LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David...
-
Upload
leon-lilly -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David...
![Page 1: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LANDSATAug 31, 2011
Sediment transport and deposition:salinity fronts and storm eventsDavid Ralston, Rocky Geyer,John Warner, Gary Wall
Hudson River Science SymposiumSUNY New Paltz – April 24, 2013
![Page 2: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ETM
RiverOcean
Marinesediment
Fluvialsediment
deposition
Estuaries efficiently trap sediment
30 psu15 psu
1 psu
High sediment concentrations and deposition rates, efficient trapping
How does the Hudson compare with this cartoon?
stratified unstratified
estuarine circulation seaward flow
![Page 3: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hudson River estuary
Poughkeepsie
Haverstraw Bay
Tappan Zee
GW Bridge
Battery
120 km
60 km
45 km
18 km
0 km
Hig
h Q
r
Salin
ity intr
usi
on a
t lo
w Q
r
Average sediment input ~0.5 Mtons/yr
Newburgh Bay
95 km
![Page 4: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NYC
AtlanticOcean
Lower Hudson ETM: near GW Bridge high deposition rates
June 1998
0 50 cm Woodruff et al. 2001
June 1999
![Page 5: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AtlanticOcean
Geyer et al. 2001
Lower Hudson ETM: near GW Bridge high deposition rates high sediment concentrations (>1 g/L)BUT, at intermediate salinities, not at salinity limit
![Page 6: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NYC
AtlanticOcean
Nitsche et al., 2010
Upper Hudson ETM? Haverstraw Bay
High deposition rates in Haverstraw;frequent dredging
![Page 7: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Upper Hudson ETM: Haverstraw Bay
Ralston et al., 2012
Suspended sediment concentration
Salinity
High sediment concentrations observed at flood tide salinity fronts
![Page 8: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Salinity intrusion
bottom salinityN S N S N S N S N S
Advances during neap tides, retreats during spring tides
Dis
tance
fro
m B
att
ery
(km
)
model results, Fall 2009
![Page 9: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Frontal locations distributed along the estuary
bottom salinity gradient (s/x)
At constrictions: salinity gradient intensified and persistent
model results, Fall 2009
Piermont
GW Bridge
Croton Pt.
West PointD
ista
nce
fro
m B
att
ery
(km
)
![Page 10: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Salinity + bathy
bottom stress + sal.
SSC + velocityerosion/deposition + sal.
Net over 1 tidal cycleSlack before flood
Salinity front sediment trapping: Haverstraw Bay
model results, Fall 2009
![Page 11: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Slack before flood Net over 1 tidal cycle
salinity + bathy
stress + sal.
SSC + velocity
erosion/deposition + sal.
Salinity front sediment trapping: GW Bridge
model results, Fall 2009
![Page 12: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee
Mohawk River @ Cohoes 8/29/11, 2.2 g/L (G. Wall)
Extremely high discharge: introduce new sediment, push salt seaward added almost 3 Mton of new sediment to the Hudson where did it go?
![Page 13: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee: discharge and sediment flux net sediment flux past Poughkeepsie only ~ 1/3 total input model consistent with observed fluxes
data from USGS & HRECOS
3-2riversediment ~ QQ
![Page 14: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Where did the new sediment go?
Mass distributions along the Hudson through time
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee
Irene start
Irene end
model results
![Page 15: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Where did the new sediment go?
Mass distributions along the Hudson through time
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee
Before Lee
After Lee
model results
![Page 16: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where did the new sediment go?
Mass distributions along the Hudson through time
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee
1 mo. after Lee
model results
![Page 17: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
New sediment largely in the tidal river
Sediment in estuary remobilized by increased velocities & reduced stratification
Irene and LeeSuspended sediment
model results
![Page 18: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
New sediment deposition
1 month after Tropical Storm Lee
Bed sediment erosion & deposition
model results
![Page 19: LANDSAT Aug 31, 2011 Sediment transport and deposition: salinity fronts and storm events David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032517/56649cac5503460f9496de24/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Summary
- Salinity fronts at topographic transitions trap sediment at multiple locations in estuary
- Sediment loading from extreme events greatly exceeds near-term transport capacity, with trapping in both tidal river and estuaryWhat’s next?
Transport and trapping processes in tidal river not well documented or understood
Extreme events remobilize bed sediments in estuary, potentially with contaminants that had been sequestered
Sediment residence times may be much longer than thought, limiting export of carbon and other terrigenous material to the ocean