King Ptolemy I Soter asked Euclid if there was a shorter road to learning geometry.Euclid replied: “There is no royal road to geometry.”

Likewise…

Seminar 1: PART A - historical overview and emergence of the discipline.PART B – Understanding ecosystem and its implications for Landscape Design Processes.

Seminar 2: Case studies: some projects based on the ecosystem approach. Understanding ecological services.

Seminar 3: Design Principles in Landscape Architecture.

Lascaux Cave Paintings – 30,000 – 10,000 BC

Seven Barrows, Around 2500 BC Wiltshire, England.

Menec Alignment –around 2500 BC.Carnac, Brittany, France.

Nazca Lines, Peru, 500 B.C-500A.D.

Mesopotamian civilizations and the fertile crescent

A diagram explaining emergence of a

“Landscape Place”.

Artists reconstruction of hanging gardens of Babylon

Artists reconstruction of hanging gardens of Babylon

Scenes of hunting – Assyrian carved panels. 1350 BC onwards.

The homes of the rich were low, flat roofed and made of temporary materials such as clay and timber.The monuments were Granite or Limestone.

The Garden scene from tomb at Thebes.

•The garden suggests decorative use of plants such as vine trellis and pomegranate.•Importations such as Apple, Almonds, Jasmine and Myrrh.•Large gardens had water pools with boats inside for reclining and leisure.• The gardens are surrounded by low walls.• The further divisions are low mud or dry stone walls.• the entrance has tree shaded canals.• on either side of the house are pavilion overlooking flowers and pool planted with lotuses and teeming with ducks swimming in them.• inside the surrounding walls is a screen of Date palms and other smaller trees.

Hypostyle Hall at Karnak temple

Depiction of Botanical gardens.

Depiction of Botanical gardens.

Depiction of Botanical gardens.

Depiction of Botanical gardens.

The round city Baghdad-founded by Caliph-al-Mansur as new capital of Abbasid dynasty in 762 AD.

Ancient town of Samarra 850AD and its Great Mosque and the Manaretal-Malwiya.

“Both owe inspiration to other civilisations, for the Islamic Arabs had no architectural traditions of their own.”Landscape of Man – Jeffrey Jellicoe.

Nagsh-e-jahan

Court of Lions.

Court of the Canal

Patio de los Cipreses

The oldest Mughal garden surviving, Rambagh, built by Babur 1528 AD

Taj Mahal 1643 AD

Leon Batista Alberti (1404-1472 AD).He was an Architect, Poet, Priest who had the greatestinfluence on Renaissance architecture.In 1431 AD he travelled to Rome and was fascinated by ancient architecture.He wrote book De Re Aedificatoria which was heavilyinfluenced by the writings of Vitruvius (46 BC-15 AD). Vitruvius was a Roman architect and engineer and had written extensive treatise on architecture called De-Architectura Alberti in his books wrote extensively about various aspects of architecture from siting to construction. He reintroduced the Villa type abandoned after the Romans and also laid down may suggestions for site selection and design of gardens.

Age of Reason and Italian Renaissance.

http://www.slideshare.net/badrinadh/french-gardensland-scaping

Romantic Movement and English Romanticism

Comparison between plan form from renaissance times to English gardens.

Informal and Formal Landscapes.

Vaux Le Vicomte, France, 1658-1661. Andre le Notre

Stourhead Estate, England, 1721-1725. Colen Campbell

American urbanisation and its effects. Industrial revolution, Congestion, Pollution and Capitalism.

Central park, New York. Frederick Law Olmstead

The watershed moment for Landscape Architecture and emergence of the discipline.

The design of local landscapes should always be considered in the context of the global environment. This is of particular importance in relation to sustainability and the need to

protect natural places, systems and resources.Landscapes are part of natural systems which support life.

Catherine Dee,Senior Lecturer in Landscape Design,

Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield, UK.

Landscape architecture modifies or harnesses natural processes for human purposes through construction and management. The aims of design are often to conserve, protect or enhance natural environments or to regenerate natural systems in places which have been contaminated or laid waste. The primary natural systems and elements that form the context for, and may be altered in, landscape design are briefly:• local climate• local hydrology• local geology and geomorphology• local soils• local vegetation• local air• local fauna• local ecosystems (the interaction of all of the above).

Hydrology

Stream order and watershed

Any development has to be cognizant of the lie of the land and how the water is going to move over the surface as well as how much is it going to seep in.

Many factors can affect how long it takes for an inch of topsoil to form, but it

normally takes at least 100 years and often over 500 years.

Thank you for your PATIENCE