• The flowers are long lasting and in good demand for making flower
arrangements.• It is best to start a new plantation from seed grown plants. These are
vigorous and grow quickly and evenly.• In areas with mild summers like Bangalore, Pune, Baroda, Indore plants can
be grown outside in full sunlight. In areas of harsh summer months (hot and dry) plants should be covered with 50% shade nets in summer.
• Planting can be done at a spacing of 1.5 meters in rows spaced 2.5 meters apart.
• Soil preparation should be dug by making pits of 60 x 60 x 60 cms and adding 50 kgs of farm yard manure, 250 grams super phosphate and 50 grams of Follidol dust.
• Irrigate thoroughly after planting. Drip irrigation is recommended as it saves water and labour.
• Seedlings start flowering in second to third year. Commercial yields begin after the fourth year.
• Flowers should be harvested when the first florets emerge. • Manures and fertilizers should be added 3 to 4 times a year for sustained yields.• The plantation should be kept clean and free of weeds.• One of the main advantages with bird of paradise flowers is that need not be
harvested every day. They can be harvested even a month after the first flowers appear. This makes the marketing easy.
• Leaves too can be cut and used for making flower arrangements.
Grow them in large pots that could be moved indoors when plants bloom.
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Through innovative product development, Rain Bird is helping sustain healthier landscapes—and a healthier planet.A lush lawn or colorful garden can also be highly water-e? c cient. Every Rain Bird
product is a testament to that truth. From water-saving nozzles to sprays with
pressure-regulating stems to leading-edge Smart Control Technology, Rain Bird
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Keeping the world and your backyard beautiful. That’s The Intelligent Use of Water.™
Learn more about Rain Bird’s
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Preserving beauty while conserving water.
That’s intelligent.
Maharashtra/Goa/Madhya PradeshAditi Irrigation Technologies Pvt. Ltd.09920038129, 09325917274, 09373352312
North IndiaHarvel Irrigations Pvt. Ltd.09810067057, 9958597680, 09558815317
Gujarat/OrissaIntegrated Flowtech Pvt. Ltd.09879002613, 09825026613
Andhra PradeshKBS Associates09346197715, 09396997715
Tamilnadu/Karnataka/KeralaShiva Exports 09443360700
Authorised Distributors
Through innovative product development, Rain Bird is helping sustain healthier landscapes—and a healthier planet.A lush lawn or colorful garden can also be highly water-e? c cient. Every Rain Bird
product is a testament to that truth. From water-saving nozzles to sprays with
pressure-regulating stems to leading-edge Smart Control Technology, Rain Bird
products make the most of every drop, delivering superior results with less water.
Keeping the world and your backyard beautiful. That’s The Intelligent Use of Water.™
Learn more about Rain Bird’s
commitment to water-efficient products
at www.rainbird.com/iuow
Preserving beauty while conserving water.
That’s intelligent.
Maharashtra/Goa/Madhya PradeshAditi Irrigation Technologies Pvt. Ltd.09920038129, 09325917274, 09373352312
North IndiaHarvel Irrigations Pvt. Ltd.09810067057, 9958597680, 09558815317
Gujarat/OrissaIntegrated Flowtech Pvt. Ltd.09879002613, 09825026613
Andhra PradeshKBS Associates09346197715, 09396997715
Tamilnadu/Karnataka/KeralaShiva Exports 09443360700
Authorised Distributors
NURSERYTECHNIQUES
Vol.3 | Issue 9 & 10 - 2012 Rs. 50 | September & October |
Landscaping & Outdoor Living
India’s Leading Magazine for Landscaping, Gardening, Golf, Nurseries, Arboriculture & Outdoor Living
