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LANDASAN TEORI PROGRAMrepository.unika.ac.id/11895/1/12.11.0123 LTP Faricha... · 2016. 10. 3. ·...
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015/2016
LANDASAN TEORI PROGRAM
MIXED USE BUILDING
DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Kontekstual
Permasalahan Dominan
Penerapan Green Space Pada Ruang Terbuka Untuk
Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh :
FARICHA PUTRI A – 12.11.0123
Dosen Pembimbing :
Ir. AFRIYANTO SOFYAN St.B , MT
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Unika Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Mixed Use Building
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual
Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green space pada ruang terbuka untuk
meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan
Penyusun : Faricha Putri A
NIM : 12.11.0123
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.
NIDN : 0616046301
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan
Dekan Ketua
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. PhD. Dr. Ir. Krisprantono PhD
NIDN 0626076501 NIDN 0616085701
iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Unika Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Mixed Use Building
Tema Desain : Arsitektur kontekstual
Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green space pada ruang terbuka untuk
meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan
Penyusun : Faricha Putri A
NIM : 12.11.0123
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.
Penguji :
Semarang, April 2016
Pembimbing
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B. MT.
NIDN. 0616046301
Penguji Penguji Penguji
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. CH.Koesmartadi, MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
NIDN. 0628126101 NIDN. 0616035901 NIDN. 0601035401
iv
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya :
Nama : Faricha Putri A
NIM : 12.11.0123
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode
semester genap, 2015 / 2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur
dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Judul : Mixed Use Building di Kota Surakarta
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontekstual
Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Green Space pada Ruang Terbuka untuk
Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B ,MT.
NIDN : 0616046301
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, bila dikemudian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi
dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas
siap menerima segala konsekuennya.
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Penulis,
Faricha Putri Aulia
NIM : 12.11.0123
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Allah
SWT, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penyususn dapat
menyelesaikan Proposal Tugas Akhir Arsitektur ini.
Proposal yang disajikan berjudul “Mixed Use Building di Kota
Surakarta” . Dalam penyusunan proposal ini saya memperoleh banyak
bantuan dan dukungan dari dukungan pihak – pihak sebagai berikut :
1. Dra . B. Tyas Susanti, MA, PhD selaku dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan
Desain
2. Dr. Krisprantono selaku ketua Fakultas Arsitektur Unika Soegijapranata
3. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, MT selaku dosen pembimbing PAA 69, yang
selalu memberikan masukan dan motivasinya
4. Orang tua yang selalu memberi support.
5. Semua pihak yang telah membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak
langsung sehingga dapat tersusun proposal ini namun tidak dapat saya
sebutkan satu persatu.
penyusun mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga makalah ini dapat
bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Semarang, 29 Maret 2016
Penyusun
vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN COVER .................................................................................................... i
SURAT PERNYATAAN ............................................................................................ iv
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I ......................................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Mixed Use Building .............................................................. 1
1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................................ 1
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ...................................................................................... 2
1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................... 3
1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Data Primer ............................................................................................ 6
1.4.2 Data Sekunder ........................................................................................ 7
1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................. 9
vii
BAB II ...................................................................................................................... 10
TINJAUAN PROJEK ............................................................................................... 10
2.1. Tinjauan Umum Mixed Use Building ........................................................... 10
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................. 10
2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Tren ............................................... 10
2.1.3. Sasaran yang akan dicapai Mixed Use Building ................................... 12
2.2. Tinjauan Khusus Mixed Use Building .......................................................... 13
2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................... 13
2.2.2. Tinjauan Kantor Sewa .......................................................................... 17
2.2.3. Tinjauan Mall ........................................................................................ 23
2.2.4. Tinjauan Hunian ................................................................................... 29
2.2.5. Kegiatan (Pelaku, Aktivitas, dan Fasilitas) ............................................ 45
2.2.6. Persyaratan Lokasi dan Tapak ............................................................. 50
2.2.7. Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota ............................................................. 51
2.2.8. Studi Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis................................................ 54
2.2.9. Permasalahan Desain .......................................................................... 62
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ......................................................... 63
2.3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 63
2.3.2. Batasan ................................................................................................ 63
2.3.3. Anggapan ............................................................................................. 64
viii
BAB III ..................................................................................................................... 65
ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................................ 65
3.1. Analisa Pendektan Arsitektur Mixed Use Building ....................................... 65
3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ....................................................................................... 65
3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ....................................................................................... 87
3.1.3. Studi ruang Khusus .............................................................................. 98
3.2. Analisa Pendeketan Sistem Bangunan ..................................................... 100
3.3. Anlisa Pendektan Konteks Bangunan ....................................................... 148
3.4. Anlisa Pendektan Tapak ........................................................................... 152
BAB IV ................................................................................................................... 165
PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................................... 165
4.1. Konsep Program Mixed Use Building ........................................................ 165
4.1.1. Aspek Citra ......................................................................................... 165
4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ...................................................................................... 165
4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................. 166
4.1.4. Aspek Ramah Lingkungan .................................................................. 166
4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan Mixed Use Building ....................................................................... 167
4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan (design objective) ............................................. 167
4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan (design determinant) ........................... 167
ix
4.2.3. Faktor Pesyaratan Perancangan (design requirement) ...................... 168
4.3. Program Arsitektur Mixed Use Building ..................................................... 170
4.3.1. Program Besaran Ruang .................................................................... 170
4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................... 180
4.3.3. Lokasi dan tapak ................................................................................ 194
BAB V .................................................................................................................... 201
KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................................... 201
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan/ Tema Desain ..................................................... 201
5.1.1. Uraian Inteprestasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain .............. 201
5.1.2. Studi Preseden Arsitektur Kontekstual ............................................... 206
5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Desain Arsitektur Kontekstual ......... 208
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahn Dominan .......................................................... 209
5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi Dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ...... 209
5.2.2. Studi Preseden Open Space pada Bangunan .................................... 216
5.2.3. Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan.......................................... 221
Kepustakaan ......................................................................................................... 226
Lampiran ............................................................................................................... 229
x
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Peta Wilayah Surakarta ....................................................................... 52
Gambar 2. 2 Interior Braga Citiy Walk ...................................................................... 56
Gambar 2. 3 Perspektif Braga City Walk .................................................................. 56
Gambar 2. 4 Type Kamar di Fave Hotel Braga Bandung ........................................ 57
Gambar 2. 5 Type Apartment di Astron Braga Bandung .......................................... 57
Gambar 2. 6 Denah Type Apartment Aston Braga ................................................... 58
Gambar 2. 7 . Floor Directory ................................................................................... 58
gambar 2. 8 Master Plan Central Park Jakarta ........................................................ 59
gambar 2. 9 Central Park Agung Podomoro Grup ................................................... 60
Gambar 2. 10 Contoh Soho Central Park ................................................................. 60
gambar 2. 11 Central Park Pada Malam Hari ........................................................... 61
gambar 2. 12 Central Park Pada Pagi Hari .............................................................. 61
gambar 2. 13 Taman Pada Central park .................................................................. 62
gambar 2. 14 Perspektif Central Park ...................................................................... 62
Gambar 3. 1 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Kantor ............................................................... 73
Gambar 3. 2 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Hotel dan Apartment ........................................ 73
Gambar 3. 3 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Mall .................................................................. 74
Gambar 3. 4 Sirkulasi Barang .................................................................................. 74
Gambar 3. 5 Studi Ruang Khusus Hotel .................................................................. 98
Gambar 3. 6 Studi Toilet .......................................................................................... 99
xi
Gambar 3. 7 Pondasi Sumuran .............................................................................. 100
Gambar 3. 8 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 102
Gambar 3. 9 Sistem Dinding Pemikul Lantai .......................................................... 104
Gambar 3. 10 Gambar Sistem Balok Pemikul Lantai ............................................ 105
Gambar 3. 11 Sistem Pelat Dasar .......................................................................... 106
Gambar 3. 12 Flat Slab System ............................................................................. 107
Gambar 3. 14 Space Frame ................................................................................... 110
Gambar 3. 17 Material Beton ................................................................................. 111
Gambar 3. 18 Material Baja ................................................................................... 112
Gambar 3. 19 Struktur Core ................................................................................... 115
Gambar 3. 20 Struktur Rangka .............................................................................. 116
Gambar 3. 21 Sistem Struktur Bearing Wall ........................................................... 117
Gambar 3. 22 Lantai Vinyl ...................................................................................... 119
Gambar 3. 23 Lantai Marmer dan Granit ............................................................... 120
Gambar 3. 24 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................ 121
Gambar 3. 25 Lantai Karpet Sumber www.google.com ........................................ 122
Gambar 3. 26 Cladding .......................................................................................... 123
Gambar 3. 27 Vinyl Cladding ................................................................................. 124
Gambar 3. 28 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems ........................................... 125
Gambar 3. 29 Wood Cladding ................................................................................ 126
Gambar 3. 30 Roster .............................................................................................. 127
Gambar 3. 31 Aplikasi material kaca ...................................................................... 131
Gambar 3. 32 Aplikasi vertical landscape .............................................................. 131
xii
Gambar 3. 33 Sistem Utilitas Suplai Air bersih ....................................................... 135
Gambar 3. 34 Sistem Utlitas Pembuangan dan Pengelolahan Limbah Cair dan
Limbah Padat ......................................................................................................... 136
Gambar 3. 35 Skylight ............................................................................................ 137
Gambar 3. 36 Pencahayaan Buatan ...................................................................... 137
Gambar 3. 37 Sistem Utilitas Pencahayaam .......................................................... 138
Gambar 3. 38 Diagram Tipikal Pasokan Listrik ...................................................... 139
Gambar 3. 39 Sistem Utilitas Transportasi Gedung ............................................... 140
Gambar 3. 40 Sistem Utilitas Perawatan Kebersihan Gedung ............................... 141
Gambar 3. 41 Tangga Darurat ............................................................................... 142
Gambar 3. 42 Sistem UtilitasTelekomunukasi gedung ........................................... 143
Gambar 3. 43 Fire Alarm ........................................................................................ 145
Gambar 4. 1 Peta Rencana Pembagian BWK TAHUN 2011-2031 ........................ 194
Gambar 4. 2 Peta Rencana Kawasan Stategis th 2011 - 2031 .............................. 194
Gambar 4. 3 Kawasan Strategis kota Surakarta .................................................... 195
Gambar 4. 4 Rencana Pola Ruang Wilayah Surakarta .......................................... 195
Gambar 4. 5 Tapak Terpilih .................................................................................... 198
Gambar 5. 1 Louvre Pyramid ................................................................................. 207
Gambar 5. 2 Victoria house .................................................................................... 207
Gambar 5. 3 Hotel Alila Surakarta .......................................................................... 208
Gambar 5. 4 Fave Hotel ......................................................................................... 208
xiii
Gambar 5. 5 Sala View Hotel ................................................................................. 208
Gambar 5. 6 Interior Alila Hotel .............................................................................. 208
Gambar 5. 7 penggunaan atap limasan terpancung .............................................. 209
Gambar 5. 8 Ketinggian bangunan ........................................................................ 209
Gambar 5. 9 bentuk dasar persegi ......................................................................... 209
Gambar 5. 10 Urban Space and high rises ............................................................ 222
Gambar 5. 11 Penggunaan Bio-Retension Cells Untuk Pulau Pada Area Parkir ... 223
Gambar 5. 12 Pemutusan Curb/Areea Impermeeable ........................................... 223
Gambar 5. 13 Wind Turbin ..................................................................................... 224
Gambar 5. 14 Penggunaan photovoltaic ................................................................ 225
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3. 1 Diagram pertumbuhan penduduk ............................................................ 77
Tabel 3. 2 Presentase Pertumbuhan Penduduk Sumber : BPS kota Surakarta 2015
................................................................................................................................. 78
Tabel 3. 3 Diagram Wisnus di Kota Surakarta ......................................................... 79
Tabel 3. 4 Diagram Wisman di Kota Surakarta ....................................................... 79
Tabel 3. 5 Wisatawan yang berada di Surakarta ...................................................... 80
Tabel 3. 6 Jumlah Kamar Hotel ................................................................................ 81
Tabel 3. 7 Studi Fasilitas ......................................................................................... 92
Tabel 3. 8 jadwal Kegiatan Fasilitas ......................................................................... 75
Tabel 5. 1 Manfaat Ruang Terbuka Hijau ............................................................... 212
Tabel 5. 2 Standar Pepohonan .............................................................................. 216
Tabel 5. 3 Mixed Use di Jakarta ............................................................................. 217
Tabel 5. 4 Studi Literatur Penerapan Open Space Reserve Sumber: Hasil Olahan
Data Sekunder ....................................................................................................... 219
Tabel 5. 5 Tabel Mixed Use di Negara Lain ........................................................... 220